TOPIC 4 - EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSES(EPR) AND FIRE SAFETY

8/9/2019 TOPIC 4 - EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSES(EPR) AND FIRE SAFETY

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TOPIC 4 : EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSES (EPR) AND FIRE SAFETY

WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY

Accident unexpected event which cause damage@ harm. Happens by chance.

Emergency an unforeseen combination of circumstances @ the resulting state that calls forimmediate action.

Disaster a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage , loss @ destruction

WHY PREPARE FOR AN EMERGENCY

here are unaccounted , unplanned ! unexpected event

Accidents happen at any time and emergency situation is chaotic.

Emergency often escalates to crisis.

"egulatory and industry re#uirement eg $%&AH "egulations, '(().

"esponsible care *H+A+ '---, %++* '--- , etc

$ommunities are affected by emergencies

Emergencies cn cre!e "rie!# $% &'rs %$r $r*ers in !&e im+c!e re Pre+ring -e%$re

n emergenc# incien! +.#s "i!. r$.e in ens/ring !&! em+.$#ers n $r*ers &"e !&e

necessr# e0/i+men!, *n$ &ere !$ g$, n *n$ &$ !$ *ee+ !&emse."es s%e &en n

emergenc# $cc/rs T&ese Emergenc# Pre+reness n Res+$nse +ges +r$"ie in%$rm!i$n $n

&$ !$ +re+re n !rin %$r emergencies n !&e &'rs !$ -e re $% &en n emergenc#$cc/rs T&e +ges +r$"ie in%$rm!i$n %$r em+.$#ers n $r*ers cr$ss in/s!ries, n %$r

$r*ers &$ i.. -e res+$ning !$ !&e emergenc#

For information on how to get started with preparing for an emergency, visit the

"Getting Started - General Preparedness and Response" section. This section

provides information for general bsinesses and for wor!ers who will respond to

the emergency. The information in this section is designed to apply to a wide

variety of emergency preparedness and response incidents. For gidance on a

particlar type of emergency, visit or atral #isaster or Speci$c %a&ards 'eb


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TYPES OF EMERGENCY

$hemical Emergency

/ire

%ow (o )ay *e +posed to a hemical

You may be exposed to a chemical in three ways:

Breathing the chemical

Swallowing contaminated food, water, or medication

hemicals are a natral and important part of

or environment. +ven thogh we often dontthin! abot it, we se chemicals every day.

hemicals help !eep or food fresh and or

bodies clean. They help or plants grow and fel

or cars. /nd chemicals ma!e it ossible for s

hemical /ccidents an *e Prevented

hemicals are fond everywhere 0 in or !itchens, medicine cabinets, basements,

and garages. 1n fact, most chemical accidents occr in or own homes. /nd they

can be prevented.

Did you know that if a fire starts in your home, you

may have just two minutes to escape

!he most effective way to protect yourself and your

home from fire is to identify and remove fire ha"ards#

$% percent of house fire deaths occur in homes with no

working smoke alarms# During a home fire, working

smoke alarms and a fire escape plan that has been

practiced regularly can save lives#


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/ire +afety ips

%f a fire occurs in your home, 0E *1, +A2 *1 and $A33 for help.

%nstall smo4e alarms on every level of your home, inside bedrooms and outside sleeping areas.

est smo4e alarms once a month, if they5re not wor4ing, change the batteries.

al4 with all household members about a fire escape planand practice the plan twice a year.

Earth#ua4e
http://www.redcross.org/images/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m38640160_Home_Fire_Escape_Plan.pdfhttp://www.redcross.org/images/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m38640160_Home_Fire_Escape_Plan.pdf


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An earth#ua4e is a sudden, rapid sha4ing of the earth

caused by the brea4ing and shifting of roc4 beneath

the earth5s surface. Earth#ua4es stri4e suddenly,

without warning, and they can occur at any time of the

year, day or night. /orty6five states and territories in

the 1nited +tates are at moderate to very high ris4 of

earth#ua4es, and they are located in every region of

the country

Are 2ou at %ncreased "is4 from Earth#ua4es7

$ontact your local emergency management office, local American "ed $ross, state geological survey

or department of natural resources for specific information about your community5s ris4. However, bear

in mind8

&obile homes and homes not attached to their foundations are at particular ris4 during an

earth#ua4e.

