TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of...
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Transcript of TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of...
![Page 1: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TOOLS OF
GEOGRAPHY
![Page 2: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TOOLS TO USE
•Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface
•Globes- a three-dimensional representation of the earth
![Page 3: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Advantages
• Maps are portable and easy to use
• Globes show the earth as it sits in space
![Page 4: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MAPS
• Eratosthenes was first to calculate circumference of earth (only off about 15 degrees) in about 255 BC
• Oldest known map is Babylonian clay tablet created about 2500 years ago
![Page 5: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FINDING LOCATION
• GPS-provides absolute location• Theodolite-type of surveying
equipment used to measure angles and distances
• Magnetic Compass-used to accurately determine direction
• Landsat-series of satellites geographers use to provide geographical information
• GIS-stores info about the world in a digital database
![Page 6: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Satellites
• Best known satellites to map earth are Landsat and GOES (Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite)
![Page 7: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
READING MAPS
• Title- explains the subject and what information the map conveys
• Compass Rose- shows North, South, East and West
• Labels- explains features
![Page 8: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
READING MAPS
• Legend or Key- lists and explains symbols or colors
• Lines of Latitude- lines that measure distance North and South
• Meridians of Longitude- lines that measure distance East and West
![Page 9: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MAP READING
• Scale- shows the ratio between a unit of length on a map and a unit of distance on the earth
• Symbols- represents items on the map
• Colors- represents a variety of information on a map
![Page 10: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TYPES OF MAPS
• Physical Map- shows landforms and bodies of water
• Political Map- shows features created by humans
• Flow-line Maps- illustrate movement of people, goods, idea, etc.
![Page 11: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TYPES OF MAPS
• General Reference Map- a representation of natural man-made features on the earth
• Thematic maps- maps that focus on specific types of information (climate, vegetation, etc)– Qualitative maps- use colors, symbols, dots &
lines to show a pattern– Cartograms- shows info based on data other
than land area
![Page 12: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MAP PROJECTIONS
• A map projection is a way of drawing the earth’s surface that reduces distortion caused by presenting a round earth on flat paper
• Distance, shape, direction or area may be distorted by a projection
![Page 13: TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY. TOOLS TO USE Maps- two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth’s surface Globes- a three-dimensional representation.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649f0d5503460f94c20fec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PROJECTIONS
• Planar Projections- a projection on a flat surface, called azimuthal projections; it distorts size and shape
• Conical Projections- these show shape fairly accurately, but will distort landmass at the edges
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PROJECTIONS
• Cylindrical Projections- shows the entire earth on one map– Mercator- shapes are distorted at the
poles and compressed near the equator– Homolosine- oceans are separated; has
accurate shapes but distorted distances– Robinson- shows entire earth with
nearly true sizes & shapes; the landforms near the poles are flat