Tohono Affirmative - DDI 2015 SWS

8/16/2019 Tohono Affirmative - DDI 2015 SWS

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Notes THOMAS BROOKS ([email protected]) and CHAR!S HOR"(chorn#$@st%d&nts.'olt&chnic.org)

SS

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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1acThe United States federal government should cease its border

surveillance activities on the Tohono O’odham Nation.


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Contention 1 is the AdvantageThe Tohono O’odham Nation is a Native American nation thathas existed in what is now eastern Ariona and northern!exico for thousands of "ears. #ollowing the !exican$American %ar& the US$!exican border was redrawn thoughTohono land without consulting the 'eo'le.(il'atric)& 1* (Kat&. R&'ort&r*!ditor at Al +a,&&ra Am&rica. -.S./M&0ico Bord&rr&aks Ha1oc on i1&s o2 an 3ndig&no%s 4&s&rt Trib&.- Aljazeera America. ".'.5 67Ma 68#9. &b. #7 +%l 68#7.)TB

For thousands of years, the Tohono O’odham (meaning “Desert People”) inhabited what is today

southern ri!ona and the northern state of "onora in #e$i%o& 'ut the O’odham were there long before either #e$i%o or the &"& e$isted as nations& “e’*e always been here,” said my +uan,

-, a young a%ti*ist on the reser*ation& “.obody %an argue that we weren’t here first& ” fter the

#e$i%an/meri%an ar , the international boundary between the &"& and #e$i%o was drawn at the0ila 1i*er, 2ust north of the O’odham an%estral lands& 'ut the 0adsden Pur%hase in 3-45 redrew

the border right through O’odham territory& The O’odham were ne*er %onsulted& “They 2ust drew

a line, and when they drew that line O’odham in ri!ona be%ame %iti!ens or were %onsidered part of the &"&, O’odham in #e$i%o of %ourse were not,” said 6arlos 0& 7el8!/9b:;e!, dire%tor

of the "%hool of Transborder "tudies at ri!ona "tate ni*ersity& “nli33, O’odham li*ing on the &"& reser*ation were for%ed

to deal with the unintended %onse?uen%es of a militari!ed border@ 'order Patrol agents harass

and treat them as undo%umented migrants on their so*ereign land& Their desert lands%ape andwildlife get %lobbered by migrants, traffi%


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Operating Base, whi%hA as with U.S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan Aare small, make-shift

bases to facilitate “tactical operations” in remote regions& +oint Tas< For%e "ubstation that they ha*e on the reser*ation is

supposedly a %ollaboration between 6ustoms and 'order Prote%tion (6'PA'order Patrols parent agen%y) and the Tohono O’odham .ation

Poli%e Department, but loo


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'r&1&nt th& Tohono Oodham '&o'l& 2rom bringing 2rom on& 'art o2 th&ir land toanoth&r ra mat&rials and goods &ss&ntial 2or th&ir s'irit%alit 5 &conom andtraditional c%lt%r&. 6

The exaggerated threat across the border in the name of

national securit" is sim'l" thinl" veiled racism.ivas& 2(O2&lia5 Tohono born and acti1ist Fghting 2or c%lt%ral 2r&&dom53mmigration5 3m'&rialism and C%lt%ral &nocid&? An int&r1i& ith OJodham Acti1istO2&lia Ri1as conc&rning th& &I&cts o2 a 'ro'os&d all on th& S * M&0ico bord&r5

Th& Solidarit Groj&ct5 int&r1i&&d b +&I H&ndri05htt'?**.tiamat'%blications.com*docs*im'&rialismint&r1i&articl&.'d2 5 Acc&ss&dE*#7*#7) CH

Th& Lill&gal immigration 'robl&m b&cam& a 'robl&m on OJodham lands h&n th& nit&d St at&s go1&rnm&nt r&dir&ct&d th& No o2 Lill&gal tracking 2rom T&0as andCali2ornia and 2%nn&l&d th& No thro%gh OJodham lands5 2&d&ral lands on th& nti&dStat&s sid& and isolat&d OJodham comm%niti&s and 2arms and ranch&s on th&

M&0ican sid&. 3n th& nam& o2 Lnational s&c%rit th& Am&rican sst&m clam's donon Lill&gal immigration . L3ll&gal immigration 2rom M&0ico has no b&com& animm&ns& thr&at accrding to th& go1&rnm&nt. Th& so/call&d Lt&rrorist act onAm&rica is 'ro'aganda Am&rica as 2o%nd&d on t&rrorist acts %'on 3ndig&no%s'&o'l&s o2 th&s& lands. Th& tr%th o2 th& matt&r is that most Am&ricans li1& in d&nialo2 th& criminal acts o2 g&nocid& and massacr& and 2orc&d assimilation o2 3ndig&no%s'&o'l&s o2 th&s& lands. Th& tr%th is th& thr&at against national s&c%rit is %s&d asth& basis 2or th& incr&as&d Lmonitoring o2 th& bord&rs and L&n2orc&m&nt o 2immigration las and criminali,ation o2 h%manitarian acts b th& OJodham andoth&r '&o'l&s. Th& r&al L'robl&m is racism and discrimination th& majorit o2 th&'&o'l& coming 2rom M&0ico ar& bron skinn&d and 'oor.

The /order 0atrols ever 'resent 'resence ma)es the Nation amilitaried land& 3lled with s'otlights and wea'ons. This4556+A5 occu'ation of the Tohono reservation means that theTohono are alwa"s alread" considered illegal and sto''ed toas) for 'a'ers. This destro"s heir right to move freel" on theirlands and destro"s their cultural determinationSingleton -(Sara5 +an%ar 688;5 GH4 in 'olitical sci&nc&5 and associat& 'ro2&ssorat &st&rn ashington 5 "ot o%r bord&rs? 3ndig&no%s '&o'l& and th& str%ggl& tomaintain shar&d li1&s and c%lt%r&s in 'ost/;*## "orth Am&rica5 Bord&r Golic

R&s&arch 3nstit%t&5 htt'?**.%.&d%*b'ri*Fl&s*688;+anG"o9.'d25 Acc&ss&dE*#P*#7) CH

3n #$9$5 th& Tr&at o2 %adal%'& Hidalgo &stablish&d th& bo%ndar lin& b&t&&n th&.S. and M&0ico at th& ila Ri1&r5 hich m&ant that th& t&rritori&s o2 th& '&o'l&knon as th& Tohono OJodham b&cam& 'art o2 M&0ico. :i1& &ars lat&r5 th&adsd&n G%rchas& &stablish&d th& so%th&rn bo%ndar o2 th& nit&d Stat&s at its'r&s&nt location5 and in so doing5 bis&ct&d th& t&rritor o2 th& Tohono OJodham.

http://www.tiamatpublications.com/docs/imperialism_interview_article.pdfhttp://www.tiamatpublications.com/docs/imperialism_interview_article.pdf


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Toda5 th& r&s&r1ation is com'ris&d o2 6.$ million acr&s (abo%t th& si,& o2Conn&ctic%t)5 ab%tting E7 mil&s o2 th& M&0ican bord&r5 and r&ach&s across th&bord&r into north&rn Sonora5 M&0ico. Th& Tohono OJodham "ation has abo%t 6E5888m&mb&rs5 mor& than a tho%sand o2 hom li1& across th& bord&r in M&0ico. Abo%thal2 o2 th& P B&t&&n T&0as and Cali2ornia5 th&r& ar& &ight trib&s ith comm%niti&s

on both sid&s o2 th& bord&r? K%m&aa5 Coco'ah5 Tohono OJodham5 =aQ%i5 ila Ri1&rGima5 =a1a'ai5 =sl&ta d&l S%r (Tira) and Kicka'oo. "ot o%r bord&rs? 3ndig&no%s'&o'l& and th& str%ggl& to maintain shar&d li1&s and c%lt%r&s in 'ost/ ;*## "orthAm&rica r&maining tribal m&mb&rs li1& on th& r&s&r1ation. :or th& Tohono OJodham5th& =aQ%i and oth&r nati1& '&o'l& o2 th& r&gion5 th& 2r&&dom to tra1&l th& man'aths criss/cross ing th& bord&r has alas b&&n &ss&ntialto gath&r m&dicinal'lants5 to coll&ct a t'& o2 cla %s&d at childbirth5 or to 'ractic& th& ann%al ro%nd o2c&r&moni&s that s%stain th& traditional r&ligion and c%lt%r&. hil& at th& tim& o2tr&ati&s th& Tohono OJodham &r& not grant&d d%al citi,&nshi' nor gi1&n &0'licit'&rmission to mo1& 2r&&l across th& bord&r5 cross/bord&r tra1&l 2or ork5 2orsociali,ing and 2or 'artici'ation in r&ligio%s c&r&moni&s as an &stablish&d andacc&'t&d 'ractic& 2or mor& than a c&nt%r. 3n th& mid/#;$8s that b&gan to chang&5and b th& mid/#;;8s5 it b&gan to chang& dramaticall. Toda5 'arts o2 th& 2orm&rlQ%i&t5 isolat&d r&s&r1ation ha1& b&&n trans2orm&d into an ar&a bristling ith&a'ons 5 n& roads5 s'otlights and militar s%r1&illanc& 1&hicl&s . B&ginning in th&#;;8s5 a s&ri&s o2 strat&gic d&cisions &r& mad& b 2&d&ral ag&nci&s to clam' donon ill&gal &ntr at 'o'%lar bord&r crossing 'oints b&ginning in San 4i&go5Cali2ornia5 ith LO'&ration at&k&&'&r (#;;9)5 lat&r s'r&ading &astard ithLO'&ration Sa2&g%ard (#;;7) in c&ntral Ari,ona5 and th&n LO'&ration Rio rand&in th& so%th&rnmost ti' o2 T&0as in #;;$.


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onl to tribal m&mb&rs ho &r& citi,&ns o2 th& nit&d Stat&s5 and a r&striction o2hat s&r1ic&s o%ld b& 'ro1id&d to M&0ican OJodham hil& in th& nit&d Stat&s.

Th& trib& agr&&d to com'romis& on th&s& to cla%s&s. A third cla%s& b&cam& th&sticking 'oint. Th& 2&d&ral go1&rnm&nt ant&d th& OJodham to cross onl at ocialbord&r crossings .7$ hil& this ma s&&m to b& a minor 'oint5 2or th& OJodham it

as an attack on ho th& ar& as a '&o'l& and as a so1&r&ign nation . Th& OJodhamha1& b&&n in th& ar&a sinc& tim& imm&morial. Th& ha1& anci&nt migrator 'att&rnsand s&ttl&m&nt sit&s that ar& im'ortant c%lt%rall and traditionall . :%rth&r5 gi1&nth& si,& o2 th& Tohono OJodham r&s&r1ation (ro%ghl th& si,& o2 Conn&ctic%t) thiso%ld r&Q%ir& man Tohono OJodham to tra1&l gr&at distanc&s to cross th& bord&r.

Th& trib& is %nilling to gi1& %' th&s& traditional crossing 'lac&s on tribal land.h&n this dis'%t& co%ld not b& r&sol1&d5 th& trib& r&Q%&st&d that th& s'onsor o2 th&bill '%ll it 2rom consid&ration.7; This ass&rtion o2 tribal so1&r&ignt and commitm&ntto tradition as to b&com& a sign'ost o2 th& str%ggl& .

