Tonya “Toni” Boyd Emeritus Geo Heat Center Klamath...
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Transcript of Tonya “Toni” Boyd Emeritus Geo Heat Center Klamath...
Tonya “Toni” BoydEmeritus Geo Heat CenterEmeritus Geo‐Heat Center
Klamath Falls, Oregon
Introduction Hot springs were common in the Klamath Falls area – a volcanic region near the Cascade mountain range in OregonOregon
Used by Native Americans for over 10,000 years Most famous springs were: Most famous springs were:
“Big Springs” – present day high school field “Devils Tea Kettle” – near junior high schoolDevils Tea Kettle near junior high school
lamath Basin121030121045122000
District Heating 4 sites
Industrial it
Modoc Point
To Chiloquin 6mi. (10 km)
SCALE
Hot well area
Potential geothermal area
121 30'
121045'
122 00'
030'
W illi
ams on
Riv
er
UPPER
2 sites Greenhouses
2 sites Aquaculture
5 kilometers10 2 3 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 miles
Whiteline Reservoir
Swan Lake
97
140
KLAMATH
LAKE
Aquaculture 1 site
Space Heating Over 600 sites
Klamath FallsAltamont
Olene
Olene Gap
Hogback Mtn. 6198 ft (1889 m)
RoundLake
r
39140
140
015'
OIT
O Snow Melting
4 main sites Resort/Spas
KingsleyField
MidlandKeno
W d
Stukel Mtn. 6525 ft (1989 m)
Hamaker Mtn. 6598 ft (2011 m)
SpringLake
Klam
ath
Rive
r Dive
rs ion Canal
NussLake
LOWER
KLAMATH
LAKEBED97 39
66
2 swimming poolsMerrillWorden
000'
lamath Basin600± geothermal wells30 to 600 m deep40 to 105oC Majority use downhole heat exchangersCity district heating system – 21 buildingsPavement snow melting systemsOregon Institute of Technology50 MWt capacity, 116 GWh/yr
bbl i l f l il d 50,000 bbl equivalent fuel oil saved per year
lamath Falls
White Pelican Hotel (1911 burned in 1926)White Pelican Hotel (1911, burned in 1926) Replace with Balsiger Ford building in 1928Klamath Union High School (1930)Klamath Union High School (1930)Esplande Street Ramp and Bridge (1948)Oregon Institute of Technology (1964)g gy ( 9 4)Sky Lake Medical Center (1977)Klamath Falls District Heating System (1983)g y ( 9 3)
Big Springs” – Modoc FieldKlamath Union High School athletic fieldUse by Native AmericansUse by early European settlers from about 1860sU y y pCook meat and vegetablesBathing and swimming in summerIce skating area with geothermal used to warm benches in Ice skating area with geothermal used to warm benches in winterBath house built in 1928 – Butler’s Natatorium – present day high school swimming poolday high school swimming pool.Pipeline to White Pelican Hotel for heating.
“Big Springs” – Modoc field
DEVILS TEA KETTLE”Near present day Ponderosa Jr. High SchoolUsed by transients to warm themselves and wash their l hclothesSlept on boards above the springs – some fell in and scalded themselves scalded themselves Location has been lostAdjacent canal constructed in the early 1900s tapped Adjacent canal constructed in the early 1900s – tapped into some of the springs
oosevelt Elementary School
uilt 1928uilt 1928
‐ 6th grades
240 m2,240 m2
oosevelt Elementary SchoolOriginally heated by oil‐fired boilers1960 two geothermal wells drilledD th di t iDepth 152 m – 30.5‐cm diameter casingTemperature 95oCTwo black iron 6 4‐cm diameter downhole heat Two black iron 6.4‐cm diameter downhole heat exchangers placed to 100 m depthWaste oil was poured down well to coat heat exchangers at water level to prevent corrosion – now stopped.