9uildings with foundations resting on landfill and other unstable soils are at increased ris4 of

damage.

Did 2ou :now7

Doorways are no stronger than any other part of a structure so don5t rely on them for protection; During

an earth#ua4e, get under a sturdy piece of furniture and hold on. %t will help shelter you from falling

ob


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>or4place Emergency

A wor4place emergency is an unforeseen situation that threatens wor4ers, customers, or the public? disrupts or

shuts down operations? or causes physical or environmental damage. +ome examples of wor4place emergencies

include8

Emergenc# Mngemen! C$$rin!$r n Ts*

Administer and 4eep current the emergency management programed

>or4 with Emergency &anagement $ommittee

TAS1 OF THE INCIDENT ORGANISATION

2 $res 2 chemical spills 2 wor!place

violence 2 severe winter storms 2

3oods 2 bomb threats 2 medical

emergencies 2 n!nown toic

sbstances

4ehiclar accidents 2 eplosions 2

power failre 2 sspicios pac!ages 2

e5ipment6machinery failre 2 armed

robberies 2 pandemics 7i.e. in3en&a,

%88, etc.9

1dentify level of emergency response

oordinates response action, evacation, continity and recovery

activities.

+nsre otside assistance are noti$ed or called pon.

'or! with eternal agencies.


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INCIDENT COMMAND OPERATIONS TEAMS

Depends on the organiation, activities and products. /or example8

&ost organiations will need a team of 8

6 /ire fighter

6 Evacuation rescuers

6 /irst aiders

Haardous chemical plant

6 $hemical or oil spill team

rocess plant

6 +hut down team

6 "escue team

9A+%$ */ /%"E

These three elements ma!e p what is

commonly called the fre triangle. Fire

can only occr when the three elements

are present and in the proper conditions

and proportions. 1f any one of these

factors is ta!en away, $re cannot begin or

in the case of an already brning $re, etingishment will occr.

inthe:nitedStates,yetmostpeopleignoreit.(G+ - The air we breathe is abot ?8 @ oygen. Fire re5ires an atmosphere with at

least 8A @ oygen. This means that oygen is always present in the home. 1f, however, yo

can separate the other two elements, yo will have ta!en the $rst step towards eBective $re

prevention.

&'(! ) &eat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors aregiven off for ignition to occur# 'xamples of possible heat sources include:

*+' ) *uel can be any combustible material in any state of matter ) solid, li-uid, or gas# .ost solids and li-uids

become a vapor or gas before they will burn# 'xamples of possible fuels located withina common homeinclude:


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C2ASS OF FIRE

1nderstandingthebasicprinciplesbehindhowfirestartscangiveyouanedge...in"EBE=%=0fires.=ever/%0Hafireif8

6thefireisspreadingbeyondthespotwhereitstarted.

6youcanCtfightthefirewithyourbac4toanescapeexit.

6thefirecanbloc4youronlyescape.

6youdonCthaveade#uatefire6fightinge#uipmentandtraining.

%nA=2ofthesesituations,D*=C/%0HHE/%"E2*1"+E3/.$A33/*"HE3;


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C.ss A: Orinr# c$m-/s!i-.es

$lass A fires consist of ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, fabric, plastic, and most 4inds of

trash

C.ss 3: F.mm-.e .i0/i n gs

hese are fires whose fuel is flammable or combustible li#uid or gas. he 1+ system designates all

such fires $lass 9. %n the EuropeanAustralian system, flammable li#uids are designated $lass 9,while burning gases are separately designated $lass $. hese fires follow the same basic fire

tetrahedron Fheat, fuel, oxygen, chemical reactionG as ordinary combustible fires, except that the fuel in

#uestion is a flammable li#uid such as gasoline, or gas such as natural gas. A solid stream of water

should never be used to extinguish this type because it can cause the fuel to scatter, spreading the

flames. he most effective way to extinguish a li#uid or gas fueled fire is by inhibiting the chemical

chain reaction of the fire, which is done by dry chemical and Halon extinguishing agents, although

smothering with $*or, for li#uids, foam is also effective. Halon has fallen out of favor in recent times

because it is an oone6depleting material? the &ontreal rotocol declares that Halon should no longer

be used. $hemicals such as /&6--are now the recommended halogenated suppressant.