%e’ll isolate 8 im'act scenarios9


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#irst im'act is cultural degradationThe best ho'e for the Tohono to remain culturall" intact is toengage in self$determination of cultural values. Our continuedillegal 'resence will result in the extinction of the tohono

culture. Sovereignt" cannot be se'arated from the 'eo'le orculture& an" infringement of their culture results in the totalextinction of the Tohono.%iessner& 5aw 0rofessor at St Thomas Universit"& 8::; (Si&g2ri&d5L3ndig&no%s So1&r&ignt? A R&ass&ssm&nt in ight o2 th& " 4&claration on th&Rights o2 3ndig&no%s G&o'l&s5


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l&ad&r5 Kirk& Kickingbird5 Lcannot b& s&'arat&d 2rom '&o'l& or th&ir c%lt%r&.1-: 3nthis 1&in5 Taiaiak& Al2r&d a''&als 2or a 'roc&ss o2 Ld&/thinking so1&r&ignt. H&stat&s? So1&r&ignt . . . is a social cr&ation. 3t is not an obj&cti1& or nat%ral'h&nom&non5 b%t th& r&s%lt o2 choic&s mad& b m&n and om&n5 indicati1& o2 aminds&t locat&d in5 rath&r than a nat%ral 2orc& cr&ati1& o25 a social and 'olitical

ord&r. Th& r&iFcation o2 so1&r&ignt in 'olitics toda is th& r&s%lt o2 a tri%m'h o2 a'artic%lar s&t o2 id&as o1&r oth&rsno mor& nat%ral to th& orld than an oth&rman/mad& obj&ct.

Also& lac) of mobilit" is causing the demise of the Tohono wa"of life. The result is legal cultural genocide.ivas& 2(O2&lia5 Tohono born and acti1ist Fghting 2or c%lt%ral 2r&&dom53mmigration5 3m'&rialism and C%lt%ral &nocid&? An int&r1i& ith OJodham Acti1istO2&lia Ri1as conc&rning th& &I&cts o2 a 'ro'os&d all on th& S * M&0ico bord&r5

Th& Solidarit Groj&ct5 int&r1i&&d b +&I H&ndri05htt'?**.tiamat'%blications.com*docs*im'&rialismint&r1i&articl&.'d2 5 Acc&ss&d

E*#7*#7) TBThe traditional Oodham %ulture mandated by the 6reator, and taught by our Ilder 'rother 9’itoi in our

tea%hings, designated areas of most i m portan%e to the O’odham & These are areas of signifi%ant

importan%e and th e o*erall sa%redness of the entire original lands of the O’odham & ll these areas ha*e a

si gnifi%ant part of the Jim ’ dag K the way of life of the O’odham & "ome pla%e m i ght be de sig n ated

for the m e n or for the wom e nL M som e pla%es m i ght hold spe%ial %lay s for bi rth i ng %erem onies or

death %erem onies& "om e pla%e m i ght ha*e spe%ial rites of pass age fo r m e di %ine peop le& "om e pla%e

is where %erem onies are held& ll these p l a%es ha*e songs and grow spe%ial herbs and m e di%ines that

the O’odham use& The signifi%ant dem i se of the O’odham %u lture begun at the %om i ng of the foreign

religions but the greatest i pa%t was the loss of mobility upon the land& The O’odham fa%e restri%tions to

%ontinue *ital pilgrim a ge s to holy sites & e are re?uired to %arry do%ument to tra*el on our lands & Thedisse%ting of O’odham la nds also %aused segregation and dis%rimination against the O’odham & "ome

O’odham didn’t see a problem in go*ernm e nt handouts su%h as go*ernm e nt food ra tions, go*ernm e nt%ommodities, then finally go*ernm e nt so%ial aid& The trad itio nal O’odham saw this as dependen%e and

la!iness, but m o re im portantly it infringed upon the O’odham beliefs of ta


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34!"T3T= O" TH! .S./M!>3CO BOR4!R5 Ari,ona ni1&rsit5 Acc&ss&d E*#X*#75htt'?**ari,ona.o'&nr&'ositor.com*ari,ona*bitstr&am*#8#78*#;P$#7*#*a,%&td#8E$6si'#m.'d2 ) CH

3n A%g%st 688X a grassroots indig&no%s organi,ation nam&d th& Alian,a 3ndYg&naSin :ront&ras (3ndig&no%s Allianc& itho%t Bord&rs)5 h&ld a s&ri&s o2 &1&nts in

T%cson5 Ari,ona to &d%cat& th& '%blic on indig&no%s bord&r conc&rns5 to join ithoth&r conc&rn&d m&mb&rs o2 so%th&rn bord&r indig&no%s comm%niti&s5 and tostrat&gi,& 2or %nit&d indig&no%s social action on th& bord&r. Th& Frst o2 th&s& &1&ntsas a 'r&ss con2&r&nc& h&ld in a T%cson '%blic librar. At this 'r&ss con2&r&nc&5

=aQ%i c&r&monial l&ad&rs s'ok& o2 c&r&monial it&ms b&ing mishandl&d andconFscat&d b bord&r ocials. Th& s'ok& o2 th& 'robl&ms 2ac&d b c&r&moniall&ad&rs and 'artici'ants in crossing th& bord&r 2or c&r&monial acti1iti&s. =aQ%i andOJodham comm%nit m&mb&rs s'ok& abo%t th& loss o2 lang%ag& and c&r&monialknol&dg& in comm%niti&s on both sid&s o2 th& int&rnational bord&r5 and th& n&&dto str&ngth&n c%lt%ral and c&r&monial ti&s across th& int&rnational lin&. 4&nnisMan%&l5 a Tohono OJodham &ld&r and comm%nit acti1ist orking to 'rot&ct th&

OJodham sacr&d ar&as o2 BaboQ%i1ari '&ak5 stat&d that Bord&r Gatrol station&d onOJodham lands &r& dri1ing thro%gh OJodham sacr&d ar&as5 ca%sing damag& to th&land and c%lt%ral arti2acts in th&s& ar&as. 3n a orksho' host&d b th& Alian,a3ndYg&na on th& 2olloing Sat%rda5 &0&c%ti1& dir&ctor o2 th& K%m&aa Bord&r Task:orc& in Cali2ornia5 o%is %assac5 s'ok& against th& 4&'artm&nt o2 Hom&landS&c%ritJs 'lans 2or bord&r all constr%ction that o%ld L'lo thro%gh K%m&aaanc&stral gra1&sit&s. Th& T%cson bord&r indig&no%s comm%nit &1&nts organi,&d inA%g%st 688X mark&d th& b&ginning o2 a cam'aign la%nch&d b th& Alian,a 3ndYg&naSin :ront&ras to organi,& indig&no%s comm%nit action in s%''ort o2 national 'olicg%id&lin&s that #8 o%ld 'rot&ct indig&no%s '&o'l&sJ Lrights o2 mobilit and'assag&5 as &ll as indig&no%s &n1ironm&ntal and c%lt%ral r&so%rc&s. O1&r to

&ars lat&r5 bord&r all constr%ction 2rom Cali2ornia to T&0as contin%&s. Th& S&c%r&:&nc& and R&al 3.4. Acts contin%& to allo th& ai1ing o2 &n1ironm&ntal and c%lt%ral'rot&ction las 2or bord&r all constr%ction and oth&r Lbord&r s&c%rit m&as%r&s.O1&r si0t/nin& OJodham anc&stral gra1&s ha1& b&&n %n&arth&d and c%lt%ralarti2acts dist%rb&d 2or bord&r all constr%ction5 and OJodham acti1ist 4&nnis Man%&lr&'orts r%mor&d 'lans 2or a n& S&c%r& Bord&r s' to&r to b& constr%ct&d in th&BaboQ%i1ari sacr&d ar&a. =&t5 th& Alian,a 3ndYg&na Sin :ront&ras and its comm%nit'artn&rs contin%& to ad1ocat& 2or th& rights o2 bord&r indig&no%s '&o'l&s5 and tos'&ak against th& c%rr&nt 'olici&s in 'lac& to &n2orc& th& int&rnational bord&r lin&that di1id&s th&ir comm%niti&s

The inevitable conclusion of cultural infringement on theTohono is social death and genocide.Short 1:(4ami&n5 GH4 and dir&ctor o2 h%man rights at ondon ni1&rsit5"o1&mb&r 68#85 TH! 3"T!R"AT3O"A +OR"A O: HMA" R3HTS5 C%lt%ralg&nocid& and indig&no%s '&o'l&s? a sociological a''roach5 acc&ss&d E*#9*#7) CH

http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdfhttp://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdfhttp://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdfhttp://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdf


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:or thos& indig&no%s '&o'l&s Fghting to r&tain or r&gain th&ir lands th& ar& Fghting2or th&ir li2& as distinct '&o'l&s sinc&5 2or th&m5 th&ir s'irit%alit and c%lt%ral 1italitis bas&d in and on and ith th&ir lands. 32 & tak& this 'oint s&rio%sl h&n thisr&lationshi' is 2orcibl int&rr%'t&d and br&aks don & can onl concl%d& thatg&nocid& is occ%rring. 3nd&&d5 h&n indig&no%s '&o'l&s5 ho ha1& a 'hsical5

c%lt%ral and s'irit%al conn&ction to th&ir land5 ar& 2orcibl dis'oss&ss&d and&strang&d 2rom th&ir lands th& in1ariabl &0'&ri&nc& Usocial d&athJ and th%sg&nocid&. :%rth&rmor&5 h&n indig&no%s lands ar& %s&d b &0tracti1& ind%stri&s th&inh&r&nt cor'orat& 'r&2&r&nc& 2or &0t&rnalising &n1ironm&ntal costs can l&ad to'hsical5 as &ll as c%lt%ral d&str%ction. Th& tar sands 'roj&ct is a 'rim& &0am'l& o2this.

