Today Apple Maps Labeling in GIS Labeling in Adobe Illustrator.
-
Upload
matilda-tate -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of Today Apple Maps Labeling in GIS Labeling in Adobe Illustrator.
Today
• Apple Maps• Labeling in GIS• Labeling in Adobe Illustrator
What is broken?
• Not the face of the map…• The gazetteer• The base data• The routing engine
Course Update
• MEET AT MAP COLLECTION WEDNESDAY!!
• End of Intro Module
• Lab this week…
POINT LABEL PLACEMENT
• Lowercase• Consistent location and spacing• Imply geographic relationships
with label locations
Line Label Placement
• Text that labels a line feature should follow that line
• Small gap between the line and label
• Many errors are possible
Line labels
• type should always be upright and be read from left-to-right…
• Vertical type should be readable from the right side of the page
• See figure 11.26 in your book
Note the errors
Labeling curves• ArcMap, Freehand enable you to attach type to
lines and curves (splines)• These curves should be simple
– A smooth approximation of the geographic feature
– Gradual changes in character orientation
What is a Spline?
• In computer graphics, a smooth curve that passes through two or more points. Splines are generated with mathematical formulas. Two of the most common types of splines are Bezier curves and b-spline curves.
Guidelines, er guidesplines!
•The fewer points, the better•Usually 2 or 3 points are enough
–Gentle “c” shaped curves–Gentle “s” shaped curves
•Remember to k e r n, but not too much on curves…
What the heck?
Guidelines: line feature labels
• Label along feature portions
Guidelines: line feature labels
• Label along feature portions• Use slight character spacing
Guidelines: line feature labels
• Label along feature portions• Use slight character spacing• Repeat labels for long features
Guidelines: line feature labels
•Label along feature portions•Use slight character spacing•Repeat labels for long features•Place label at straight, horizontal
portions
Guidelines: line feature labels
• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference
Guidelines: line feature labels
• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference
• Position labels above features if possible
Guidelines: line feature labels
• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference
• Position labels above features if possible
• No upside down labels
Guidelines: line feature labels
•Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference
•Position labels above features if possible
•No upside down labels•Use simple splines to approximate
feature
Guidelines: line feature labels
• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference
• Position labels above features if possible• No upside down labels• Use simple splines to approximate feature• Small, consistent gaps between features and
labels
Let’s move on to Area Labels
• Shall we?
Area labels
• Area feature labels indicate extent• Often include large amounts of
character spacing (K E R N I N G)• Point size enlargement (Not good)• Curved labels are good
– Imply horizontal and vertical extent
Guidelines: area labels
•Suggest area extent with label–Position–Leading and Kerning–Curves
•Use uppercase letters (usually)•Adjust position that gaps fit across features
Hey Mister,What happens when
there are a lot of labels?
• What do we do then?
Dense label placement
Dense label placementtoo many leader lines
Dense label placement
Dense label placementtoo many road breaks
Dense label placement
Labels as symbols
• Labels are used as cues
Labels as symbols
• Labels are used as cues– Help map readers find and
categorize– Operates almost subconsciously
Labels as symbols
• Labels are used as cues– Help map readers find and
categorize– Operates almost subconsciously
• Learn how to make sensible groups of labels
Labels as symbols
•Labels are used as cues–Help map readers find and categorize
–Operates almost subconsciously•Learn how to make sensible groups of labels
•Lack of type differences on map create unnecessary confusion
Indicators of location
• Important for point lables• Know how to align text
– Depends on point/label relationship
• What happens when text is enlarged, or labels have multiple lines?
Text alignment and label position
Poor label planning
Poor label planning: when text is
enlarged…
Good label planning
Good label planning
Labels and feature categories
• Groups of type and groups of features– Organize your map features by
varying type styles– Beware of accidental hierarchies
• Point size, bold text, color lightness…
For Categorization adjust these label
properties• Font (type family)
• Style (roman/italic)
• Color hue
• arrangement
For Categorization adjust these label
properties• Font (type family)
• Style (roman/italic)
• Color hue
• arrangement
For Categorization adjust these label
properties• Font (type family)
• Style (roman/italic)
• Color hue
• arrangement
For Categorization adjust these label
properties• Font (type family)
• Style (roman/italic)
• Color hue
• arrangement
For Categorization adjust these label
properties• Font (type family)
• Style (roman/italic)
• Color hue
• arrangement
For Categorization adjust these label
properties• Font (type family)
• Style (roman/italic)
• Color hue
• arrangement
Labels and Feature Hierarchy
• Labels can also imply hierarchy– For example: city size, road width
Labels and Feature Hierarchy
•Labels can also imply hierarchy–For example: city size, road width
•How is this done?•Be aware of the link between label
hierarchy and map purpose!–Which labels should be most/least prominent?
For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties
• Point Size
• Weight
• Lightness
• Case
For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties
• Point Size
• Weight
• Lightness
• Case
For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties
• Point Size
• Weight
• Lightness
• Case
For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties
• Point Size
• Weight
• Lightness
• Case
For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties
• Point Size
• Weight
• Lightness
• Case
Perceptual Salience
• Label hierarchy is achieved by understanding how type properties influence perceptual salience