Today’s Standard 10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War. Analyze the aims and...
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Transcript of Today’s Standard 10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War. Analyze the aims and...
Today’s Standard Today’s Standard 10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World
War. Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and
influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United States's rejection of the League of Nations on world politics.
Today’s ObjectivesToday’s Objectives
1. Discuss and evaluate the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles and how it could lead to WWI.
2. Evaluate the human and financial cost of war.
Essential QuestionEssential Question
What factors influenced the peace treaties that ended World War I, and how did people react to the treaties?
Costs of WarCosts of War
Human Costs
Millions of soldiers dead and more wounded
8.5 million in battle Est. 21 million as a result of starvation and
disease.
1918 – deadly influenza pandemic Killed more than 20 million people
Mass destruction of property from France to Russia Homes, farms, factories, roads and churches –
shelled to rubble
People felt bitter and wanted losers to pay reparations Payments for war damage
Financial TollFinancial TollAftermath of the Battle of Verdun
Original caption: Aftermath Of Great War - Scenes In Berlin. The original German caption says 'A great friend of children distributing money & food gifts
to Berlin schoolchildren.'
French War LossesFrench War Losses• No other nation suffered a greater percentage of its
population dead or wounded.
• Of Frenchmen between 20 and 32 at the start of the war, more than 50% were killed.
• Property damage in northern France• 300,000 houses destroyed
• 20,000 factories ruined
• 1,360,000 head of livestock killed or confiscated
• Bombing ravaged thousands of acres of forest and farmland.
The Allies Meet at VersaillesThe Allies Meet at Versailles
January 18, 1919 - Paris Peace Conference at the Palace of Versailles begins
Delegates from 32 countries meet
Russia and Germany & its allies are NOT represented
The Big FourThe Big FourMajor decisions at Peace
Conference were made by the Big Four: Woodrow Wilson:
United States David Lloyd George:
Great Britain Georges Clemenceau:
France Vittorio Orlando:
Italy
Allies Dictate A Harsh PeaceAllies Dictate A Harsh Peace
Britain & France concerned w/ national security
Determined to punish Germany
Compromises are made: Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919
Major Provisions of TreatyMajor Provisions of Treaty
League of Nations: 5 Allied Powers and 32 allied and neutral nations; Germany & Russia excluded; goal is everlasting peace
Territorial Losses: Alsace-Lorraine & colonies in Africa & Pacific
1648-1871 ruled by France
1871Treaty of Frankfurt
Franco-Prussian Warceded to Germany
1871-1918 ruled by German Empire
1919 Treaty of Versailles restored to France
1919-1940 ruled by France
1940-1944 ruled by Third Reich
1945-present ruled by France
Military Restrictions: reduced size of Germany’s army; restricted importing & manufacturing of weapons
War Guilt: Article 231; Germany was held solely responsible; had to pay allies $33 Billion
Creation of New NationsMany new Independent nations were created – Germany divide
Austria-Hungary Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia
Many nations created from former lands of Russia
Poland, Romania Estonia, Latvia, etc…
Peace Built on Quicksand
Many in US wanted to stay out of European affairs
Many in US rejected Treaty of Versailles
War Guilt = Bitter Germans
Many countries felt cheated b/c wanted independence or more land
A League of NationsA League of Nations
One of Wilson’s 14 points
collective security Keep world peace
40 Nations joinedAgreed to negotiate disputesU.S. Refused to enter in the end – weakened the leagueVery weak, no way to enforce decisions
Legacy of the WarLegacy of the War
War on a global scaleAbout 8.5 million soldiers died; 21
million more woundedEconomic drain on Europe; total
cost $338 billionCountless homes, farms, & towns
destroyedLaid foundation for WWII