onderosa Junior High
Built 1969
7th and 8th grades
7,844 m2
446 students
onderosa Junior HighTwo geothermal wells drilled (1956, 1969)140 m and 171 m Temperatures from 82 to 99oCDeeper well used, other was a backup, but no longer
d d i f ilused due to pipe failureWell has two DHE – two 5‐cm & one 7.5 cm diameter extending 122 m into wellextending 122 m into well.
lamath Union High School
Built 1928, 1938 and 1958
9th through 12 grades
19,200 m2
770 students
lamath Union High SchoolWells drilled into “Big Springs” area, water level at 3 m ‐subartesian – in 1911 and 1940Present production and injection wells drilled in 1964 –Present production and injection wells drilled in 1964 water used directlyProduction well 78 m deep and 89oC with 32 and 27‐cm diameter casingdiameter casingInjection well 73 m deep – 76 m from production well –temperature varies but around 67oCWell temperature drop 3 to 4oC in winter with useLine‐shaft pump produces 25 L/s with 76oC provided to the school mechanical room. school mechanical room.
lla Redkey PoolThe pool was built in 1953. It began operation in 1954.D h l h hDownhole heat exchangerTemperature maintained between 28 to 29oFbetween 28 to 29oFHeats the pool, building and shower facilitiesand shower facilities
ky Lakes Medical CenterOne production well. It is 482 m deep, with a temperature of 91°C and flow of 31.5 L/sOne injection wellj It is 582 m deep added to the system in 1990Heats ~48,800 m2 of building space (main building, medical offices, nursing home), DHW and snow meltingoffices, nursing home), DHW and snow melting
lamath Falls District Heatinglamath Falls District Heating
P d ti W llProduction WellInjection WellGeo ProductionDistrict Heat Supply and Return
Heated Buildings
Greenhouse
Snowmelt
lamath Falls District HeatingTwo production wells #1 ‐ 108oC, 112 m deep and #2 ‐ 102oC, 274 m deep Total pumping – 82 L/sOne injection well
6 t i if t l d ith b 360 m, artesian if not sealed with 0.14 bar Max 63 L/s at a pressure of 3.4 barDesign of the system Design of the system Supply temperature of 99oC utilizing a delta T of 22oC and a maximum flow of 95 L/s95
lamath Falls District Heating
lamath Falls District Heating21 Customers 3 city government buildings 5 county government buildings 1 federal government building 1 community theater 1 community theater 4 churches 7 businesses (IFA Nursery Klamath Basin Brewery)7 businesses (IFA Nursery, Klamath Basin Brewery)
lamath Falls District HeatingInitially set up to serve 10 government buildings (1981)After difficulties been reliable since 1991Did a marketing effort in 1992 to attract more customers
Add d t f Added 9 customers from 1993 – 1997IFA added in 2002Klamath Basin Brewery added in 2005Klamath Basin Brewery added in 2005Timber Mill Shores
ity Government Buildings
Administration Public Works
Cit P li
ounty Government Buildings
Museum
Courthouse Annex
MuseumCourthouse
ederal Government Building &ederal Government Building &ommunity Center
Post Office
Ross Ragland Ross Ragland Theater
ome Business Buildings
G l Mi ialsinger Building Gospel Mission
US Bank
imber Mills Shore
lamath Falls DHlamath Falls DHnow Melt SystemDowntown Streetscape ProjectThe snowmelt system enhances the project with several benefits Elimination of cost and inconvenience of snow and ice removal.
Reduced wintertime liability exposure f li k id lkfrom slick sidewalks.
Reduced mess and inconvenience in buildings from tracked‐in sand, salt and slushand slush.
Elimination of damage to sidewalks and brick pavers from freeze‐thaw cycles.y
lamath Falls District Heating
lamath Basin BreweryWas founded in 2001 by twofriends who shared a desireto brew and sell great beer.to brew and sell great beer.In four years, the foundershad moved from operatingout of a garage to openingout of a garage to openingthe Brewpub in the historicCrater Lake Creameryb ildi i dbuilding in downtownKlamath Falls. The iconicBlue Cow sign still marksgthe building.