This outweighs all im'acts.Short 1:(4ami&n5 GH4 and dir&ctor o2 h%man rights at ondon ni1&rsit5"o1&mb&r 68#85 TH! 3"T!R"AT3O"A +OR"A O: HMA" R3HTS5 C%lt%ral

g&nocid& and indig&no%s '&o'l&s? a sociological a''roach5 acc&ss&d E*#9*#7) CH

Th& s&cond &l&m&nt o2 &mkinJs 'rior 2orm%lation5 1andalism th& d&str%ction o2c%lt%r& as no a t&chniQ%& o2 gro%' d&str%ction.96 &mkinJs c&ntral ontologicalass&rtion h&r& as that c%lt%r& int&grat&s h%man soci&ti&s and cons&Q%&ntl is an&c&ssar 'r&/condition 2or th& r&alisation o2 indi1id%al mat&rial n&&ds. :or &mkin5c%lt%r& is as 1ital to gro%' li2& as indi1id%al 'hsical &ll/b&ing? So/call&d d&ri1&dn&&ds5 ar& j%st as n&c&ssar to th&ir &0ist&nc& as th& basic 'hsiologicaln&&ds....Th&s& n&&ds Fnd &0'r&ssion in social instit%tions or5 to %s& ananthro'ological t&rm5 th& c%lt%r& &thos. 32 th& c%lt%r& o2 a gro%' is 1iol&ntl%nd&rmin&d5 th& gro%' its&l2 disint&grat&s and its m&mb&rs m%st &ith&r b&com&

absorb&d in oth&r c%lt%r&s hich is a ast&2%l and 'ain2%l 'roc&ss or s%cc%mb to'&rsonal disorgani,ation and5 '&rha's5 'hsical d&str%ction....(Th%s) th& d&str%ctiono2 c%lt%ral smbols is g&nocid&...(3t) Um&nac&s th& &0ist&nc& o2 th& social gro%'hich &0ists b 1irt%& o2 its common c%lt%r&J.9P UThis Q%otation gi1&s %s cl%&s to&mkinJs conc&'tion o2 g&nocid&. H& as mor& conc&rn&d ith th& loss o2 c%lt%r&than th& loss o2 li2&5 J99 as c%lt%r& is th& social 2abric o2 a g&n%s . 3nd&&d5 in &mkinJs2orm%lation5 c%lt%r& is th& %nit o2 coll&cti1& m&mor5 h&r&b th& l&gaci&s o2 th&d&ad can b& k&'t ali1& and &ach c%lt%ral gro%' has its on %niQ%& distincti1& g&ni%sd&s&r1ing o2 'rot&ctio n.97 "ational c%lt%r& 2or &mkin is an &ss&ntial &l&m&nt o2orld c%lt%r& and nations ha1& a li2& o2 th&ir on com'arabl& to th& li2& o2 anindi1id%al. On this 'oint &mkin rot&? Th& orld r&'r&s&nts onl so m%ch c%lt%r&and int&ll&ct%al 1igo%r as ar& cr&at&d b its com'on&nt national gro%'s. Th&d&str%ction o2 a nation5 th&r&2or&5 r&s%lts in th& loss o2 its 2%t%r& contrib%tions to th&orld. Mor&o1&r5 s%ch a d&str%ction oI&nds o%r 2&&lings o2 moralit and j%stic& inm%ch th& sam& a as do&s th& criminal killing o2 a h%man b&ing? th& crim& in th&on& cas& as in th& oth&r is m%rd&r5 tho%gh on a 1astl gr&at&r scal&.


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Second im'act is violence/order 0atrol agents regularl" commit acts of 'h"sical violenceagainst Tohono 'eo'le all through the reservation under theguise of loo)ing for 'a'ers.

Norrell& 1* (Br&nda. G%blish&r o2 C&nsor&d "&s5 n&s r&'ort&r o2 "ati1&Am&rican n&s 2or P6 &ars5 li1&d on "a1ajoland 2or #$ &ars. -Tohono OJodhamo1&rnm&nt and Golic& Corr%'tion G&r'&t%at&s S Bord&r Gatrol


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66/68#95 -Tomgram? Todd Mill&r5 Th& Cr&ation o2 a Bord&r S&c%rit Stat&5- Tomdis'atch5 htt'?**.tomdis'atch.com*blog*#E7$P9*tomgramZPAtoddmill&r5th&cr&ationo2abord&rs&c%ritstat&*)

B&2or& ;*##5 th&r& as littl& 2&d&ral 'r&s&nc& on th& Tohono OJodham r&s&r1ation.Sinc& th&n5 th& &0'ansion o2 th& Bord&r Gatrol into "ati1& Am&rican t&rritor has

b&&n r&l&ntl&ss. "o5 Hom&land S&c%rit stations 5 Fll&d ith h%ndr&ds o2 ag&nts(man hir&d in a 688E/688; hiring bing&)5 circl& th& r&s&r1ation. B%t %nlik& bo%nc&rsat a cl%b5 th& ch&ck '&o'l& going o%t5 not h&ading in. On &1&r 'a1&d road l&a1ingth& r&s&r1ation5 th&ir ch&ck'oints 2orm a s&cond bord&r. Th&r&5 arm&d ag&nts //&1&r mor& o2 hom ar& 1&t&rans o2 Am&ricaJs distant ars // int&rrogat& anon&ho l&a1&s. 3n addition5 th&r& ar& to L2orard o'&rating bas&s on th& r&s&r1ation5hich ar& m&ant to 'la th& rol& // 2acilitating tactical o'&rations in r&mot& r&gions// that similar cam's did in A2ghanistan and 3raQ. "o5 thanks to th& !lbit Sst&mscontract5 a n& kind o2 bord&r ill contin%& to b& add&d to this la&ring. 3magin&'art o2 th& 2%t%ristic Gho&ni0 &0hibition hall l&a1ing Bord&r !0'o ith th& goal o2incor'orating its&l2 into th& lands o2 a '&o'l& ho &r& li1ing h&r& b&2or& th&r& as

a L"& orld5 no l&ss a nit&d Stat&s or a Bord&r Gatrol. Tho%gh this isincr&asingl th& r&alit 2rom Brons1ill&5 T&0as5 to San 4i&go5 Cali2ornia5 on TohonoOJodham land a 'ost/;*## ar 'ost%r& shad&s %ncom2ortabl into th& l&2to1&rs 2roma nin&t&&nth c&nt%r 3ndian ar. Think o2 it as th& 'lac& h&r& th& hom&lands&c%rit stat& m&&ts its old&r com'atriot5 Mani2&st 4&stin. On th& gat& at th&&ntranc& to h&r ho%s&5 Tohono OJodham m&mb&r O2&lia Ri1as has '%t %' a signstating that th& Bord&r Gatrol canJt &nt&r itho%t a arrant. 3t ma b& a Fn&s&ntim&nt5 r&N&cting a right &mbodi&d in th& .S. Constit%tion5 b%t in th& &&s o2th& Lla5 itJs anci&nt histor. Onl a mil& 2rom th& int&rnational bo%ndar5 h&rho%s& is &ll ithin th& 67/mil& ,on& in hich th& Bord&r Gatrol can &nt&r anon&Js'ro'&rt itho%t a arrant. Th&s& 'o&rs mak& th& CBG a s%'&r/2orc& in

com'arison to th& local la &n2orc&m&nt o%tFts it collaborat&s ith. Altho%gh CBGcan &nt&r 'ro'&rt arrantl&ssl5 it still n&&ds a arrant to &nt&r som&bodJsd&lling. 3n th& small comm%nit h&r& Ri1as li1&s5 knon as Ali +&gk5 th& ag&ntsha1& o1&rst&''&d &1&n its &0tra/constit%tional bo%nds ith Lhom& in1asions (as'&o'l& call th&m). Thro%gho%t th& Tohono OJodham "ation5 '&o'l& com'lain abo%tHom&land S&c%rit 1&hicl&s dri1ing at high s'&&ds and tailgating on th& roads. Th&com'lain abo%t blinding s'otlights5 1&hicl& '%ll/o1&rs5 and %n&0'&ct&dint&rrogations. Th& Bord&r Gatrol has '%ll&d OJodham tribal m&mb&rs o%t o2 cars 5'&''&r/s'ra&d th&m5 and b&at&n th&m ith batons. As local r&sid&nt +os&'h :lor&stold a T%cson t&l&1ision station5 L3t 2&&ls lik& &Jr& b&ing atch&d all th& tim&.Anoth&r man comm&nt&d5 L3 2&&l lik& 3 ha1& no ci1il rights. On th& r&s&r1ation5

'&o'l& s'&ak not onl abo%t this n& orld o2 int&ns& s%r1&illanc&5 b%t also abo%tits ra im'act on th& Tohono OJodham '&o'l&? 1iol&nc& and s%bj%gation . Altho%ghth& tribal l&gislati1& co%ncil has collaborat&d &0t&nsi1&l ith Bord&r Gatrolo'&rations5 Griscilla &is s&&m&d to s%m %' th& s&ntim&nts o2 man OJodham at ano'&n h&aring in 68##? L Too m%ch harassm&nt5 2olloing th& rong '&o'l&5 alassto''ing %s5 incl%ding and &s'&ciall thos& ho look lik& M&0icans h&n dri1ing oralking in th& d&s&rt... Th& ha1& too m%ch domination o1&r %s. At h&r ho%s&5O2&lia Ri1as t&lls m& a stor. On& da5 sh& as dri1ing ith Tohono OJodham &ld&rs


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toards th& .S./M&0ican bord&r h&n a lo/Ning Blackhak h&lico't&r s&&mingl'ick&d th&m %' and b&gan 2olloing th&m. Hanging o%t o2 th& o'&n h&lico't&r doors&r& CBG g%nm&n5 sh& said. h&n th& cross&d th& bord&r into M&0ico5 th&h&lico't&r track&d th&m thro%gh a 2or&st o2 b&a%ti2%l sag%aro cacti hil& th&h&ad&d 2or a c&r&monial sit&5 67 mil&s so%th o2 th& bord&r. Th& &r&5 o2 co%rs&5

crossing hat as a non/bord&r to th& OJodham5 doing som&thing th& had don& 2ortho%sands o2 &ars. H&aring5 &1&n 2&&ling th& 1ibration o2 th& 'ro'&ll&rs5 on& o2 th&&ld&rs said5 L3 g%&ss & ar& going to di&. Th& la%gh&d5 Ri1as add&d5 as th&r& asnothing &ls& to do. Th& la%gh&d r&al hard. Th&n5 a mil& or so into M&0ico5 th&h&lico't&r t%rn&d back. Am&ricans ma incr&asingl ond&r h&th&r "SA ag&ntsar& sco%ring th&i r m&ta/data5 r&ading th&ir '&rsonal &mails5 and th& lik&. 3n th&bord&rlands no imagination is n&c&ssar . Th& s%r1&illanc& a''arat%s is in o%r 2ac&.

Th& high/'o&r&d cam&ras ar& 'oint&d at o% th& dron&s ar& abo1& o% o%Jr&sto''&d r&g%larl at ch&ck'oints and int&rrogat&d . Too bad i2 o%Jr& lat& 2or school5a m&&ting5 or an a''ointm&nt. And &1&n ors&5 i2 o%r skin com'l&0ion5 or th& ao%Jr& dr&ss&d5 or anthing abo%t o% s&ts oI alarm b&lls5 or th&r&Js som&thing thatdo&snJt sm&ll Q%it& right to th& CBGJs dogs // and s%ch dogs ar& a common'lac& inth& r&gion // b&ing a littl& lat& ill b& th& l&ast o2 o%r 'robl&ms. As Ri1as told m&5 at'ical &0chang& on th& r&s&r1ation might in1ol1& an ag&nt at a ch&ck'oint askingan OJodham oman h&th&r5 as sh& claim&d5 sh& as r&all going to th& groc&rstor& // and th&n d&manding that sh& sho him h&r groc&r list. G&o'l& on th&r&s&r1ation no o2t&n r&2&r to hat is ha''&ning as an arm&d Locc%'ation. Mik&ilson5 an OJodham m&mb&r ho has tri&d to '%t gallon j%gs o2 at&r along ro%t&sM&0ican migrants might tak& thro%gh th& r&s&r1ation5 s'&aks o2 th& Bord&r Gatrol asan Locc%'ing arm. 3tJs hardl s%r'rising. "&1&r b&2or& in th& "ationJs histor%nd&r S'ain5 M&0ico5 or th& nit&d Stat&s ha1& so man arm&d ag&nts b&&n 'r&s&nton th&ir land.

