Tonya “Toni” Boyd Emeritus Geo Heat Center Klamath...

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Tonya “Toni” Boyd Emeritus Geo Heat Center Emeritus GeoHeat Center Klamath Falls, Oregon

Transcript of Tonya “Toni” Boyd Emeritus Geo Heat Center Klamath...

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Tonya “Toni” BoydEmeritus Geo Heat CenterEmeritus Geo‐Heat Center

Klamath Falls, Oregon

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Introduction Hot springs were common in the Klamath Falls area – a volcanic region near the Cascade mountain range in OregonOregon

Used by Native Americans for over 10,000 years Most famous springs were: Most famous springs were:

“Big Springs” – present day high school field “Devils Tea Kettle” – near junior high schoolDevils Tea Kettle   near junior high school

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lamath Basin121030121045122000

District Heating 4 sites

Industrial  it

Modoc Point

To Chiloquin 6mi. (10 km)

SCALE

Hot well area

Potential geothermal area

121 30'

121045'

122 00'

030'

W illi

ams on

Riv

er

UPPER

2 sites Greenhouses

2 sites Aquaculture

5 kilometers10 2 3 4

0 1 2 3 4 5 miles

Whiteline Reservoir

Swan Lake

97

140

KLAMATH

LAKE

Aquaculture 1 site

Space Heating Over 600 sites

Klamath FallsAltamont

Olene

Olene Gap

Hogback Mtn. 6198 ft (1889 m)

RoundLake

r

39140

140

015'

OIT

O Snow Melting

4 main sites Resort/Spas

KingsleyField

MidlandKeno

W d

Stukel Mtn. 6525 ft (1989 m)

Hamaker Mtn. 6598 ft (2011 m)

SpringLake

Klam

ath

Rive

r Dive

rs ion Canal

NussLake

LOWER

KLAMATH

LAKEBED97 39

66

2 swimming poolsMerrillWorden

000'

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lamath Basin600± geothermal wells30 to 600 m deep40 to 105oC Majority use downhole heat exchangersCity district heating system – 21 buildingsPavement snow melting systemsOregon Institute of Technology50 MWt capacity, 116 GWh/yr 

 bbl  i l  f l  il  d   50,000 bbl equivalent fuel oil saved per year

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lamath Falls

White Pelican Hotel (1911  burned in 1926)White Pelican Hotel (1911, burned in 1926) Replace with Balsiger Ford building in 1928Klamath Union High School (1930)Klamath Union High School (1930)Esplande Street Ramp and Bridge (1948)Oregon Institute of Technology (1964)g gy ( 9 4)Sky Lake Medical Center (1977)Klamath Falls District Heating System (1983)g y ( 9 3)

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Big Springs” – Modoc FieldKlamath Union High School athletic fieldUse by Native AmericansUse by early European settlers from about 1860sU y y pCook meat and vegetablesBathing and swimming in summerIce skating area with geothermal used to warm benches in Ice skating area with geothermal used to warm benches in winterBath house built in 1928 – Butler’s Natatorium – present day high school swimming poolday high school swimming pool.Pipeline to White Pelican Hotel for heating.

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“Big Springs” – Modoc field

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DEVILS TEA KETTLE”Near present day Ponderosa Jr. High SchoolUsed by transients to warm themselves and wash their l hclothesSlept on boards above the springs – some fell in and scalded themselves scalded themselves Location has been lostAdjacent canal constructed in the early 1900s  tapped Adjacent canal constructed in the early 1900s – tapped into some of the springs

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oosevelt Elementary School

uilt 1928uilt 1928

 ‐ 6th grades

240 m2,240 m2

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oosevelt Elementary SchoolOriginally heated by oil‐fired boilers1960 two geothermal wells drilledD th       di t   iDepth 152 m – 30.5‐cm diameter casingTemperature 95oCTwo black iron 6 4‐cm diameter downhole heat Two black iron 6.4‐cm diameter downhole heat exchangers placed to 100 m depthWaste oil was poured down well to coat heat exchangers at water level to prevent corrosion – now stopped. 