lamath Basin Breweryne of the many other things that make Klamath Basinewing Company unique is their water. It comes fromturally fed underground reservoirs that flow from thescade Mountains and Crater Lake area and provider city wells with exceptionally pure water In ther city wells with exceptionally pure water. In theewing process, this crystal clear mountain water isated by heat exchange units, powered by ourothermal district heating system. They are firstown brewing operation that uses geothermally heatedg p g yter for beer production. All this helps to make theews exceptional, pure in taste and “green” inoduction.
lamath Basin BreweryThe brewery uses geothermal energyfrom the Klamath Falls geothermaldistrict heating system for otherh i ll Thheating purposes as well. The usesinclude space heating of ~1020 m2 of
restaurant/pub space,restaurant/pub space, snow melting ~90 m2 of sidewalks, andDuring a peak month, the CreameryBrewpub and Grill uses ~179 GJ (1,700
)p 9
therms) of geothermal energy, whichcosts about US$1,360 for the geothermaluse, but has a net savings of aboutUS$1 190 when compared to natural gasUS$1,190 when compared to natural gas.
FA NurseryTree seedlings are grown for variouscommercial firms, which considerKlamath Falls an ideal location forgrowing conifer seedlings because theg g gsaplings are hardened off at anelevation and temperature that aresimilar to the final planting areas forthese treesh dlThe primary seedling species IFA
Nurseries produces include: Douglasfir, western hemlock, western redcedar, true firs and ponderosa pineA i t l 6 h f hApproximately 1.6 ha of greenhousesOn the Klamath Falls geothermaldistrict heating system.
FA Nursery
splande Street Ramp and Bridge8% grade to a stoplight at a highway intersectionO i i ll i ll d i Originally installed in 1948 Downhole heat exchanger in a 128 m well128 m well
Used 1.9 cm iron pipeWell deepened to 305 m in 1992p 3 5 99Reconstructed in 1998 1.6 cm PEX pipingg
Wall Street Bridge
Wall Street Bridge and approach road using geothermal snowmelt system Wall Street Bridge and approach road using geothermal snowmelt system. Bridge over the A canal and approach road has a 13.25% grade
Wall Street BridgeConsists of about 4.8 km of tubingBridge deck – 11 loops Placed longitudinally ending on the
approach road sideBridge sidewalks
l h id 2 loops each side Placed longitudinallyApproach road sidewalks – 11 lloops 6 on the north side ‐ 5 on the south
side Placed longitudinallyPlaced longitudinally
Wall Street Bridgeh lEntire geothermal portion ‐
US$170,000 (2003) Figures to $177 per m2
State projects tend to be 2 to 3 State projects tend to be 2 to 3 times higher than private Prevailing wages Rigorous inspection standardsSupply line – estimated at US$50,000 to $80,000Manifold boxes ‐ US$600 a pieceT i f h USTesting of the system ‐ US$10,000Actual cost US$75 to 108 per m2
Non‐state jobs usual around US$37 70 to 43 06 per m2US$37.70 to 43.06 per m2
skey’s RanchIs a Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) ll d d f i 3 wells ‐ 91 m deep and 1 m of static water levelTemperature ranges from 87 to 93oC Temperature ranges from 87 to 93oC Recent pump test ‐ 158 L/s with a few inches of draw downfew inches of draw downNo cold water wells
resh Organic GreensCertified OrganicThey grow in organic soil using our own gcompost and compost teaMicro greens currently g ygrown include Mizuna, Celery, Green Basil, Red Basil, Cilantro, Arugula, B li K hl bi Broccoli, Kohlrabi, Tatsoi, Bulls Blood, Beet Top, Curled Cress, Amaranth Amaranth, Tendergreen, Bok Choi
.S.A.‐COMMUNITY.S.A. COMMUNITY UPPORTED GRICULTUREEvery Tuesday, they harvest and pack your C.S.A. share boxbox.The produce varieties that we grow are bred for taste we grow are bred for taste and freshnessrather than for shipping
d l h lf l fand long shelf life
iotacticsThis mite operation consisted of harvesting the eggs of the spider mites, feeding the eggs p g ggto predator mites and then using predator mites in place of pesticides. pOnly the spider mites are raised at Liskey FarmsJust another crop to Tracey Just another crop to Tracey with a compendious manner, he simply states, “we’re the hay to the feedlot ”to the feedlot.