4n addition to direct acts of violence li)e assault& Tohono ares"stematicall" denied basic rights such as hos'itals ? this is amatter of life and death for an" Tohono member that evertravels south of the border.@ander'ool& = Tim


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introd%c&d l&gislation that o%ld grant S citi,&nshi' to all &nroll&d m&mb&rs o2 th&trib& / incl%ding thos& li1ing in M&0ico. S%''ort&rs s&& th& m&as%r& as a a tocorr&ct an -o1&rsight- that as mad& mor& than #78 &ars ago. B%t critics s&& it asgi1ing th& Oodham a s'&cial 'ri1il&g& / and s&tting a dang&ro%s 'r&c&d&nt 2orimmigration las. Th& dil&mma dat&s back to #$795 h&n th& Oodhams anc&stral

hom&land as hal1&d b th& adsd&n G%rchas&. Toda5 som& #5888 tribal m&mb&rsr&main scatt&r&d among small 1illag&s in north&rn M&0ico5 hil& in th& nit&dStat&s th&ir r&s&r1ation s'ans 95788 sQ%ar& mil&s5 incl%ding X8 mil&s o2 th& S/M&0ico bord&r. "o 345 no birth c&rtiFcat&s H&nr Ramon5 1ic& chairman o2 th&675888/m&mb&r Tohono Oodham "ation5 ho'&s R&'r&s&ntati1& rijal1as bill illcorr&ct a ling&ring inj%stic&. -ith o%r a o2 li2& h&r& on th& r&s&r1ation5 & dontalas ha1& doc%m&nts5- sas Mr. Ramon. -& &r& born in o%r hom&s5 and dontha1& birth c&rtiFcat&s D.- R&c&nt ill&gal immigration and s&c%rit crackdons on th&bord&r ha1& incr&as&d th& n&&d 2or s%ch doc%m&nts? "ot long ago5 a gro%' o2Oodham tra1&ling north 2rom th&ir M&0ican hom&s 2or m&dical h&l' on th&r&s&r1ation / s&r1ic&s accord&d th&m as r&gist&r&d tribal m&mb&rs / &r& s%mmarilsto''&d at th& bord&r and d&tain&d 2or ho%rs. :&d&ral ocials t%rn&d som& back.Man r&s&r1ation r&sid&nts in th& nit&d Stat&s also lack th& 'a'&rs n&&d&d totra1&l back and 2orth5 or &1&n to 'ro1& th& &r& born in this co%ntr. -M '&o'l&ha1& li1&d h&r& sinc& tim& imm&morial5- sas Ramon. -B%t man Oodham righth&r& on th& r&s&r1ation ar& consid&r&d ill&gal ali&ns - b&ca%s& th& lack doc%m&nts.R&cords o2 birth and d&ath5 h& sas5 -&r& j%st 'ass&d don b ord/o2/mo%th5 2romg&n&ration to g&n&ration.-

The continued attem'ts at assimilation and the violating of theTohono’s rights is 's"chological warfare and genocide b" theborder 'atrol.

ivas& 2(O2&lia5 Tohono born and acti1ist Fghting 2or c%lt%ral 2r&&dom53mmigration5 3m'&rialism and C%lt%ral &nocid&? An int&r1i& ith OJodham Acti1istO2&lia Ri1as conc&rning th& &I&cts o2 a 'ro'os&d all on th& S * M&0ico bord&r5


Grior to th& ;/## Lattack on Am&rica5 ashington 4.C. 'oliticians to%r&d th& bord&ralong th& r&s&r1ation and d&clar&d that th& &r& not r&s'onsibl& 2or th& &0isting Pcattl& 2&nc&5 stating that th& nit&s Stat&s go1&rnm&nt mark&d th& bord&r onl ithmark&rs. (Th& trib& as s&&king 2&d&ral assistanc& to r&'air th& cattl& 2&nc& alongth& bord&r d%& to cattl& r%stling and incr&as& o2 dr%g tracking). B%t no5 a2t&r ;/

##5 th& r&s&r1ation is %nd&r th& d&'artm&nt o2 hom&land s&c%rit control5 a 'olic&stat& 5 j%st lik& a'arth&id in So%th A2rica. OJodham no ha1& to carr doc%m&nts to'ro1& th& ar& OJodham in ord&r to mo1& aro%nd on th&ir on lands. Th&r&s&r1ation is no clos&d oI to th& m&dia and anon& 1oicing r&sistanc& againstthis sit%ation 2ac& s&rio%s cons&Q%&nc&s s%ch as harassm&nt5 arr&st and a loss o2'%blic s&r1ic&s 2rom th& tribal 'rograms. On& &0am'l& o2 this harassm&nt is m'&rsonal cas&. Th& non/OJodham tribal 'olic& in m moth&rJs 1illag& along th&int&rnational bord&r arr&st&d m &. 3 as h&ld in a 'olic& 1&hicl& 2or an ho%r %nd&r



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int&rrogation b a 'olic&man5 hil& to bord&r 'atrol 1&hicl&s block&d th& &ntranc&to m moth&rJs ard. 3 as told to coo'&rat& or 2ac& F1& charg&s? 2ail%r& to sto'52ail%r& to sho 3.4.5 int&r2&ring ith th& Bord&r 'atrol and to co%nts o2 aggr&ssi1&b&ha1ior toard an oc&r. 3 as %n/handc%I&d and told to g&t o%t o2 th& 1&hicl&co%ntl&ss tim&s as diI&r&nt tribal 'olic& arri1&d. h&n on& non/OJodham tribal

'olic& oc&r arri1&d h& as told th&r& as a littl& mis%nd&rstanding and it asr&sol1&d. This ca%s&s m& to s&rio%sl Q%&stion th& go1&rnm&ntsJ moti1&s5 th& ar&tring to o%tright 'aci2 th& OJodham. Th& 1iolat& &1&r 'rot&ct&d h%man right &ha1& and ignor& o%r s'&ciFc indig&no%s aboriginal rights . Th& control OJodhamlands thro%gh 'schological ar2ar& . On& major L'robl&m that has not b&&ndisc%ss&d5 is th& %nknon n%mb&r o2 o%ng OJodham incarc&rat&d in 2&d&ral andstat& 'risons ho ha1& b&com& 1ictims o2 this Lo'&ration gat&k&&'&r. Th&OJodham r&s&r1ation has ;E '&rc&nt %n&m'lom&nt [ o%ng '&o'l& ha1& b&&n2orc&d into dr%g tracking and h%man tracking to b% th&ir LAm&rican dr&am.Man o2 th&s& o%ng '&o'l& ar& gi1&n s&1&r& s&nt&nc&s and do not r&c&i1& l&galassistanc& 2rom th& tribal sst&m. Man o2 th&s& o%ng '&o'l& ha1& n&1&r b&&narr&st&d or committ&d an oI&ns&s b%t no sit in 'rison aaiting s&nt&nc&s. Th&o%ng '&o'l& r&t%rning 2rom 'rison ar& 2orc&d into hal2a ho%s&s and ar& notallo&d to r&t%rn hom& to th&ir 2amili&s5 th& com'l&t&l los& all rights as citi,&ns o2 th& nit&d Stat&s. This is a cons'irac to 2orc& th& total assimilation o2 th& OJodhamand n&%trali,& th& OJodham lands. This 'schological ar2ar& on th& OJodham isg&nocid&5 a g&nocid& that man ill not r&ali,& %ntil g&n&rations to com&.


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Contention 8 is Solvenc"The 'roblem is not one of lac) of the right 'a'ers& it is one ofcontinued o''ression. The onl" solution is to remove the/order 0atrol.ivas 1:

(O2&lia Ri1as5 Tohono born and acti1ist Fghting 2or c%lt%ral 2r&&dom 5 A%g%st 6;568#85 Oodham to "ational %ard? & do not ant o% on o%r lands5htt'?**.solidarit/'roj&ct.org*5 acc&ss&d $*P*#7) CH

& ar& not com'liant '&o'l&5 & ar& '&o'l& ith gr&at dignit and conFd&nc&. &ar& a '&o'l& o2 &nd%ranc& and ha1& a long s%r1i1al histor. & ar& '&o'l& that ha1&li1&d h&r& 2or tho%sands o2 &ars. & ha1& o%r on lang%ag&5 & ha1& o%r onc%lt%r& and traditions. =o% ar& coming to m land5 o% ma Fnd m& alking on mland5 sitting on m land and j%st going abo%t m dail li2&. 3 might b& sitting on th&

mo%ntain to'5 do not dist%rb m&5 3 am 'raing th& a m anc&stors did 2ortho%sands o2 &ars. 3 might b& o%t coll&cting hat ma b& strang& to o% b%t itmight b& 2ood to m& or m&dicin& 2or m&. Som&tim&s 3 am going to th& cit to g&t ab%rg&r or atch a mo1i& or j%st to r&s%''l m kitch&n and r&2rig&rator. Som& o2 %sli1& 1&r m%ch lik& o% do and som& o2 %s li1& 1&r sim'l& li1&s. Som& o2 ma notha1& com'%t&rs or scann&rs or t&l&1isions or a 1&hicl& b%t som& o2 %s do. Th& oth&rthing is that som& o2 %s ar& light/skinn&d Oodham and som& o2 %s ar& dark&r/skinn&d Oodham. Som& o2 %s s'&nd a lot o2 tim& indoors or o%tdoors. Som&tim&sm moth&r might b& o2 a diI&r&nt "ation (r&2&rs to diI&r&nt tribal "ation) orsom&tim&s o%r 2ath&r is S'anish or & ma ha1& som& !%ro'&an grandmoth&r orgrand2ath&r. 32 o% ant to Q%&stion ho & ar&5 & all ha1& l&arn&d to carr o%r

Tohono Oodham "ation Tribal 3.4. Card . 3t is a 2&d&rall/iss%&d card hich isr&cogni,&d b th& 2&d&ral go1&rnm&nt hich is o%r boss. This card id&ntiF&s %sand b la this is th& onl r&Q%ir&m&nt n&&d&d to 'ro1& ho & ar&. & do notha1& nit&d Stat&s 'ass'orts b&ca%s& most o2 %s &r& born at hom& and do notha1& doc%m&nts5 b%t that do&s not mak& %s -%ndoc%m&nt&d '&o'l& .- =o%r boss5 th&4&'artm&nt o2 Hom&land S&c%rit 5 and th& go1&rnm&nt o2 th& Tohono Oodham"ation ha1& n&gotiat&d an agr&&m&nt hich is5 o%r tribal 3.4. card is o%rid&ntiFcation card and no oth&r doc%m&nt is r&Q%ir&d. Th& Oodham5 (th& G&o'l&) as& call o%rs&l1&s5 ha1& b&&n h&r& to itn&ss th& &r%'tion o2 1olcano&s that 2orm&dth& lands & li1& on. & ha1& s'&cial 'lac&s that hold o%r gr&at/gr&atgr&at/gr&at/gr&at gr&at grand'ar&nts r&mains5 o%r lands ar& a s'&cial and hol 'lac& to %s.