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onderosa Junior High

Built 1969

7th and 8th grades

7,844 m2

446 students

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onderosa Junior HighTwo geothermal wells drilled (1956, 1969)140 m and 171 m Temperatures from 82 to 99oCDeeper well used, other was a backup, but no longer 

d d     i  f ilused due to pipe failureWell has two DHE – two 5‐cm & one 7.5 cm diameter extending 122 m into wellextending 122 m into well.

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lamath Union High School

Built 1928, 1938 and 1958

9th through 12 grades

19,200 m2

770 students

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lamath Union High SchoolWells drilled into “Big Springs” area, water level at  3 m ‐subartesian – in 1911 and 1940Present production and injection wells drilled in 1964 –Present production and injection wells drilled in 1964 water used directlyProduction well 78 m deep and 89oC with 32 and 27‐cm diameter casingdiameter casingInjection well 73 m deep – 76 m from production well –temperature varies but around 67oCWell temperature drop 3 to 4oC in winter with useLine‐shaft pump produces 25 L/s with 76oC provided to the school mechanical room.  school mechanical room.  

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lla Redkey PoolThe pool was built in 1953. It began operation in 1954.D h l h   hDownhole heat exchangerTemperature maintained between 28 to 29oFbetween 28 to 29oFHeats the pool, building and shower facilitiesand shower facilities

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ky Lakes Medical CenterOne production well.  It is 482 m deep, with a temperature of 91°C and flow of 31.5 L/sOne injection wellj It is 582 m deep added to the system in 1990Heats ~48,800 m2 of building space (main building, medical offices, nursing home), DHW and snow meltingoffices, nursing home), DHW and snow melting

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lamath Falls District Heatinglamath Falls District Heating

P d ti W llProduction WellInjection WellGeo ProductionDistrict Heat Supply and Return

Heated Buildings

Greenhouse

Snowmelt

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lamath Falls District HeatingTwo production wells #1 ‐ 108oC, 112 m deep and #2 ‐ 102oC, 274 m deep Total pumping – 82 L/sOne injection well

6     t i  if  t  l d  ith   b 360 m, artesian if not sealed with 0.14 bar Max 63 L/s at a pressure of 3.4 barDesign of the system Design of the system  Supply temperature of 99oC utilizing a delta T of 22oC and a maximum flow of 95 L/s95

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lamath Falls District Heating

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lamath Falls District Heating21 Customers 3 city government buildings 5 county government buildings 1 federal government building 1 community theater 1 community theater 4 churches 7 businesses (IFA Nursery  Klamath Basin Brewery)7 businesses (IFA Nursery, Klamath Basin Brewery)

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lamath Falls District HeatingInitially set up to serve 10 government buildings (1981)After difficulties been reliable since 1991Did a marketing effort in 1992 to attract more customers

Add d    t  f     Added 9 customers from 1993 – 1997IFA added in 2002Klamath Basin Brewery added in 2005Klamath Basin Brewery added in 2005Timber Mill Shores 

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ity Government Buildings

Administration Public Works

Cit  P li

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ounty Government Buildings

Museum

Courthouse Annex

MuseumCourthouse

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ederal Government Building &ederal Government Building &ommunity Center

Post Office

Ross Ragland Ross Ragland Theater

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ome Business Buildings

G l Mi ialsinger Building Gospel Mission

US Bank

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imber Mills Shore

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lamath Falls DHlamath Falls DHnow Melt SystemDowntown Streetscape ProjectThe snowmelt system enhances the project with several benefits Elimination of cost and inconvenience of snow and ice removal.

Reduced wintertime liability exposure f   li k  id lkfrom slick sidewalks.

Reduced mess and inconvenience in buildings from tracked‐in sand, salt and slushand slush.

Elimination of damage to sidewalks and brick pavers from freeze‐thaw cycles.y

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lamath Falls District Heating

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lamath Basin BreweryWas founded in 2001 by twofriends who shared a desireto brew and sell great beer.to brew and sell great beer.In four years, the foundershad moved from operatingout of a garage to openingout of a garage to openingthe Brewpub in the historicCrater Lake Creameryb ildi i dbuilding in downtownKlamath Falls. The iconicBlue Cow sign still marksgthe building.