C.ss C $r C.ss E: E.ec!ric.

Electrical fires are fires involving potentially energied electricale#uipment. he 1+ system designates

these $lass $? the Australian system designates them $lass E. his sort of fire may be caused by

short6circuiting machinery or overloaded electrical cables. hese fires can be a severe haard to

firefighters using water or other conductive agents8 Electricity may be conducted from the fire, through

water, to the firefighterCs body, and then earth.Electrical shoc4shave caused many firefighter deaths.

Electrical fire may be fought in the same way as an ordinary combustible fire, but water, foam, and

other conductive agents are not to be used. >hile the fire is or possibly could be electrically energied,

it can be fought with any extinguishing agent rated for electrical fire. $arbon dioxide$*, =*BE$ 'I-,/&6-- and dry chemical powder extinguishers such as : and even ba4ing soda are especially

suited to extinguishing this sort of fire. : should be a last resort solution to extinguishing the fire due

to its corrosive tendencies. *nce electricity is shut off to the e#uipment involved, it will generally

become an ordinary combustible fire. %n Europe Electrical /ires are no longer a class of fire as

electricity can not burn. he items around the electrical sources may burn. 9y turning the electrical

source off, the fire can be fought by one of the other class of fire extinguishers

C.ss D: Me!.

$lass D fires consist of combustible metals such as magnesium,potassium, titanium, and irconium.JIK
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM-200http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electrical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electrical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_shockshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_shockshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM-200http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple-Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple-Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_class#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM-200http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electrical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_shockshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM-200http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple-Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titaniumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_class#cite_note-3


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>ith the exception of the metals that burn in contact with airor water Ffor example, sodiumG, masses of

combustible metals do not represent unusual fire ris4s because they have the ability to conduct heat

away from hot spots so efficiently that the heat of combustion cannot be maintainedLthis means that it

will re#uire a lot of heat to ignite a mass of combustible metal. 0enerally, metal fire ris4s exist when

sawdust, machine shavings and other metal CfinesC are present. 0enerally, these fires can be ignited by

the same types of ignition sources that would start other common fires.

>ater and other common firefighting materials can excite metal fires and ma4e them worse. he =/A

recommends that metal fires be fought with dry powder extinguishing agents. Dry powder agents wor4

by smothering and heat absorption. he most common of these agents are sodium chloridegranules

and graphitepowder. %n recent years powdered copperhas also come into use.

+ome extinguishers are labeled as containing dry chemicalextinguishing agents. his may be confused

with dry powder. he two are not the same. 1sing one of these extinguishers in error, in place of dry

powder, can be ineffective or actually increase the intensity of a metal fire.

&etal fires represent a uni#ue haard because people are often not aware of the characteristics of

these fires and are not properly prepared to fight them. herefore, even a small metal fire can spread

and become a larger fire in the surrounding ordinary combustible materials. *nly dry powder should

ever be used to extinguish a metal fire.

C.ss 1 $r C.ss F: C$$*ing $i.s n %!s (*i!c&en %ires)

$lass : fires involve unsaturated coo4ing oils in well6insulated coo4ing appliances located in

commercial 4itchens.JK

/ires that involve coo4ing oilsor fats are designated $lass : under the American system, and $lass

/ under the EuropeanAustralasian systems. hough such fires are technically a subclass of the

flammable li#uidgas class, the special characteristics of these types of fires, namely the higher flash

point, are considered important enough to recognie separately. >ater mist can be used to extinguish

such fires. Appropriate fire extinguishers may also have hoods over them that help extinguish the fire.