Som& o2 %s still mak& jo%rn&s to th&s& 'lac&s to 'ra. Som& o2 th&s& 'lac&s holdhol obj&cts that maintain s'&ciFc 'arts o2 o%r b&li&2s. h&n o% s&& %s o%t on th&land do not ass%m& & ar& in th& dr%g b%sin&ss or h%man sm%ggling b%sin&ss.Som&tim&s & ar& o%t on th& land h%nting 2or rabbits or d&&r or ja1&lina to 2&&d o%r2amili&s. & ma b& carring a h%nting &a'on 'l&as& do not harm m&5 m 2amillo1&s m& and d&'&nds on m&. h&n o% ar& o%t on o%r land5 b& mind2%l that o%ar& 1isitor on o%r lands5 b& r&s'&ct2%l5 b& co%rt&o%s and do not harm anthing.Som&tim&s o% ma s&& %s gath&r all night long5 dancing and som&tim&s & ar&

http://www.solidarity-project.org/http://www.solidarity-project.org/


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cring lo%dl5 do not a''roach %s or dist%rb %s in ana5 & ar& honoring a d&adr&lati1& and 'r&'aring th&m 2or b%rial. Som&tim&s & ar& cond%cting a h&alingc&r&mon o%t on th& land5 do not a''roach %s or dist%rb %s. Som&tim&s & ma b&singing and dancing all night long5 th&s& ar& o%r c&r&moni&s that & ha1&cond%ct&d 2or tho%sands o2 &ars. & are not behaving in a sus'icious nature&

this is our wa" of life. As original '&o'l& o2 th& lands & honor &1&rthing on o%rlands and & r&gard all as a 'art o2 o%r sacr&d li1&s5 do not kill an 'lants andanimals or '&o'l& on o%r lands. 4o not litt&r o%r lands ith o%r trash. h&n &1isit oth&r '&o'l&s lands and citi&s and hom&s & do not litt&r or l&a1& b&hindtrash. & might b& dri1ing o%r cars5 som&tim&s old5 som&tim&s 1&r n&5 do not trto r%n %s oI th& roads or tailgat& m&. 3 1al%& m li2& and m 2amil5 3 might ha1& an&born in m car or m grandmoth&r or m moth&r and 2ath&r5 m broth&rs andsist&r or m a%nts and %ncl&s or m 2ri&nds. Th&s& ar& all im'ortant '&o'l& to m&and 3 do not ant to s&& th&m h%rt or d&ad. 32 3 s&&m lik& 3 do not %nd&rstand hato% ar& saing5 'l&as& call th& Tohono Oodham Golic& and ask 2or an Oodhams'&aking oc&r to com& and assist o%. 3 might b& la%ghing at o% i2 o% talk to m&in !nglish5 3 dont kno hat o% ar& saing and 3 am la%ghing o%t o2 n&r1o%sn&ssand 2&ar b&ca%s& o% ar& arm&d. 32 o% ar& a2raid o2 %s and dra o%r &a'ons onm&5 3 am mor& a2raid o2 o% b&ca%s& 3 am %narm&d and m 2amil is in th& 1&hicl&ith m& or th& ar& in m ho%s& h&n o% com& into m ho%s&. Som&tim&s mho%s& might b& in 'oor condition b%t it is m hom&5 it is m sanct%ar5 b&r&s'&ct2%l. Som&tim& th&r& ar& &ld&rs in m ho%s& that ar& alr&ad a2raid o2 arm&d'&o'l& in o%r comm%niti&s s%ch as th& bord&r 'atrol and oth&r 2&d&ral ag&nts.

Th&r& ar& som& '&o'l& that do dr%g b%sin&ss or h%man sm%ggling b%sin&ss b%t &ar& not all doing that5 & ar& not all criminals. 4o not tr&at %s lik& criminals . &might call o% kill&rs and m%rd&r&rs as o% j%st cam& 2rom killing '&o'l&. To th&Oodham o% ar& a dang&ro%s '&rson5 to alk onto o%r lands bringing 2r&sh d&athon o%r '&rson is 1&r d&str%cti1& to %s as a '&o'l&. =o% ma ha1& dis&as&s & donot kno5 illn&ss&s o2 o%r mind that o% might inNict on %s. Gl&as& do not a''roach%s i2 o% ar& a\ict&d ith 2r&sh d&ath. R&m&mb&r we do not want "ou on ourlands& we did not invite "ou to our lands. 4o r&m&mb&r that & ha1& in1it&dalli&s that ill b& itn&ssing o%r cond%ct on o%r lands and ho o% tr&at o%r'&o'l&..

The militariation of Tohono lands is a result of increasedsurveillance+oodman and Soto& 1* (Am5 Am&rican broadcast jo%rnalist5 sndicat&dcol%mnist5 in1&stigati1& r&'ort&r and a%thor. oodmans in1&stigati1& jo%rnalismcar&&r incl%d&s co1&rag& o2 th& !ast Timor ind&'&nd&nc& mo1&m&nt and Ch&1ronCor'orations rol& in "ig&ria and Al&05 m&mb&r o2 th& Tohono OJodham "ation andorgani,&r ith OJodham Solidarit Across Bord&rs. H& is also a m&mb&r o2 th& hi'/ho' d%o5 Shining So%l. -Ca%ght in th& CrossFr&? .S./M&0ico Bord&r Militari,ation

Thr&at&ns a o2 i2& 2or "ati1& Trib&.- 4&mocrac "o] ".'.5 #9 Mar. 68#9. &b.89 A%g. 68#7.^htt'?**.d&mocracno.org*68#9*P*#9*ca%ghtinth&crossFr&%sm&0ico_.)**TB


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&ll5 c%rr&ntl5 m comm%nit is in th& middl& o2 j%st th& c%rr&nt '%sh to militari,&th& bord&r r&gion. Th& Tohono OJodham '&o'l& ar&hich translat&s to -d&s&rt'&o'l&5- ar& ca%ght in th& midst o2 colonial 'olici&s that ar& no militari,ing o%rlands 2rom j%st th& amo%nt o2 Bord&r Gatrol ag&nts to ch&ck'oints5 to dron&s 5 to j%stth& o1&rall s%r1&illanc& o2 o%r comm%nit. So5 right no5 o% kno5 o%r a o2 li2&

as OJodham ar& b&ing aI&ct&d 5 o% kno5 2rom traditional 'ractic&s to s&&ing2amil and 2ri&nds5 and j%st o1&rall j%st b&ing aI&ct&d b th& militari,ation.

The /order 0atrol illegall" violate the sovereignt" of theTohono& and disru't their culture with their abusive detentionsand border regulation& when the surveillance is removed all ofthe abuse will be sto''ed.5ea - =Christina5 A''ro1&d 4iss&rtation 2or doctor o2 'hiloso'h5Anthro'olog57*6;*8;5 433CO BOR4!R5 Ari,ona ni1&rsit5 Acc&ss&d E*#X*#75htt'?**ari,ona.o'&nr&'ositor.com*ari,ona*bitstr&am*#8#78*#;P$#7*#*a,%&td#8E$6si'#m.'d2 ) CH

+os&'h +oaQ%in5 an OJodham &ld&r and Tohono OJodham "ation c%lt%ral r&so%rc&ss'&cialist5 stat&s5 L& &r& bro%ght into this orld 2or a '%r'os&5 to b& th&car&tak&rs o2 this land. 4%& to 'r&s&nt bord&r &n2orc&m&nt 'olici&s and'roc&d%r&s5 ho&1&r5 Lanc&stors gra1&s ar& %n1isit&d r&lati1&s go &ars itho%ts&&ing 2amil and F&stas5 ak&s5 and c&r&monial oI&rings go %natt&nd&d . !ld&rs5ham'&r&d 2rom crossing 2or a n%mb&r o2 r&asons5 2ail to shar& traditional stori&s5and to 'ass on knol&dg& abo%t th& 'ast5 abo%t 'lants and animals5 and abo%tcaring 2or th&ir d&s&rt hom&` (Ari&tta 6889). C%rr&nt bord&r &n2orc&m&nt5

th&r&2or&5 s&1&r&l disr%'ts th& Tohono OJodhamJs abilit to 2%lFll th&ir '%r'os& ands%stain th& 1italit o2 th&ir comm%nit. !il&&n %na/:ir&ba%gh (6887) arg%&s thatb&ca%s& bord&r &n2orc&m&nt inhibits th& right o2 OJodham '&o'l& to mo1& 2r&&l on

Tohono OJodham traditional lands5 L&nhanc&d and r&stricti1& bord&r crossing'roc&d%r&s ar& an assa%lt on indig&no%s so1&r&ignt and 1iolat& nati1& r&ligio%s2r&&doms g%arant&&d %nd&r 2&d&ral 3ndian la.6X and ad1ocat&d thro%ghint&rnational h%man rights la. Man OJodham mak& an ann%al 'ilgrimag& toMagdal&na d& Kino in Sonora to honor St. :rancis >a1i&r5 an indig&no%s Catholic'ilgrimag& also carri&d o%t b th& =aQ%i. OJodham ha1& also traditionall tra1&l&d toBaboQ%i1ari5 th& sacr&d mo%ntain on OJodham lands north o2 th& .S./M&0ico bord&rh&r& 3Jtoi5 th& OJodham Cr&ator5 r&sid&s. S%ch 1isits ar& no im'ossibl& 2or

M&0ican OJodham ho lack tra1&l doc%m&ntation r&Q%ir&d b .S. ocials to crossth& bord&r into Ari,ona. An mo1&m&nt thro%gh th& d&s&rt is also dic%lt 2orOJodham in th& .S. ho ar& o2t&n a''roach&d b Bord&r Gatrol to 'ro1& th&irid&ntiti&s as .S. citi,&ns. Traditional m&dicin& m&n on both sid&s o2 th& bord&rlacking r&Q%ir&d tra1&l doc%m&nts ar& limit&d in th&ir abilit to att&nd h&alingc&r&moni&s ("orr&ll 688;). !1&n h&n OJodham m&dicin& m&n do hold th&a''ro'riat& 'a'&rork5 th& m%st gi1& o1&r th&ir m&dicinal b%ndl&s to Bord&r Gatrol2or s&arch 5 disr%'ting th& h&aling c&r&mon5 according to on& Tohono OJodham

http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdfhttp://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdfhttp://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdfhttp://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/193815/1/azu_etd_10782_sip1_m.pdf


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traditional m&dicin& man 1oicing his conc&rns at an Alian,a m&&ting &arli&r this&ar. According to Tohono OJodham acti1ist Mik& :lor&s5 OJodham c&r&moni&s tha tr&Q%ir& mo1&m&nt across th& .S./M&0ico bord&r5 lik& th& OJodham d&&r h%ntingand salt gath&ring c&r&moni&s5 ar& constantl disr%'t&d b bord&r ocialQ%&stioning and d&t&ntion. As :lor&s stat&s5 L To b& d&tain&d 2or &ight ho%rs disr%'ts

th& hol& c&r&mon. To m&mb&rs o2 th& BaboQ%i1ari 4&2&ns& Groj&ct5 and 6X 3nr&2&r&nc& to th& Am&rican 3ndian R&ligio%s :r&&dom Act o2 #;E$. aliat&d m&mb&rso2 th& Alian,a 3ndYg&na5 ha1& also obs&r1&d and s'ok&n against Bord&r Gatrol'r&s&nc& in and damag& to sacr&d ar&as o2 BaboQ%i1ari G&ak.


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Cards Ta)en Out recentl"4n order to commit these atrocities& /order 0atrol agents

se'arate the Tohono from their human and cultural identit".!iller 1* =Todd Miller has researched and written about U.S.-Mexican border issues for more than10 years. He has worked on both sides of the border for Borderinks in Tucson! "ri#ona! and $itness for

%eace in &axaca! Mexico. He now writes on border and immi'ration issues for .6C, Todd Mill&r5 9/66/68#95 -Tomgram? Todd Mill&r5 Th& Cr&ation o2 a Bord&r S&c%rit Stat&5-

Tomdis'atch5 htt'?**.tomdis'atch.com*blog*#E7$P9*tomgramZPAtoddmill&r5th&cr&ationo2abord&rs&c%ritstat&*)TB

Between the unbridled enthusiasm of the vendors with their techno- optimistic “solutions” and the reality of border

life in the Tohono O’odham Nation - - or for that matter just about anywhere along the 2,000-mile divide -- the

chasm couldn’t be wider . On the reservation back in 2012, Longoria called in the GPS coordinates of the unknown

dead woman, as so many agents have done in the past and will undoubtedly do in the years to come . Headquarters in

Tucson contacted the Tohono O’odham tribal police. The agents waited in the baking heat by the motionless body.