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lamath Basin Breweryne of the many other things that make Klamath Basinewing Company unique is their water. It comes fromturally fed underground reservoirs that flow from thescade Mountains and Crater Lake area and provider city wells with exceptionally pure water In ther city wells with exceptionally pure water. In theewing process, this crystal clear mountain water isated by heat exchange units, powered by ourothermal district heating system. They are firstown brewing operation that uses geothermally heatedg p g yter for beer production. All this helps to make theews exceptional, pure in taste and “green” inoduction.

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lamath Basin BreweryThe brewery uses geothermal energyfrom the Klamath Falls geothermaldistrict heating system for otherh i ll Thheating purposes as well. The usesinclude space heating of ~1020 m2 of

restaurant/pub space,restaurant/pub space, snow melting ~90 m2 of sidewalks, andDuring a peak month, the CreameryBrewpub and Grill uses ~179 GJ (1,700

)p 9

therms) of geothermal energy, whichcosts about US$1,360 for the geothermaluse, but has a net savings of aboutUS$1 190 when compared to natural gasUS$1,190 when compared to natural gas.

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FA NurseryTree seedlings are grown for variouscommercial firms, which considerKlamath Falls an ideal location forgrowing conifer seedlings because theg g gsaplings are hardened off at anelevation and temperature that aresimilar to the final planting areas forthese treesh dlThe primary seedling species IFA

Nurseries produces include: Douglasfir, western hemlock, western redcedar, true firs and ponderosa pineA i t l 6 h f hApproximately 1.6 ha of greenhousesOn the Klamath Falls geothermaldistrict heating system.

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FA Nursery

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splande Street Ramp and Bridge8% grade to a stoplight at a highway intersectionO i i ll  i ll d i  Originally installed in 1948 Downhole heat exchanger in a 128 m well128 m well

Used 1.9 cm iron pipeWell deepened to 305 m in 1992p 3 5 99Reconstructed in 1998 1.6 cm PEX pipingg

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Wall Street Bridge

Wall Street Bridge and approach road using geothermal snowmelt system  Wall Street Bridge and approach road using geothermal snowmelt system. Bridge over the A canal and approach road has a 13.25% grade

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Wall Street BridgeConsists of about 4.8 km of tubingBridge deck – 11 loops Placed longitudinally ending on the 

approach road sideBridge sidewalks

 l   h  id 2 loops each side Placed longitudinallyApproach road sidewalks – 11 lloops 6 on the north side ‐ 5 on the south 

side Placed longitudinallyPlaced longitudinally

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Wall Street Bridgeh lEntire geothermal portion ‐

US$170,000 (2003) Figures to $177 per m2

State projects tend to be 2 to 3 State projects tend to be 2 to 3 times higher than private Prevailing wages Rigorous inspection standardsSupply line – estimated at US$50,000 to $80,000Manifold boxes ‐ US$600 a pieceT i   f  h     USTesting of the system ‐ US$10,000Actual cost US$75 to 108 per m2

Non‐state jobs usual around US$37 70 to 43 06 per m2US$37.70 to 43.06 per m2

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skey’s RanchIs a Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA)  ll       d   d      f  i  3 wells  ‐ 91 m deep and 1 m of static water levelTemperature ranges from 87 to 93oC Temperature ranges from 87 to 93oC Recent pump test  ‐ 158 L/s with a few inches of draw downfew inches of draw downNo cold water wells

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resh Organic GreensCertified OrganicThey grow in organic soil using our own gcompost and compost teaMicro greens currently g ygrown include Mizuna, Celery, Green Basil, Red Basil, Cilantro, Arugula, B li  K hl bi  Broccoli, Kohlrabi, Tatsoi, Bulls Blood, Beet Top, Curled Cress, Amaranth  Amaranth, Tendergreen, Bok Choi

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.S.A.‐COMMUNITY.S.A. COMMUNITY UPPORTED GRICULTUREEvery Tuesday, they harvest and pack your C.S.A. share boxbox.The produce varieties that we grow are bred for taste we grow are bred for taste and freshnessrather than for shipping 

d l   h lf l fand long shelf life

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iotacticsThis mite operation consisted of harvesting the eggs of the spider mites, feeding the eggs p g ggto predator mites and then using predator mites in place of pesticides. pOnly the spider mites are raised at Liskey FarmsJust another crop to Tracey Just another crop to Tracey with a compendious manner, he simply states, “we’re the hay to the feedlot ”to the feedlot.

