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To Produce and To Consume Food: Photosynthesis and the Digestive System Living Things Living Things need…

To Produce (verb) = To Make Producer (noun) = uses energy

to make its own food To consume (verb) = To Use,

to eat or to drink Consumer (noun) = living thing

that eats other living things

Living things are humans, animals and plants.** Living things are (1) made up of cells, (2) get and use energy, (3) grow, (4) reproduce (have babies), and (5) respond to or adapt to changes in the environment or stimulus (singular) or stimuli (plural). Stimuli are anything in the environment that changes a plant or animal’s behavior. For example, if you hear a loud noise at night, your heart may beat faster. A dog is hot, so it sits under a tree. When it rains, you use an umbrella. A plant will grow towards the sun or light. **Microorganisms or viruses, bacteria and fungi are also living things.

 

To survive or to live, living things need: Sunlight: (1) as a source of energy, and (2) for heat.

Food (nutrients): (1) for energy or fuel to grow, reproduce, move and work; (2) to fix or repair cells

Water: (1) to hydrate – to keep it wet; (2) (plants) to stay firm and upright and to get nutrients; (3) (animals) to digest food and keep cells healthy.

Air: (1) (animals) oxygen (O2)to survive (breathe); (2) (plants) carbon dioxide (CO2) to survive

Habitat (home or shelter): (1) the right or correct temperature; (2) safe and secure home

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How plants produce or make food: Photosynthesis How humans consume or use food: Energy

Photo = light Synthesis = make Plant (noun)

To plant (verb)

Put in the ground (soil) so it will grow

Plants use light from the sun to make food. The sun is the energy. The energy changes water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) and sugar (glucose). The plant “eats” the sugar (glucose). Animals, including humans, breathe the oxygen. COs + H2O + Energy (Carbon Dioxide) (Water) (Sun)

Photosynthesis takes 5 – 30 seconds. Plants get nutrients from the soil. O2 + Glucose (oxygen) (sugar)

Chlorophyll is the green color (pigment) in leaves. It helps plants absorb (soak up) or caputure (take and hold) light energy from the sun to make sugar. Sugar is a nutrient that mixes with water. The sugar is the plant’s food.

Food gives people energy. We need food to grow and live. We need nutrients. Nutrients are in food. We need nutrients to be healthy. Nutrients are (1) carbohydrates, (2) fats or oil, (3) proteins, (4) vitamins and minerals and (5) water.

To nourish (verb) Nourishment (noun) Nutrition (noun) Nutrient (noun) Nutritious (adjective)

 

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How humans consume or use food: Nutrients How humans consume or use food: Nutrients Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates or starch give you energy. Carbohydrates have starch and sugar. Your cells break down carbohydrates for energy. Carbohydrates are in foods like bread, rice, pasta, and fruit.

Fats or Oil

Fats or oils give your body energy. Fats insulate your body – they keep you not too hot and not too cold. Fats protect your organs like your brain, stomach, heart and lungs.Your body does not need a lot of fat. Fats are in oil, fish, and beans.

Protein

Protein builds and repairs or fixes your body. Protein helps your body fight disease. Most foods have some protein. Protein is in meat, fish, nuts, eggs, beans, seeds and milk / cheese.

Vitamins and Minerals Minerals help your bones, teeth and muscles grow. Minerals are in salt, food and drinking water. Vitamins help your body use energy from food. Vitamins repair, or fix, damaged, or hurt, tissues and cells. Tissues are a group of cells that work together. Tissues keep our bodies together and help us move. Vitamins are in many fruits and vegetables.

Water

Your body is 50% - 70% water. Water keeps your body temperature safe. Water transports or moves nutrients through your body. Water cleans your body when you urinate. Water is in fruits and vegetables.

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How humans process food: Digestion Steps in the Digestion Process

To digest (verb) – to change food you have eatten into a simplier form so your body can use the food for energy and nutrition.

Digestion (noun) – the process or steps of breaking down food into

a simplier form after you eat it.

Digestive System (noun) – the organs (mouth, stomach) in your body that work together to break down food for energy and

nutrition. Digestion lets or allows your body to get nutrients and energy from food and water. The digestive system processes or breaks down the food. The digestive system excretes or gets rid of waste (urine, feces / excrement). Food

 

waste

First: Mouth

Teeth chew or mash the food into small pieces.

Saliva or spit helps make

the food moist or wet. This helps break the food

into small pieces.

The tongue sends taste information to your brain. The tongue pushes food to the back of the mouth.

The throat connects or joins the mouth to the

esophagus. It helps you swallow food.

Teeth

Throat

Tongue

Saliva or spit

Second: Esophagus

The esophagus is a pipe or tube that that pushes or

moves food from the mouth to the stomach. It has muscles that push or

force the food down.

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Steps in the Digestion Process Steps in the Digestion Process Third: Stomach

The stomach breaks down foods into tiny particles or

pieces. The acid and muscles in the stomach break down and grind up the food. Food stays

in the stomach for about 4 hours.

 

Fourth: Liver, Gallbladder and

Pancreas The liver has bile. The bile is stored or kept in the gall

bladder. Bile breaks up fat into smaller parts. The pancrease makes

hormones like insulin.

The pancrease has enzymes that digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The gallbladder and pancreas inject or put

enzymes into the small intestine.

Steps in the Digestion Process Steps in the Digestion Process

Fifth: Small Intestine

The small intestine is a long, thin tube or hose. The small intestine has chemicals called enzymes. Enzymes break the

food into fats, proteins and sugars. These are nutrients.

The nutrients are absorbed, or sucked or soaked up, by your

blood. This is called absorption.

 

Sixth: Large Intestine

The large intestine is a short, fat tube or hose. Any food that your body does not need or can not use goes to the large

intestine. It leaves your body as waste.

  Steps in the Digestion Process Steps in the Digestion Process

Seventh: Rectum and Anus The rectum stores or keeps feces or solid waste until you go to the bathroom. The muscle in the rectum pushes it out of the anus.

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Human Digestive System Human Digestive System

How long is the human digestive system?

Organ Centimeters Inches Esophagus 25 cm about 10 inches Small intestines 7 meters (700 cm) about 23 feet Large intestines 1.5 meters (150

cm) about 5 feet

Stomach 20 cm about 8 inches --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Word box: mouth, small intestine, rectum / anus, esophagus, stomach, large intestine.

How long does food stay in your body?

Organ** How long? Mouth 10 seconds

Esophagus 5 – 6 second Stomach 2 – 4 hours

Small intenstine 5 – 6 hours Large intestine 12 – 24 hours

TOTAL:

**An organ is a group of tissues that has a specific function or role. A

tissue is a group of cells that work together. For example, muscle tissues make up your muscle.

_________________________________________________ Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis takes 5 – 30 seconds. Word box: carbon dioxide, sugar (glucose), oxygen, water

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