When the tribal police pulled up, they took her picture, as they have done with other corpses so many times before.

They rolled her over and took another picture. Her body was, by now, deep purple on one side. The tribal police

explained to Longoria that it was because the blood settles there. They brought out a plastic body bag. “Pseudo-

speciation ,” Longoria told me. That, he said, is how they deal with it . He talked about an interview he’d heard with a

Vietnam vet on National Public Radio, who said that to deal with the dead in war, “you have to take a person and

change his genus. Give him a whole different category. You couldn’t stand looking at these bodies, so you detach

yourself . You give them a different name that detracts from their humanness .” The tribal police worked with stoic

faces. They lifted the body of this woman, whose past life, whose story, whose loved ones were now on another

planet, onto a cart attached to an all-terrain vehicle and headed off down a bumpy dirt road with the body bouncing

up and down.


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This is an im'act in and of itself ? the result is domination&slaver"& and ever" form of evil.(at -; =(ather"n B. (at& 'rof. of law $ Alban" 5aw School& 1--;& Alban" 5aw ournal& DDDeditedfor g$langDDDE

3t is %nd&niabl& that thro%gho%t h%man histor dominant and o''r&ssi1&

gro%'s ha1& committ&d %ns'&akabl& rongs against thos& 1i&&d asin2&rior. Onc& a '&rson (or a '&o'l&) has b&&n charact&ri,&d as s%b/h%man5 th&r& a''&ars to ha1& b&&n no limit to th& cr%&lt that as orill b& 1isit&d %'onth&m him. #or exam'le& in almost all ars5 hatr&dtoards th& &n&m as ins'ir&d to j%sti2 th& killing and o%nding bs&'arating th& &n&m 2rom th& h%man rac& 5 b casting th&m as%north o2 h%man stat%s. This sam& rationali,ation has s%''ort&d?g&nocid&5 chatt&l sla1&r5 racial s&gr&gation5 &conomic &0'loitation5cast& and class sst&ms5 co&rc&d st&rili,ation o2 social misFts and

%nd&sirabl&s5 %n'rinci'l&d m&dical &0'&rim&ntation5 th& s%bj%gation o2 om&n5 and th& social 4arinists th&or j%sti2ing indiI&r&nc& to th&'o1&rt and mis&r o2 oth&rs.


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Cards to add for more timeThe /order 0atrol’s ver" 'resence on the land occu'ied b" the

Tohono is 's"chological warfare and their violence toward thenatives constitutes genocide.ivas& 2(O2&lia5 Tohono born and acti1ist Fghting 2or c%lt%ral 2r&&dom53mmigration5 3m'&rialism and C%lt%ral &nocid&? An int&r1i& ith OJodham Acti1istO2&lia Ri1as conc&rning th& &I&cts o2 a 'ro'os&d all on th& S * M&0ico bord&r5


Grior to th& ;/## Lattack on Am&rica5 ashington 4.C. 'oliticians to%r&d th& bord&ralong th& r&s&r1ation and d&clar&d that th& &r& not r&s'onsibl& 2or th& &0isting P

cattl& 2&nc&5 stating that th& nit&s Stat&s go1&rnm&nt mark&d th& bord&r onl ithmark&rs. (Th& trib& as s&&king 2&d&ral assistanc& to r&'air th& cattl& 2&nc& alongth& bord&r d%& to cattl& r%stling and incr&as& o2 dr%g tracking). B%t no5 a2t&r ;/##5 th& r&s&r1ation is %nd&r th& d&'artm&nt o2 hom&land s&c%rit control5 a 'olic&stat& 5 j%st lik& a'arth&id in So%th A2rica. OJodham no ha1& to carr doc%m&nts to'ro1& th& ar& OJodham in ord&r to mo1& aro%nd on th&ir on lands. Th&r&s&r1ation is no clos&d oI to th& m&dia and anon& 1oicing r&sistanc& againstthis sit%ation 2ac& s&rio%s cons&Q%&nc&s s%ch as harassm&nt5 arr&st and a loss o2'%blic s&r1ic&s 2rom th& tribal 'rograms. On& &0am'l& o2 this harassm&nt is m'&rsonal cas&. Th& non/OJodham tribal 'olic& in m moth&rJs 1illag& along th&int&rnational bord&r arr&st&d m &. 3 as h&ld in a 'olic& 1&hicl& 2or an ho%r %nd&r

int&rrogation b a 'olic&man5 hil& to bord&r 'atrol 1&hicl&s block&d th& &ntranc&to m moth&rJs ard. 3 as told to coo'&rat& or 2ac& F1& charg&s? 2ail%r& to sto'52ail%r& to sho 3.4.5 int&r2&ring ith th& Bord&r 'atrol and to co%nts o2 aggr&ssi1&b&ha1ior toard an oc&r. 3 as %n/handc%I&d and told to g&t o%t o2 th& 1&hicl&co%ntl&ss tim&s as diI&r&nt tribal 'olic& arri1&d. h&n on& non/OJodham tribal'olic& oc&r arri1&d h& as told th&r& as a littl& mis%nd&rstanding and it asr&sol1&d. This ca%s&s m& to s&rio%sl Q%&stion th& go1&rnm&ntsJ moti1&s5 th& ar&tring to o%tright 'aci2 th& OJodham. Th& 1iolat& &1&r 'rot&ct&d h%man right &ha1& and ignor& o%r s'&ciFc indig&no%s aboriginal rights . Th& control OJodhamlands thro%gh 'schological ar2ar& . On& major L'robl&m that has not b&&ndisc%ss&d5 is th& %nknon n%mb&r o2 o%ng OJodham incarc&rat&d in 2&d&ral and

stat& 'risons ho ha1& b&com& 1ictims o2 this Lo'&ration gat&k&&'&r. Th&OJodham r&s&r1ation has ;E '&rc&nt %n&m'lom&nt [ o%ng '&o'l& ha1& b&&n2orc&d into dr%g tracking and h%man tracking to b% th&ir LAm&rican dr&am.Man o2 th&s& o%ng '&o'l& ar& gi1&n s&1&r& s&nt&nc&s and do not r&c&i1& l&galassistanc& 2rom th& tribal sst&m. Man o2 th&s& o%ng '&o'l& ha1& n&1&r b&&narr&st&d or committ&d an oI&ns&s b%t no sit in 'rison aaiting s&nt&nc&s. Th&o%ng '&o'l& r&t%rning 2rom 'rison ar& 2orc&d into hal2a ho%s&s and ar& notallo&d to r&t%rn hom& to th&ir 2amili&s5 th& com'l&t&l los& all rights as citi,&ns o2



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th& nit&d Stat&s. This is a cons'irac to 2orc& th& total assimilation o2 th& OJodhamand n&%trali,& th& OJodham lands. This 'schological ar2ar& on th& OJodham isg&nocid&5 a g&nocid& that man ill not r&ali,& %ntil g&n&rations to com&.

4denti3cation Cards exist in the status Fuo& but the /order

0atrol ignores them& continuing the constant harassment theTohono face.Amnest" 4nternational 18

(Amn&st 3nt&rnational5Amn&st 3nt&rnational is a global mo1&m&nt o2 mor& than Pmillion s%''ort&rs5 m&mb&rs and acti1ists in mor& than #78 co%ntri&s and t&rritori&sho cam'aign to &nd gra1& ab%s&s o2 h%man rights5 P/6$/68#65 -SA? 3n Hostil&

T&rrain? H%man rights 1iolations in immigration &n2orc&m&nt in th& S So%th&st5-Amn&st 3nt&rnational SA5 htt'?**.amn&st%sa.org*r&s&arch*r&'orts*%sa/in/hostil&/t&rrain/h%man/rights/1iolations/in/immigration/&n2orc&m&nt/in/th&/%s/so%th&st5 ''. 67) CH

LTh& %s%all ask to s&& m 34 and h&r& 3 am going. 3tJs almost th& sam&Q%&stions &1&r tim&. Uh&r& ar& o% 2romV hat ar& o% going to doVJ Som&tim&sth& s'&ak S'anish to m& som&tim&s th& s'&ak !nglish. Th& ill som&tim&s ask5UAr& o% Ga'ago or OJodhamV Ar& o% M&0icanVJ Th& n&1&r s'&ak OJodham to m&5b%t h&n 3 s'&ak OJodham5 th& donJt kno hat to do. On som& o2 th& oth&r 'ortso2 &ntr5 th& donJt r&cogni,& OJodham '&o'l&. 3 r&cogni,& th& ork that th& ha1&to do5 b%t th& donJt r&s'&ct th& '&o'l& and contin%all ask h&r& &Jr& 2rom. 3Jmtir&d o2 it. Th& ha1& b&&n h&r& all o2 this tim&5 th& sho%ld %nd&rstand %s b&tt&r.Som& o2 th& ag&nts ho ar& h&r& r&g%larl b&gan to r&cogni,& m& and tr&at&d m&b&tt&r5 b%t oth&rs5 thos& ar& th& on&s ho donJt r&cogni,& m Tribal 34 card anddonJt l&t m& in. Sl1&st&r


25/154

This Lbord&r s%rg&5 a 'hras& coin&d b S&nator Ch%ck Sch%m&r5 is also a s%r1&illanc& s%rg&. Th&S&nat& bill 'ro1id&s 2or th& hiring o2 almost #;5888 n& Bord&r Gatrol ag&nts5 th& b%ilding o2E88 additional mil&s o2 alls5 2&nc&s5 and barri&rs5 and an in1&stm&nt o2 billions o2dollars in th& lat&st s%r1&illanc& t&chnologi&s5 incl%ding dron&s. 3n this5 th& bill onl contin%&s in a'ost/;*## tradition in hich o%r so%th&rn di1id& has b&com& an on/th&/gro%nd laborator 2or the

develo'ment of a surveillance state hos& mission is alr&ad mo1ing &ll b&ond thos&bord&rlands. Calling this Limmigration r&2orm is lik& calling th& National S&c%rit Ag&ncJs&0'anding global s%r1&illanc& sst&m a dom&stic t&l&comm%nications %'grad&. 3tJs r&all all abo%t th& co%ntr that th& nit&d Stat&s is b&coming // on& o2 th& 'olic& and th&'olic&d.

/order securit" has become an occu'"ing arm" andchec)'oints are a uniFue manifestation of violence!iller 1 (Todd5 r&s&arch&d and ritt&n abo%t .S./M&0ican bord&r iss%&s 2or mor& than #8 &ars.H& has ork&d on both sid&s o2 th& bord&r 2or Bord&rinks in T%cson5 Ari,ona5 and itn&ss 2or G&ac& in

Oa0aca5 M&0ico. H& no rit&s on bord&r and immigration iss%&s 2or "ACA R&'ort5 LS%r1&illanc&S%rg& on th& Bord&r? Ho to T%rn th& S/M&0ican Bord&r into a ar Won&5 htt'?**.tr%th/o%t.org*n&s*it&m*#E7#P/s%r1&illanc&/s%rg&/on/th&/bord&r/ho/to/t%rn/th&/%s/m&0ican/bord&r/into/a/ar/,on&5 **rck)

As o% alk5 '&rha's o% st&' on im'lant&d s&nsors5 cr&ating a b&&'ing nois& in som& distant monitoring room.

