To Determine Whether Something is a Mineral,We Ask 4 Questions:

_______________________________?

__________________________________?

____________________________________?

______________________________________________________________?

If the answer to ALL 4 QUESTIONS is YES…It’s a _________________________!

NO

NO

NO

NO Not

a M

iner

al

How Many Minerals ARE THERE?• Over ____________ minerals occur naturally

on earth

• LESS THAN _______ MINERALS ARE COMMON

• “Common” minerals are called “_________ _________________Minerals” because they form the rocks that make up Earth’s crust

• Common Rock Forming Minerals: ____________, Calcite, ____________, Halite, Gypsum

How Do Minerals Form?• Two Most Common Ways: – From cooling____________ or ____________

– From the _______________________ of mineral-rich water

• Minerals can also form:– during ____________________________

– When hot, mineral-rich solutions ______________ ______________ (metallic minerals forming in veins)

How are Minerals Classified?

• Into 2 Groups based on their _____________ ___________________: – Silicates (contain Silicon (Si) ___________ Oxygen (O)–Non-Silicates (contain Si ____ O, but not ______)

• By looking at the ___________ _____________ of a mineral, you can tell if it’s a Silicate or Non-Silicate Mineral

Contain Silicon (Si) ________ Oxygen (O)

Quartz: (contains ONLY Si _______ O)

Feldspars (contains Si, O, + ______________

______________)

Make up _____% of the Earth’s Crust

Feldspars and Quartz alone make up over

______ % of the Earth’s Crust!

Silicate Minerals

Do NOT contain Silicon (Si) _______ Oxygen (O)They CAN contain either

Si ________ O

Make up only _____% of Earth’s Crust

Halite (NaCl) Calcite (CaCO3)

Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu)Galena (PbS)Pyrite (FeS2)

Organized into 6 groups (You don’t have to memorize all the names!) Pg. 113

Non-Silicate Minerals

Are the Following Minerals Silicate, or Non-Silicate Minerals?

• Fluorite (CaF2) ______________

• Hematite (Fe2O3) _______________

• Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) ____________

• Pyrite (FeS2) ________________

• Quartz (SiO2) _________________

Crystal Structure• All minerals have a

crystalline ___________• Crystal shape is

determined by the arrangement of ____________ in the solid

• Really nice big crystals only form where ________ allows (caves, bottom of bodies of water, etc)

• Usually crystals don’t have room to grow and so they grow as a big _________. This makes it difficult to determine crystal shape.