Today’s Camera Technology - Image Sensor -

National Institute of Technology, Kagawa CollegeAdvanced Course in Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering

01-16 Keita Yamazaki------------------------------------------------

C a m e r a o b s c u r a

© JCII Camera Museum

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P h o t o g r a p h i c p l a t ed a g u e r r é o t y p e

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3 5 m m f i l mP h o t o g r a p h f i l m

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I n s t a n t c a m e r aT w i n - l e n s r e f l e x c a m e r a

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D i g i t a l c a m e r aS i n g l e - l e n s r e f l e x c a m e r a

© Canon / Amazon.co.jp© Canon / Amazon.co.jp

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S m a r t p h o n e ( i P h o n e )

i S i g h t c a m e r a© Apple © Apple

© m0bilecenter.org

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© Gigazine © Gigazine

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Structure© Nikon

Viewfinder

Finder Screen

Image Sensor

ShutterMirror

Diaphragm

Lens

Shutter Button

Pentaprism / Pentamirror

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Structure© Nikon

Viewfinder

Finder Screen

Image Sensor

ShutterMirror

Diaphragm

Lens

Shutter Button

Pentaprism / Pentamirror

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Image Sensor

Image Sensor Collection of Photo Diode

© VLCC

Lens

The Lens of the eye

Pupil(Lens)

Iris(Diaphragm)

Retina(Image Sensor)

Optic Nerve

Image Sensor (CCD / CMOS)

Human Eye

© JST

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Photo Diode

can capture intensity of light.

can’t read COLORS.

The Photo Diode is a monochrome sensor.

© livedoor

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How To Record ColorsPhoto Diode(Opto Electronic Devices)

Color Filter

On-Chip Lens

Lens

Object

Image Sensor Output Electrical Signals

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This method name is “Bayer Image Sensor”.

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Bayer Image Sensor Bayer Image Sensor

© SIGMA015

Bayer Image Sensor Bayer Image Sensor

Why?

© SIGMA016

Bayer Image Sensor Bayer Image Sensor

Why?

© SIGMA

Spectral Luminous Efficiency

Wavelength

Sp

ect

ral

Resp

on

se

Human eye's sensitivity is different depending on the wavelength.

017

Demosaicking Bayer Image Sensor

© SIGMA

𝑅31 𝐺32 𝑅33

𝐵22

𝐵42

𝑅32′

𝐺32

𝐵32′

𝑃32

Estimation the top and bottom of the blue= CHROMA COMPENSATION

Estimationleft and right of the red

= CHROMA COMPENSATION

COLOR RESTORATION

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Bayer Image SensorFoveon X3 Direct Image Sensor

Foveon X3 Direct Image Sensor© SIGMA019

Three Layer Structure

Depth of its layer structure

Bayer Image SensorFoveon X3 Direct Image Sensor

© SIGMA

© SIGMA

Foveon X3 Direct Image Sensor020

Conclusion

To pursue “100%” is a kind of OBSESSION by an engineer.

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Conclusion

is something like FETISHISM of camera’s developer.is in demand to NICHE MARKET.

OBSESSIVENESS

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In the near future,It’s important for us to pursue fetishism to technology and develop products.

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Thank you for your listening!Keita Yamazaki------------------------------

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