M&anhil&5 gr&&n/stri'&d Bord&r Gatrol 1&hicl&s r%sh b constantl. On th& .S./M&0ican bord&r5 th&r&ar& alr&ad mor& than #$5788 ag&nts (and a''ro0imat&l 65P88 mor& on th& Canadian bord&r). 3nco%nt&rt&rrorism mod&5 th& ar& 'aid to b& s%s'icio%s o2 &1&rthing and &1&rbod .Som& Hom&land S&c%rit 1&hicl&s s'ort trail&rs carring All T&rrain


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o%t.org*n&s*it&m*#E7#P/s%r1&illanc&/s%rg&/on/th&/bord&r/ho/to/t%rn/th&/%s/m&0ican/bord&r/into/a/ar/,on&5 **rck)

3nst&ad o2 acknol&dging arciaJs Q%&stion5 th& ag&nt ord&rs him to 'rod%c& som& 34. arcia '%llso%t his tribal m&mb&rshi' card. Th& ag&nt looks 2rom th& 'hoto to arcia s&1&ral tim&s5 making a'oint o2 his do%bt and s%s'icion. L3tJs m&5 arcia sas5 no 1isibl im'ati&nt. Lhat is o%r

citi,&nshi'V th& ag&nt asks. Tohono OJodham 5 arcia r&s'onds. This co%ld g&t good5 3 think toms&l2. B%t th& ag&nt do&snJt bit&. H& r&l&as&s arcia 2rom his ga,& and instr%cts m& to stat& mciti,&nshi'. 3 t&ll him that 3 am a citi,&n o2 th& nit&d Stat&s. LAnd ho is this 2ri&ndV th& ag&nt asks5 again. B%tthis tim& 3 s&ns& mor& in his 1oic& than m&r& disb&li&2 that & ha1& a m%t%al 2ri&nd. At Frst 3 canJt t&ll hat it is5 b%t

his ton& and mann&rismssimm&ring ith aggr&ssion and s%s'icion s&&m to b& anoth&r&0am'l& o2 hat &1&rda li2& can b& lik& 2or th& Tohono OJodham "ation h&n th&.S. Bord&r Gatrol im'os&s its a%thorit. And this is hat 3 ha1& com& h&r& to l&arn. G&rha's it isnai1& on m 'art to think that th& ag&nt o%ld tr&at %s b&tt&r onc& h& sa that arcia as Tohono OJodham andthat & ar& on his so1&r&ign anc&stral land. :or on& thing5 &1&n tho%gh 3 am a 'ro2&ssional jo%rnalist5 3 am'rohibit&d (b th& Tohono OJodham "ation) 2rom tra1&ling oI/road on th& r&s&r1ation itho%t th& accom'anim&nto2 a m&mb&r o2 th& nation. Ho&1&r5 th& ag&nt do&s not tr&at %s an b&tt&r. 32 anthing5 his s%s'icion d&&'&ns.Racial 'roFling s&&ms to b& in 'la? a "ati1& and non/"ati1& o%t in th& middl& o2 noh&r&5 b%t so clos& to th&

bord&r5 n&&d to b& &0amin&d clos&l. That th& .S. go1&rnm&nt r&cogni,&s th& Tohono

OJodham "ation as a Ldistinct5 ind&'&nd&nt 'olitical comm%nit ith a highlQ%aliF&d s&ns& o2 so1&r&ignt s&&ms to m&an littl& to this ag&nt. H& do&snJt a''&ar tob& aar& that anoth&r bod o2 las5 1ot&d on b th& OJodham and its l&gislati1&co%ncil5 go1&rn th& land h&r& h& is standing. Or mab& it j%st do&snJt matt&r to him.According to th& .S. go1&rnm&nt5 th& int&rnational bord&r that &0ists on "ati1& Am&rican land is at man 'oints

L1%ln&rabl& to %na%thori,&d &ntr. 3n th& 'ost/;*## &ra5 this slo''5 'oro%s 'atch o2 bord&r 5in th& go1&rnm&ntJs &&s5 is a 2%ll/N&dg&d national s&c%rit thr&at. Ho&1&r5 hat 3 illl&arn is som&thing that isnJt &0'licitl stat&d in '%blicl acc&ssibl& go1&rnm&ntdoc%m&nts ? it isnJt j%st th& '&o'l& ho ar& s&arching 2or ork or sm%gglingnarcotics5 b%t also th& Tohono OJodham th&ms&l1&s ho s&&m to b& consid&r&dL2or&ign. This Lm&ss b%t anci&nt orld o2 2amilial5 social5 'olitical5 &conomic5 and s'irit%al cross/bord&rcomm%nit Ni&s in th& 2ac& o2 th& black/and/hit&5 good/and/bad nat%r& o2 bord&r s&c%rit. Th& ton& o2th& 2&d&ral ag&ntJs 1oic& mak&s &1&rthing crstal cl&ar. H& is in control5 and h& is j%st on& o2h%ndr&ds th&r& to %s& bord&rs5 gat&s5 g%ns5 and a grid o2 global s%r1&illanc& to&n2orc& th& hard 2act that th& nit&d S tat&s o2 Am&rica tr%m's Tohono OJodhamso1&r&ignt and s&c%rit and anon& &ls&Js 2or that matt&rlik& it or not.

http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/17513-surveillance-surge-on-the-border-how-to-turn-the-us-mexican-border-into-a-war-zonehttp://www.truth-out.org/news/item/17513-surveillance-surge-on-the-border-how-to-turn-the-us-mexican-border-into-a-war-zonehttp://www.truth-out.org/news/item/17513-surveillance-surge-on-the-border-how-to-turn-the-us-mexican-border-into-a-war-zonehttp://www.truth-out.org/news/item/17513-surveillance-surge-on-the-border-how-to-turn-the-us-mexican-border-into-a-war-zone


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CaseThe Surveillance of the /order is an extension of the

coloniation that 3rst assaulted the Tohono ,undreds of "earsago.edwood Curtain Co'watch no date (bas&d in th& north coast o2 Cali2ornia5is 'art o2 a larg&r mo1&m&nt o2 s&l2 organi,&d Co'atch gro%'s thro%gho%t th& S. O%r local&Iorts s&&k to int&r1&n& in th& drastic ris& o2 th& 'r&s&nc&5 militari,ation5 and 1iol&nc& o2th& 'olic&5 and b%ild s%''ort n&torks bas&d on s&l2/d&t&rmination5 caring5 and concr&t&n&&ds5 LThis 3s Oodham and? "o Bord&rs] :r&& Mo1&m&nt] 3ndig&no%s*Migrant Solidarit]5htt'?**r&doodc%rtainco'atch.n&t*nod&*99X5 **rck)

Mo1&m&nt 4&mands A%tonom? An Oodham G&rs'&cti1& on Bord&r Controls and3mmigration. & ant to &0'r&ss as o%ng Oodham5 that & o''os& th& b%ilding andstr%ct%r& o2 a all along th& traditional Oodham t&rritor5 Th& conc&rns o2 th& 1illag&s gro in 2&ar o2 th& on/going

tactics that is 'lainl disg%is&d as a 'art o2 th& r%l&s o2 cond%ct 2or t&sting c&nsors and t&chnolog5 ha1&no mad& th& Tohono Oodham '&o'l& alking targ&ts and criminals in th& &&s o2 th& 4&'artm&nt o2Hom&land S&c%rit (4HS) in o%r on hom&lands. As Oodham '&o'l&5 & 2ac& th& &1&rgroing cr%cial attacks on Hom&s5 traditional ro%t&s5 and 3d&ntit as indig&no%s '&o'l& . Th& Oodham1oic& still go&s %nd&rmind&d b tribal go1&rnm&nt and th& right o2 'assag& thro%gh o%rro%t&s ha1& b&com& a killing F&ld and a battl& gro%nd . 4&'artm&nt o2 Hom&land S&c%rit(4HS) r&c&nt5 %n'r&c&d&nt&d 'o&r to ai1& &0isting la along th& bord&rs o2 th& nit&d Stat&s to constr%ct a

massi1& Bord&r all and im'l&m&ntations o2 strict&r bord&r crossing r&g%lations5%nd&rmin&s th& Tribal So1&r&ignt5 3ndig&no%s A%tonom and S&l2/4&t&rmination o2th& man indig&no%s nations hos& anc&stral lands s'an into M&0ico and Canada. Th& Oodham '&o'l&5'artic%larl th& Tohono Oodham '&o'l&5 o2 so%th&rn Ari,ona ar& on& s%ch indig&no%s nation onc& again ca%ght in

th& middl& o2 th& nit&d Stat&s Bord&r Golici&s. Golici&s that ha1& disr&gard &d th& histor5 1oic& andc%lt%ral im'acts that an bord&r all ill bring to all indig&no%s '&o'l& hos& hom&land ill b&2%rth&r disconn&ct&d b th& .S. '%sh to &stablish th& #5;7# mil& barri&r on th& .S.*M&0ican Bord&r5 E7mil&s o2 hich r&st on Tohono Oodham "ation so%th&rn bo%ndar. 3n m introd%ctor analsis5 3 2&&l th& n&&dto stat& th& histor and conn&ction th& Oodham '&o'l& ha1& ith th&ir anc&stral lands5Hom&land S&c%rits ai1&r 'o&r on th& bord&r and strict&r 'olici&s and ho s%ch 'o&r has l&ad toth& militari,ation o2 Oodham +&1&d (Oodham lands). 4HS 'o&r to ai1& &0isting las to &ns%r& th&bord&r all ill ha1& n&gati1& im'lications on all 3ndig&no%s "ations hos& land is s&'arat&d b th& .S.*M&0ican

Bord&r and r&'r&s&nts th& contin%ation5 o2 th& coloni,ation o2 3ndig&no%s '&o'l& andland in th& 6#st C&nt%r.