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iotacticsLeased 11 greenhousesOne used to germinate lima beans (food for the spider i )mites)

The other ones (10) are used for the production of the spider mitesspider mitesTemperature of the greenhouse is 32oCLima beans grow quickly in the heat  approximately Lima beans grow quickly in the heat – approximately three inches in two days, and provide a large leaf areaAll 10 houses are harvested in a two week periodp

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reenfuels of OregonGeothermal use Radiant floor space heating of the biodiesel production pbuilding

Use in the production of biodiesel itself

Was set up for processing canola or soy beansThe production target was The production target was about 4.7 L/day, but the actual production depended upon feedstock availabilityupon feedstock availability

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Gone Fishing” AquacultureStarted in 1990 at Liskey’s RanchIn 1998 purchased 32 hectares on adjacent land 140 m well at 99oF water and 19 L/sUses the water directly into the ponds Chemical composition similar to Lake pMalawi 

Tropical Fish (cichlids)Market changed ‐started growing g g gTilapia Tougher regulations Considered an invasive speciesp

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Gone Fishing” Aquaculture

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regon Institute of Technologyregon Institute of Technology OIT)

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OIT Then3 production wells ranging in temperature from 89oC and 91oC (early from 89oC and 91oC (early 1960s) Depth 396 to 549 mDepth 396 to 549 m2 injection wells – 549 m (early 1990s)

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OIT NowNew production well 92oC) 158 L/s (2010)

 i j i   ll     New injection well – 762 m 2011)Over 74 322 m2 of space Over 74,322 m2 of space heating750 m2 of snow melting 750 m of snow melting n campus

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Oregon Institute of TechnologyDeep Well ‐ OIT No. 7

ction Well OITINJ No. 1

Inje tion Well OITINJ No 3

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Oregon Institute of TechnologyGreenhouse and Aquaculture research projects (1980s)Used to have a geothermal chiller for air conditioning Electric chiller now280 kW geothermal power plant (2010)

h l l ( )Larger geothermal power plant – 1.75 MW (2015)2.0 MW solar array (2015)Th     ill b   l         dThe campus will be almost 100 percent green powered

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OIT Geothermal Power Plants

Pratt & Whitney  Johnson Controls280 kW 1 ‐ 1.0 MW

1 ‐ 0.75 MW 

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OIT Snow Melt System16‐mm to 19‐mm diameter cross‐linked polyethylene (PEX) tubing  Placed 20 to 25 cm apartPlaced 20 to 25 cm apartDesign to maintain a slab surface temperature of 12oc at ‐20oC  air temperature and 10 mph wind when the entering p p g50/50 propylene glycol/water temperature is 62oCEach major area has a separate heat exchanger

l ll d   h ll dTotal installed: 3,750 m2 with 3,440 m2 installed in 2012

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radle to GraveHospitalDoctor’s Office

Sports Complex Theater

LaundromatApartments

Restaurant Geothermal Fish

Municipal PoolSchools

K   C ll

Geothermally Vegetables Geothermal Beer

h h K to CollegeBank

Church Funeral Home

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has been pointed out that the geothermal wells inlamath Falls mark one of the nation's mostlamath Falls mark one of the nation s mostmbitious uses of a green energy resource with a tinyarbon footprint, and could serve as a model for apill‐fledgling industry.

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T h i l PTechnical Papershttp://www.oit.edu/orec/geo‐heat‐center/publications

Development of Direct Use ProjectsDevelopment of Direct Use ProjectsGeothermal Greenhouse Information PackageAquaculture Information PackageFrom Creamery to Brewery with Geothermal Energy: Klamath From Creamery to Brewery with Geothermal Energy: Klamath Basin Brewing CompanyIndustrial Applications, Chapter 16, Geothermal Direct‐Use Engineering and Design Guidebookg g gPavement Snow Melting

“ ” dTonya “Toni” [email protected](541) 891 2571(541) 891‐2571