EMERGENCY AND FIRE SAFETY PLANNING

A plan which provides occupant information for control of fire hazards, maintenance of

fire protection systems, and evacuation procedures for their building

Identification of vital personnel (core team) systems, operations and equipments

!riorities for restoration and mitigation

Acceptable downtime before restoration to a minimum level

"inimum resources needed to accomplish the restoration

#elow is the strategy of emergency planning

PLAN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophoricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_class#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophoricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_class#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_oil


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$ritten plans

) %trategic

) &perations

) "itigations) 'ecovery plans

'oles and responsibilities) Incident commander, recovery manager, communication and public

relations

ines of authority

EMERGENCY OPERATING MANUALS

or refer during an emergency

$ho does what, information and data

#alance between overview and detailed response

*eed to +now, nice to +now

%ound understanding enables fleibility

simple language

INCIDENT PROCEDURES -ontrol of access to the area

Identification of personnel at the incident

Accounting for personnel in incident activities

Accounting for person affected, displaced, or in.ured by the emergency

"obilization and demobilization of resources

TRAINING amiliarization

) "anual familiarization, specific courses ( chemical fire, rescue,

decontamination, media etc)

!ersonnel readiness) /now the fundamental role

) /now your way around the manual

) 0ave your personal aid ready

) /now the early action well) 1nsure alternate is ready


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EXERCISE AND DRILLS 2ypes and sub.ects

) 2ypes 3 %imulated, 4 'eal 4

) %ub.ects 3 &perational, security, -ommercial

!reparation for eercise) %cenarios, timing of events, roles ( including media ) and resources

) %ecret but forewarn other parties as necessary

EVALUATION !lan should be reviewed annually and updated as necessary

#e re5 evaluated when 3

) 2here are changes ( 'egulatory, new hazard, eisting hazard changes )

) 'esources or organizational structure change

After test, drills or eercise

After disaster responses

Infrastructure changes

FIRE SAFETY

A fire safety plan is required by all *orth American national, state and provincial fire codes

based on building use or occupancy types 6enerally, the owner of the building is responsible for

the preparation of a fire safety plan #uildings with elaborate emergency systems may require

the assistance of a fire protection consultant After the plan has been prepared, it must be

submitted to the -hief ire &fficial or authority having .urisdiction for approval &nce approved,

the owner is responsible for implementing the fire safety plan and training all staff in their duties

It is also the owners responsibility to ensure that all visitors and staff are informed of what to do

$re.Firesafetymeasresincldethosethatareintendedtopreventignitionofanncontrolled$re,and

neddringtheconstrctionofabildingorimplementedinstrctresthatarealreadystanding,andth

$reha&ards./$reha&ardmayincldeasitationthatincreasestheli!elihooda$remaystartormayim

ireSafetytopicsare$redepartmentmembers!nownasFirePrevention=Ccers.The-hiefFirePreventio


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in case of fire 7uring a fire emergency, a copy of the approved fire safety plan must be available

for the responding fire department8s use

ire safety plan structure

/ey contact information

9tility services (Including shut5off valves for water, gas and electric)

Access issues

7angerous stored materials

ocation of people with special needs

-onnections to sprin+ler system

ayout, drawing, and site plan of building

"aintenance schedules for life safety systems

!ersonnel training and fire drill procedure

-reate safe haven (zone)

Fire !ntr!lis the practice of reducing the heat output of a fire,reducing the area over which the

fire eists, or suppressing or etinguishing the fire by depriving it of fuel, oygen, or heat(see fire

triangle)

Fire pr!teti!n

It is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive firesIt involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation

of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production,

testing and application of mitigating systems In structures, be they land5based, offshore or

even ships, the owners and operators are responsible to maintain their facilities in

accordance with a design5basis that is rooted in laws, including the local building code and

fire code, which are enforced by the Authority 0aving :urisdiction #uildings must be

constructed in accordance with the version of the building code that is in effect when an

application for a building permit is made #uilding inspectors chec+ on compliance of a

building under construction with the building code &nce construction is complete, a building

must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, which is enforced by the fire

prevention officers of a local fire department In the event of fire emergencies, irefighters,fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel called to mitigate, investigate and learn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_trianglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_triangle


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from the damage of a fire essons learned from fires are applied to the authoring of both

building codes and fire codes

TOPIC 4 - EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSES(EPR) AND FIRE SAFETY

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Transcript of TOPIC 4 - EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSES(EPR) AND FIRE SAFETY