The Notion of Sovereignt" is not one that is western& and'redates the coloniers.Cobb X (Amanda + Cobb5 +%n& 688X5 Am&rican St%di&s +o%rnal5 Kansas ni1&rsit5''. ##$/##;5 Acc&ss&d E*#;*#75htt's?**jo%rnals.k%.&d%*ind&0.'h'*am&rst%d*articl&*1i&*6;7X*6;#7) CH

At bas&5 so1&r&ignt is a nations 'o&r to s&l2/go1&rn5 to d&t&rmin& its on a o2li2&5 and to li1& that li2&to hat&1&r &0t&nt 'ossibl&2r&& 2rom int&r2&r&nc&. This is

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no diI&r&nt 2or tribal so1&r&ignt5 hich b and larg& shar&s th& attrib%t&s andcharact&ristics o2 so1&r&ignt as cont&0t%ali,&d abo1&. "ati1& nations ar& c%lt%ralldistinct '&o'l&s ith r&cogni,abl& go1&rnm&nts and5 in most cas&s5 r&cogni,abl&and d&Fn&d t&rritori&s. Th& so1&r&ignt o2 "ati1& nations is inh&r&nt and anci&nt.:or "ati1& nations ithin th& bo%ndari&s o2 th& nit&d Stat&s5 th& %nd&rscoring o2

th& inh&r&nt nat%r& o2 so1&r&ignt is critical b&ca%s& o2 th& colonial 'roc&ssa'roc&ss that contin%&s to dramaticall diminish o%r abilit to 2%ll &0&rcis& tribalso1&r&ignt. As 4a1id ilkins (%mb&&) and K. Tsianina omaaima(Cr&&k*Ch&rok&&) ha1& arg%&d5 -Trib&s &0ist&d b&2or& th& nit&d Stat&s o2 Am&rica5so th&irs is a mor& mat%r& so1&r&ignt5 'r&dating th& Constit%tion in that s&ns&5tribal so1&r&ignt &0ists o%tsid& th& Constit%tion.-#7 Kid&ll and


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d&scrib& th& actions o2 th& nit&d Stat&s go1&rnm&nt as it s&&ks to gain controlo1&r Middl& !ast&rn go1&rnm&nts and &conomi&s. Th& contin%ing occ%'ation o2 3raQb th& nit&d Stat&s is th& b&st &0am'l& o2 this n&o/im'&rialism. B%t im'&rialism isnot limit&d to lands across th& oc&ans5 and th& nit&d Stat&s go1&rnm&nt isc%rr&ntl &ngag&d in th& occ%'ation o2 lands m%ch clos&r to hom&. & m%st n&1&r

2org&t that th& 1&r lands claim&d b th& go1&rnm&nt o2 th& nit&d Stat&s in "orthAm&rica ar& claim&d b nothing oth&r than th& right o2 conQ%&st. Th& nit&d S tat&sgo1&rnm&nt is a go1&rnm&nt o2 occ%'ation h&r& in "orth Am&rica and th& lands thatit contin%&s to claim and occ%' ar& in s'irit still th& a%tonomo%s t&rritori&s o2 th&indig&no%s trib&s that &0ist&d h&r& b&2or& th& Frst !%ro'&an colonists st&''&d 2ooton th& contin&nt. Sinc& ;*## th& nit&d Stat&s go1&rnm&nt has ratch&t&d %' itsattacks against th& indig&no%s r&sid&nts o2 th& nit&d Stat&s. 3n so%th&rn Ari,ona5th&s& attacks ha1& com& in th& g%is& o2 bord&r land d&2&ns&. Th& traditionalOJodham r&sid&nts o2 so%th&rn Ari,ona ha1& b&com& th& 1ictims o2 a joint 'rogramcarri&d o%t b th& 4&'artm&nt o2 Hom&land S&c%rit and th& Bord&r Gatrol to b%ild abord&r all across th& &ntir& PP8 mil& .S * M&0ico bord&r5 a X7 mil& s&ction o2hich ill r%n along th& so%th&rn &dg& o2 th& Tohono OJodham r&s&r1ation. Thisall5 i2 it is allo&d to b& b%ilt5 ill &I&cti1&l c%t in hal2 th& traditional t&rritor o2th& OJodham and s&r1& to disr%'t traditional migration 'att&rns and isolat&OJodham 1illag&s that &0ist on o''osit& sid&s o2 th& int&rnational bord&r. To j%sti2th& b%ilding o2 this all th& go1&rnm&nt has onc& again %s&d th& 2&ar o2 t&rrorism 5as has b&com& common sinc& ;*##5 to ad1anc& its 2ascistic im'&rialist int&r&sts. 3na Tim& Maga,in& articl& dat&d S&'t&mb&r 685 68895 &ntitl&d Lho l&2t th& dooro'&n on& can Fnd a '&r2&ct &0am'l& o2 th& 2&ar mong&ring abo%t Lt&rroristthr&ats b&ing %s&d b th& cor'orat& m&dia and go1&rnm&nt to j%sti2 th&militari,ation o2 th& bord&r ,on& and th& b%ilding o2 a bord&r all. Altho%gh th&

Tim& articl& do&s not s'&ciFcall m&ntion th& 'ro'os&d all5 it do&s m&ntion th& Tohono OJodham nation as b&ing a s'&ciFc &ak s'ot in th& bord&r d&2&ns&. Th&articl& stat&s that La &n2orc&m&nt a%thoriti&s b&li&1& th& mass mo1&m&nt o2ill&gals5 h&r&1&r th& ar& 2rom5 oI&rs th& '&r2&ct co1&r 2or t&rrorists s&&king to&nt&r th& .S` !1&n th& ;*## commission chim&s in on this abs%rd talking 'oint inits r&'ort stating that? Lto sst&mic &akn&ss&s cam& tog&th&r in o%r bord&rsst&ms inabilit to contrib%t& to an &I&cti1& d&2&ns& against th& ;*## attacks? alack o2 &ll/d&1&lo'&d co%nt&r t&rrorism m&as%r&s as a 'art o2 bord&r s&c%rit andan immigration sst&m not abl& to d&li1&r on # its basic commitm&nts5 m%ch l&sss%''ort co%nt&r t&rrorism. Th&s& &akn&ss&s ha1& b&&n r&d%c&d b%t ar& 2ar 2romb&ing o1&rcom&. This last stat&m&nt is &s'&ciall ridic%lo%s consid&ring that non&o2 th& acc%s&d ;*## hijack&rs cross&d into th& nit&d Stat&s thro%gh its bord&r ithM&0ico. 4&s'it& s%ch &1id&nt abs%rdit5 th& go1&rnm&nt ob1io%sl 2&&ls that it canco%nt on th& ignoranc& and a'ath o2 th& Am&rican '%blic to gi1& it 2r&& r&ign as itmo1&s to com'l&t&l s&al th& bord&r b&t&&n th& nit&d Stat&s and M&0ico. 3n 2act5it s&&ms that a small minorit o2 d&l%d&d and 2right&n&d r&sid&nts o2 this co%ntrha1& 2all&n 2or th& go1&rnm&nt cam'aign o2 t&rrorist 2&ar mong&ring and &conomicsca'&goating o2 immigrants. Th& 1isibl& ris& o2 racist 1igilant& gro%'s s%ch as th&Min%t& Man 'roj&ct and Sa1& o%r Stat& ar& 'art o2 th& 1&r dang&ro%s right ingconsolidation o2 'o&r taking 'lac& h&r& in "orth Am&rica. 3t is &ss&ntial 2or &1&rr&sid&nt o2 this land ho do&s not agr&& ith th& racist nationalism b&ing 2orc&d


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%'on %s in this co%ntr to ris& %' and sto' this tid& o2 2&ar bas&d 2ascism b&2or& it isconsolidat&d. H%ndr&ds o2 tho%sands o2 migrants 2rom th& so%th ha1& ris&n in anationid& mo1&m&nt to r&sist this n& a1& o2 racism and 2ascistic d&magog%&r[ no it is &ss&ntial that th& r&st o2 %s join th&m to r&sist th& militari,ation o2 th&.S.*M&0ico bord&r. 3t sho%ld go itho%t saing that gi1&n th& c%rr&nt traj&ctor o2

th& B%sh r&gim&5 a s&al&d bord&r sho%ld b& o2 gra1& conc&rn to anon& li1ing in"orth Am&rica [ donJt 2org&t that a s&al&d bord&r can s&r1& to k&&' '&o'l& in j%stas &ll as it can s&r1& to k&&' oth&rs o%t]


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#raming0rioritie structural violence in "our im'act calculus9 it’s theonl" thing that certainl" exists and that we can certainl"change.Ta"lor& G:- (+an&ll& S. 5 Gro2. o2 Anthro'olog5 ni1. o2 ashington5htt'?**d&'ts.ashing...&r*talor.shtml5 !0'laining 4iI&r&nc&? C%lt%r&5 Str%ct%ral


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where the estates of former %otton barons line the shores of .ewport& .ow #ississippi is among the

poor est state in the nation& "uppose some sa**y e%onomi% %onsultant suggested that we %ould bring

prosperity ba%< to the "outh by reinstating the institution of sla*ery& The population of fri%an/meri%ans

being only about th irty per%ent, the ma2ority would %ertainly ha*e their happiness in%reased& Of %ourse,

we would immediately ob2e%t that su%h happiness would be a%hie*ed by the most atro%ious *iolation of

indi*idual rights& hat %an the utilitarian say to thisN I*en +a mes #ill’s son, +ohn "tuart, was *ery

%on%erned about this troublesome possibility& Je ad*o%ated a form of utilitarianism in whi%h we are

obligated to promote the “higher pleasures” of 2usti%e and e?uality& Jowe*er, #ill would not allow an

appeal to indi*idual rights, be%ause he did not belie*e that su%h rights e$ist & Jis defense of indi*idual

freedoms in On Ciberty is not based on the idea that human beings ha*e rights, but be%ause of the good

%onse?uen%es for so%iety that %omes from su%h a re%ognition& “9 regard utility as the ultimate appeal on all

ethi%al ?uestions,” says #ill& 35 9f this is the %ase, then a utilitarian, e*en one as enlightened as #ill, must

entertain the possibility that the greatest happiness %ould only be bought at the e$pense of indi*idual

freedoms& 34 hether or not you belie*e in indi*idual rights, whether or not you are %on*in%ed by

arguments one way or another about the metaphysi%al grounds of rights, we %an all appre%iate the idea

that any ethi%s should re%ogni!e the fundamental dignity of humans beings& This is pre%isely what

worries %riti%s of utilitarianism, that it may re?uire us to *iolate that dignity, for some at least, if doin g so

will promote the greatest happiness& 'ut to *iolate human dignity is to ignore or to misunderstand the

*ery point of ethi%s & For the deontologist, su%h as ant, we ha*e a duty not to *iolate human dignity, e*en

if it %auses us pain, e*en if the %onse?uen%es fail to ma$imi!e the o*erall happiness& The in*iolate

%hara%ter of human dignity is e$pressed most pra%ti%ally by the idea that we ha*e %ertain basi% rights

(whate*er the sour%e of rights are, whether natural or by %on*ention)& +ohn Co%


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4m'act Cards

The violating of the Tohono’s rights is 's"chological warfare

and genocide b" the border 'atrol.ivas& 2(O2&lia5 Tohono born and acti1ist Fghting 2or c%lt%ral 2r&&dom53mmigration5 3m'&rialism and C%lt%ral &nocid&? An int&r1i& ith OJodham Acti1istO2&lia Ri1as conc&rning th& &I&cts o2 a 'ro'os&d all on th& S * M&0ico bord&r5


Grior to th& ;/## Lattack on Am&rica5 ashington 4.C. 'oliticians to%r&d th& bord&ralong th& r&s&r1ation and d&clar&d that th& &r& not r&s'onsibl& 2or th& &0isting Pcattl& 2&nc&5 stating that th& nit&s Stat&s go1&rnm&nt mark&d th& bord&r onl ithmark&rs. (Th& trib& as s&&king 2&d&ral assistanc& to r&'air th& cattl& 2&nc& alongth& bord&r d%& to cattl& r%stling and incr&as& o2 dr%g tracking). B%t no5 a2t&r ;/##5 th& r&s&r1ation is %nd&r th& d&'artm&nt o2 hom&land s&c%rit control5 a 'olic&stat& 5 j%st lik& a'arth&id in So%th A2rica. OJodham no ha1& to carr doc%m&nts to'ro1& th& ar& OJodham in ord&r to mo1& aro%nd on th&ir on lands

Tohono Affirmative - DDI 2015 SWS

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Transcript of Tohono Affirmative - DDI 2015 SWS