Tokugawa Shogunate of JapanF O C U S Q U E S T I O N : H O W WA S T H E TO K U G AWA S H O G U N AT E A B L E TO G A I N , M A I N TA I N , A N D C O N S O L I D AT E P O W E R ?

D O - N O W : TA K E O U T YO U R H O M E W O R K . G R A B YO U R L E A R N I N G TA R G E T N OT E B O O K A N D A N S W E R T H E Q U E S T I O N : C O M PA R E A N D C O N T R A S T T H E OT TO M A N E M P I R E A N D M U G H A L E M P I R E .

H O M E W O R K : Q U I Z M O V E D TO T H U R S D AY D U E TO T H E P E P R A L LY. E X T R A H E L P TO D AY A N D TO M O R R O W D U R I N G 9 T H P E R I O D. M A K E S U R E TO R E V I E W E N D U R I N G I S S U E S .

Learning Target

Notebook

September 17th

Focus Question:

Compare and contrast the Ottoman and Mughal Empires.

Please neatly place your notebooks in the center of each table. Thank you!

The Mughal Empire under AkbarAkbar wanted to unite India under his rule. He created a strong military to extend the empire along with expanding the bureaucracy to maintain control of the empire and new territories. Akbar eliminated the tax on non-Muslims to promote religious toleration and Hindus were allowed to govern with their own laws and have control over their institutions. Hindus were appointed to the government and Muslims were ordered to respect cows, which Hindus viewed as sacred. The Ibadat Khana was built which was a meeting house where Akbar would converse with scholars from all over the world to learn about various religions and cultures. In addition to promoting religious toleration, Akbar pushed for social and economic reforms. He welcomed international trade which resulted in strong trading relationships with the Ottoman Empire and Europeans. His rule brought peace and prosperity to India, which helped art, literature, and architecture flourish.

The Mughal Empire under Jahangir and Shah Jahan

After the death of Akbar, his son Jahangir took the throne. Following the reforms of his father, Jahangir continued appointing Hindus and Muslims to the court. Urdu which was a blend of Arabic, Persian, and Hindi became the official language of the empire. Further trading contacts with Europe were established which made India become a major trading destination known for its cotton textiles. Art and architecture continued to flourish with monuments, gardens, and palaces being built throughout the empire. His son, Shah Jahan, followed in his father’s footsteps and is most remembered for the Taj Mahal. After the death of his wife, Shah Jahan commissioned the tomb to be built “as beautiful as she was beautiful”. Shah Jahan eventually became ill and his four sons battled for power. The third son, Aurangzeb, took control of the empire.

The Mughal Empire under AurangzebAurangzeb was an excellent military tactician and expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent. He maintained control for half a century in which he was both respected and feared. One of his major goals was to purify Islam in India and rid it of Hindu influences. He imposed Sharia law, and prohibited the building of Hindu temples and celebration of Hindu festivals. This resulted in a series of revolts, but Aurangzeb was still able to maintain control until his death. This led to the decline of the empire as weak emperors were unable to maintain control. The Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English all had an established trading presence in India for over two centuries. With the declining empire, European powers were able to take advantage of the situation and establish political and economic control.

Geography of Japan

•What two countries are nearest to Japan?

• Japan is an island country, not a mainland country. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being an island country?

Gallery Walk: Tokugawa Shogunate

Directions: You will be completing a gallery walk in which you will visit a series of stations regarding life in the Tokugawa Shogunate. You may work with a partner if you would like.

•Station 1: Society in Tokugawa Japan

•Station 2: Culture in Tokugawa Japan

•Station 3: Contact Between Europe and Japan

•Station 4: Japan turns to Isolation

Station 1: Society in Tokugawa Japan

•How was the Tokugawa Shogunate able to maintain control over Japan?

•Describe the changes in Japanese society during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Station 2: Culture in Tokugawa Japan

•Describe traditional Japanese culture during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

•Describe new cultural achievements during the Tokugawa Shogunate.

Station 3: Contact Between Europe and Japan

•How did the Japanese initially react to Europeans?

•How did the Tokugawa Shogunate maintain control over religion in Japan?

Station 4: Japan turns to Isolation

•Why did Japan turn to isolation?

•How was the Tokugawa Shogunate able to consolidate control over trade?

Excerpts from the Sakoku Edict of 1635

Japanese ships are strictly forbidden to leave for foreign countries.

No Japanese is permitted to go abroad. If there is anyone who attempts to do so secretly, he must be executed. The ship so involved must be impounded and its

owner arrested, and the matter must be reported to the higher authority.

If any Japanese returns from overseas after residing there, he must be put to death.

If there is any place where the teachings of padres (Christian priests) is practiced, a thorough investigation must be ordered.

Samurai are not permitted to purchase any goods originating from foreign ships directly from Chinese merchants in Nagasaki.

Learning Target Notebook

Tuesday, September 17th

Learning Target Question:

How was the Tokugawa Shogunate able to gain, maintain, and consolidate power?

Please place your notebooks back in the center of the table neatly, thank you!