Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013
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Transcript of Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013
Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013
BellworkBellwork
bonemarkingsbonemarkings
On your own paper: On your own paper: id functions of the id functions of the skeletal system. skeletal system.
ClassworkClassworkHuman Skeleton:Human Skeleton:
General skeleton, General skeleton, classification of bonesclassification of bones
Axial vs. AppendicularAxial vs. AppendicularWords to describe Words to describe bone structuresbone structuresSkullSkullAssign skull projectAssign skull project
15 minute skull prep 15 minute skull prep timetime
Learning Targets•I can i.d. structures and functions of axial skeletal system
•I can describe processes related to bone development
Today’s Plan Sept 11, 2013Today’s Plan Sept 11, 2013
BellworkBellwork
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On your own paper: On your own paper: id functions of the id functions of the skeletal system. skeletal system.
ClassworkClassworkHuman Skeleton:Human Skeleton:
Bone Bone DevelopmentDevelopment
Skull labelingSkull labeling
15 minute skull 15 minute skull prep timeprep time
Learning Targets•I can i.d. structures and functions of axial skeletal system
•I can describe processes related to bone development
Today’s Plan Sept 12, 2013Today’s Plan Sept 12, 2013
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Concept map and Concept map and label skull boneslabel skull bones
On your own paper: On your own paper: id functions of the id functions of the skeletal system. skeletal system.
ClassworkClassworkHuman Skeleton:Human Skeleton:
Skull practiceSkull practice
Skull modelsSkull models
20 minute skull 20 minute skull prep timeprep time
Learning Targets•I can i.d. structures and functions of axial skeletal system
•I can describe processes related to bone development
Figure 7.17Figure 7.17
Figure 7.17Figure 7.17
Functions of Skeletal Functions of Skeletal SystemSystem
1.1. SupportSupportLower limbs, pelvis, Lower limbs, pelvis,
vertebrae support vertebrae support upper body.upper body.
2.2. Body Movement/ Body Movement/ LeverageLeverage
Bones and muscles Bones and muscles act as leversact as levers
3.3. ProtectionProtectionEyes, ears bones, Eyes, ears bones, brain, heart, lungsbrain, heart, lungs
Functions of Skeletal Functions of Skeletal SystemSystem
4. Blood Cell 4. Blood Cell productionproduction HemopoiesisHemopoiesis
Begins in yolk sac then Begins in yolk sac then to liver and spleen and to liver and spleen and eventually bone marroweventually bone marrow
2 kinds 2 kinds
Red marrowRed marrow Platelets, RBC and WBCPlatelets, RBC and WBC
Infants mostly have red Infants mostly have red marrowmarrow
Adults: red marrow is Adults: red marrow is stored in skull, ribs, stored in skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae and pelvisvertebrae and pelvis
Yellow MarrowYellow Marrow Stores fatStores fat
Within long bonesWithin long bones
FunctionsFunctions5. Inorganic salt 5. Inorganic salt
storagestorage CalciumCalcium
Blood clot formation, Blood clot formation, muscle contractionmuscle contraction
Nerve impulsesNerve impulses
PhosphorusPhosphorus
MgMg
NaNa
KK
Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton
Two divisionsTwo divisions of skeleton of skeleton
the axial and the appendicular skeleton.the axial and the appendicular skeleton.
Axial: includes all bones that support Axial: includes all bones that support organs of the head, neck, and trunk.organs of the head, neck, and trunk.
40% of skeleton40% of skeleton
Axi
al S
kele
ton
Axi
al S
kele
ton
Majo
r C
om
ponents
Majo
r C
om
ponents
SkullSkull :cranium and facial
:cranium and facial
bonesbones Middle Ear Bones
Middle Ear Bones (3 per (3 per
ear)ear) Hyoid bone
Hyoid bone Vertebral column
Vertebral column Thoracic cage
Thoracic cage: ribs and : ribs and
sternumsternum
Appendicular SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton consists of The appendicular skeleton consists of
the bones of the limbs and bones that the bones of the limbs and bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton.anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Pectoral girdlePectoral girdle: scapula, clavicle.: scapula, clavicle.
Upper limbsUpper limbs: humerus, radium, ulna, : humerus, radium, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
Pelvic girdle:Pelvic girdle: coxal bones. coxal bones.
