TOKUGAWA SHOGUNS IN JAPAN

SWBAT: IDENTIFY THE REASONS FOR THE RISE AND FALL OF THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE.

HOMEWORK: NONE

DO NOW: HOW IS BEING AN ISLAND NATION BENEFICIAL? HOW IS IT DISADVANTAGEOUS?

WHERE IS JAPAN?

VOCAB TO KNOW

• Shogun: hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. Shoguns were appointed by the emperor. The emperor has power similar the queen of England today whereas the Shogun has power similar to the Prime Minister.

• Daimyo: were the powerful territorial lords who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings. Subordinate only to the shogun, daimyo were the most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the middle 19th century in Japan.

• Shogunate: a feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1600 and 1868

• Feudalism: a system for structuring society around lords who lend out their land to peasants in exchange for food and labor.

BEFORE THE SHOGUNS

• After 100 years of fighting, a series of three men established themselves as overlords of Japan

• Credited with centralizing the feudal system in Japan.

Oda Nobunaga

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Togugawa Ieyasu

ODA NOBUNAGA

• Captured the city of Kyoto through a series of conquests and alliances.

• This ended the Ashikaga shogunate and 100 years of war.

• Before defeating all his rivals, however, he was wounded and eventually committed suicide.

TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI

• Ruled after the death of Oda.

• Consolidated power by

• defeating major daimyo in battle

• forcing others to pledge loyalty

• Taking away lands and therefore taking away power.

• Attempted to invade Korea, but failed and died.

TOKUGAWA IEYSAU

• Reigned after Yoshi.

• Moved the capital to Tokyo.

• Established the Tokugawa Shogunate.

TOKUGAWA RULE

• was a feudal Japanese military government

• The heads of government were the shoguns and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan.

• Within each domain, the daimyo governed as an almost absolute ruler.

• Local peasants paid taxes to support the daimyo and the samurai that served him.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• Very rigid, no mobility.

• The class you’re born into is the class you stay.

• How does this differ from China?

Shogun

Daimyo

Samurai

Farmers/peasants

Artisans

Merchants

MAINTAINING CONTROL

• Tokugawa kept the daimyos in check to stay in power:

• Forbid alliances.

• Forced to spend every other year in Tokyo.

• Turned warriors into courtiers.

• Tokyo was expensive keeping daimyo wealth in check.

• Strong central government gave 200 years of stability to Japan.

• And like China, Japan wanted to end contact with Europeans. Became isolationists.

BUT WHY??

THE PORTUGUESE…AGAIN

• Traders brought with them muskets and Christianity.

• Samurai disliked muskets b/c it didn’t need skill

• Jesuits were seen as a threat to rulers due to allegiance to the pope.

• The response?

• Kick the Portuguese out

• Prohibit international trade

• Prohibit traveling abroad.

• Island geography allowed Japan to stay isolated.

QUESTION

•How does this compare to China’s experience and decisions after contact with Europeans?

END OF ISOLATIONISM

THE AMERICANS WANT IN

• In 1853, President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan to negotiate a treaty that would guarantee the safety of U.S. sailors and open ports for trade.

• Led to the Treaty of Kanagawa.

• Opened 2 ports

• Were allowed to est. consulates

• Soon after, other Europeans countries signed similar treaties.

• Question: do you think the Japanese had a choice??

THE END OF THE SHOGUNS

• Opening up to the West led to major disagreements and eventually Civil War.

• The Tokugawa Shogunate came to an official end in 1868, with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa Shogun.

• Began the "restoration" of imperial rule.

• Despite this, the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate brought Japan the longest period of peace and stability in its history, lasting over 200 years.

WHAT IS A SAMURAI? ACTIVITY

• Read the primary and secondary sources and follow the instructions at the top of the sheet to complete the assignment.

• FYI

• Kimono are T-shaped, straight-lined robes worn so that the hem falls to the ankle, with attached collars and long, wide sleeves. Kimono are wrapped around the body, always with the left side over the right and secured by a sash called an obi, which is tied at the back. Kimono are generally worn with traditional footwear (especially zōri or geta) and split-toe socks (tabi).