iotacticsLeased 11 greenhousesOne used to germinate lima beans (food for the spider i )mites)
The other ones (10) are used for the production of the spider mitesspider mitesTemperature of the greenhouse is 32oCLima beans grow quickly in the heat approximately Lima beans grow quickly in the heat – approximately three inches in two days, and provide a large leaf areaAll 10 houses are harvested in a two week periodp
reenfuels of OregonGeothermal use Radiant floor space heating of the biodiesel production pbuilding
Use in the production of biodiesel itself
Was set up for processing canola or soy beansThe production target was The production target was about 4.7 L/day, but the actual production depended upon feedstock availabilityupon feedstock availability
Gone Fishing” AquacultureStarted in 1990 at Liskey’s RanchIn 1998 purchased 32 hectares on adjacent land 140 m well at 99oF water and 19 L/sUses the water directly into the ponds Chemical composition similar to Lake pMalawi
Tropical Fish (cichlids)Market changed ‐started growing g g gTilapia Tougher regulations Considered an invasive speciesp
Gone Fishing” Aquaculture
regon Institute of Technologyregon Institute of Technology OIT)
OIT Then3 production wells ranging in temperature from 89oC and 91oC (early from 89oC and 91oC (early 1960s) Depth 396 to 549 mDepth 396 to 549 m2 injection wells – 549 m (early 1990s)
OIT NowNew production well 92oC) 158 L/s (2010)
i j i ll New injection well – 762 m 2011)Over 74 322 m2 of space Over 74,322 m2 of space heating750 m2 of snow melting 750 m of snow melting n campus
Oregon Institute of TechnologyDeep Well ‐ OIT No. 7
ction Well OITINJ No. 1
Inje tion Well OITINJ No 3
Oregon Institute of TechnologyGreenhouse and Aquaculture research projects (1980s)Used to have a geothermal chiller for air conditioning Electric chiller now280 kW geothermal power plant (2010)
h l l ( )Larger geothermal power plant – 1.75 MW (2015)2.0 MW solar array (2015)Th ill b l dThe campus will be almost 100 percent green powered
OIT Geothermal Power Plants
Pratt & Whitney Johnson Controls280 kW 1 ‐ 1.0 MW
1 ‐ 0.75 MW
OIT Snow Melt System16‐mm to 19‐mm diameter cross‐linked polyethylene (PEX) tubing Placed 20 to 25 cm apartPlaced 20 to 25 cm apartDesign to maintain a slab surface temperature of 12oc at ‐20oC air temperature and 10 mph wind when the entering p p g50/50 propylene glycol/water temperature is 62oCEach major area has a separate heat exchanger
l ll d h ll dTotal installed: 3,750 m2 with 3,440 m2 installed in 2012
radle to GraveHospitalDoctor’s Office
Sports Complex Theater
LaundromatApartments
Restaurant Geothermal Fish
Municipal PoolSchools
K C ll
Geothermally Vegetables Geothermal Beer
h h K to CollegeBank
Church Funeral Home
has been pointed out that the geothermal wells inlamath Falls mark one of the nation's mostlamath Falls mark one of the nation s mostmbitious uses of a green energy resource with a tinyarbon footprint, and could serve as a model for apill‐fledgling industry.
T h i l PTechnical Papershttp://www.oit.edu/orec/geo‐heat‐center/publications
Development of Direct Use ProjectsDevelopment of Direct Use ProjectsGeothermal Greenhouse Information PackageAquaculture Information PackageFrom Creamery to Brewery with Geothermal Energy: Klamath From Creamery to Brewery with Geothermal Energy: Klamath Basin Brewing CompanyIndustrial Applications, Chapter 16, Geothermal Direct‐Use Engineering and Design Guidebookg g gPavement Snow Melting
“ ” dTonya “Toni” [email protected](541) 891 2571(541) 891‐2571