Lower limbsLower limbs: femur, tibia, fibula, patella, : femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
Classification of Bones Classification of Bones *Bones are classified according to shape**Bones are classified according to shape*
1. Long Bones1. Long Bones
• Consists of a shaft Consists of a shaft with 2 endswith 2 ends
• Humerus, femur, Humerus, femur, radius, ulna, radius, ulna, palms, solespalms, soles
2.2.Short BonesShort Bones
• Cube-like shaped Cube-like shaped bonesbones
• Carpals, tarsalsCarpals, tarsals
3. 3. Flat BonesFlat Bones• Thin and usually Thin and usually
curved bonescurved bones
• Skull bones, Skull bones, sternum, scapula, sternum, scapula, ribsribs
4.4. Irregular BonesIrregular Bones Bones that not are Bones that not are
long, short or flatlong, short or flat
Vertebrae, auditory Vertebrae, auditory ossiclesossicles
5.5.Sesamoid BonesSesamoid Bones
• Usually small, round, and Usually small, round, and flat. They flat. They
develop inside tendonsdevelop inside tendons
• PatellaPatella
6.6.Wormian (sutural) Wormian (sutural) BonesBones
• Tiny bones in skull that Tiny bones in skull that lie lie between major between major skull bones skull bones
Bone Markings
Depressions and openings Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves allowing blood vessels and nerves
to passto pass
Meatus – Canal-like Meatus – Canal-like passagewaypassageway
• auditoryauditory
Sinus – cavity within bone, filled with air and Sinus – cavity within bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membranelined with mucous membrane
• skullskull
Fossa – shallow, basin like depression in a Fossa – shallow, basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular bone, often serving as an articular surfacesurface
Pelvis, scapula, mandibularPelvis, scapula, mandibular
Fontanel: aka Soft spotsFontanel: aka Soft spots
Groove – FurrowGroove – Furrow
• Mandibular grooveMandibular groove
SutureSuture• Interlocking union Interlocking union
b/t bonesb/t bones
CondylesCondyles• Rounded Rounded
projectionsprojections
• Usually articular Usually articular surfacessurfaces
Cra
niu
mC
raniu
m
Frontal bone: foreheadFrontal bone: forehead
Parietal bones: top of the skullParietal bones: top of the skull
Occipital bone: back of the skullOccipital bone: back of the skull
Temporal bones: side of skull, near earsTemporal bones: side of skull, near ears
Sphenoid bone:base of the craniumSphenoid bone:base of the cranium
Ethmoid bone: roof of the nasal cavityEthmoid bone: roof of the nasal cavity
SuturesSutures
Facial SkeletonFacial Skeleton• Maxillary bonesMaxillary bones: upper jaw, hard palate: upper jaw, hard palate
• Palatine bonesPalatine bones: hard palate, nasal cavity: hard palate, nasal cavity
• Zygomatic bonesZygomatic bones: cheek bones: cheek bones
• Lacrimal bonesLacrimal bones: orbit of the eye: orbit of the eye
• Nasal bonesNasal bones: bridge of the nose: bridge of the nose
• Vomer boneVomer bone: nasal septum: nasal septum
• Nasal conchaeNasal conchae: walls of the nasal cavity: walls of the nasal cavity
• MandibleMandible: lower jaw: lower jaw
Figure 7.19Figure 7.19
Figure 7.19Figure 7.19
Figure 7.21Figure 7.21
Figure 7.21Figure 7.21
Figure 7.22Figure 7.22
Figure 7.22 Figure 7.22
Figure 7.29Figure 7.29
Figure 7.29Figure 7.29
Figure 7.29Figure 7.29
Infa
nti
le S
kull
Infa
nti
le S
kull
The skull at birth is not
The skull at birth is not
fully developed.
fully developed. Fibrous membranes,
Fibrous membranes, fontanels, connect the
fontanels, connect the
cranial bones.
cranial bones. The fontanels allow
The fontanels allow movement of the bones
movement of the bones
to enable the skull to
to enable the skull to
pass through the birth
pass through the birth
canal.canal. The fontanels close as
The fontanels close as
cranial bones grow.
cranial bones grow.
Figure 7.33Figure 7.33
Figure 7.33Figure 7.33
Sin
use
sSin
use
s
FrontalFrontal SpenoidalSpenoidal EthmoidalEthmoidal maxillarymaxillary
Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column
Cervical vertebraeCervical vertebrae: seven vertebrae : seven vertebrae of the neck, includes atlas and axisof the neck, includes atlas and axis
Thoracic vertebraeThoracic vertebrae: twelve vertebrae : twelve vertebrae that articulate with the ribsthat articulate with the ribs
Lumbar vertebraeLumbar vertebrae: five vertebrae that : five vertebrae that make up the small of the backmake up the small of the back
Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column Sacrum: five Sacrum: five
vertebrae that vertebrae that fuse in early fuse in early adulthood, adulthood, part of the part of the pelvispelvis
Coccyx: four Coccyx: four small fused small fused vertebraevertebrae
Figure 7.34
Thoracic CageThoracic Cage
Ribs: twelve pair of ribs attached to Ribs: twelve pair of ribs attached to each thoracic vertebrae.each thoracic vertebrae.
Seven pairs: true ribs and attach to the Seven pairs: true ribs and attach to the sternum by costal cartilage.sternum by costal cartilage.
Two pairs: false ribs that attach to Two pairs: false ribs that attach to cartilage.cartilage.
Thoracic CageThoracic Cage
Two pairs: floating ribs that do not Two pairs: floating ribs that do not attach to the sternum or its cartilage.attach to the sternum or its cartilage.
Sternum: the manubrium, the body, and Sternum: the manubrium, the body, and the xyphoid process.the xyphoid process.
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student_view0/chapter7/chapter7/labeling_exercises.htm
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