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TO COOPERATE OR NOT TO COOOPERATE REGIONAL ACADEMY FOR DEMOCRACY, 30.6.2013 Slide 2 UNDERSTANDING COOPERATION? Who we are? Why we behave the way we do? How to be more efficient in our cooperative efforts? Slide 3 (EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 ? Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 A cooperator is someone who pays a cost, for another individual to receive a benefit Slide 12 (EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION Slide 13 Cooperation is the process by which the components of a system work together to achieve the global properties. In other words, individual components that appear to be selfish and independent work together o create a highly complex, greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts system Slide 14 (EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION Slide 15 Slide 16 No hint of genuine charity ameliorates our vision of society, once sentimentalism has been laid aside. What passes for cooperation turns out to be a mixture of opportunism and exploitation...Scratch an altruist, and watch a hypocrite bleed. Ghiselin (1974, p. 247) Slide 17 (EVOLUTION OF) COOPERATION Slide 18 Slide 19 Mistake? Heart in a sleeve? Manipulation? Moralistic reciprocity? Cultural group selection? Slide 20 TASK 1 Slide 21 DICTATOR GAME Slide 22 Slide 23 TASK 2 Slide 24 ULTIMATUM GAME Slide 25 Slide 26 TASK 2 Slide 27 Homo economicus? Slide 28 TASK 3 Slide 29 PRISONERS DILEMMA Slide 30 Slide 31 HAWK DOVE Slide 32 Slide 33 Slide 34 FISHPOND In this role-playing game, players are asked to fish in a pond. At the beginning of the game, the pond contains four fish per player (e.g. 20 players = 80 fish). The game is played in rounds. In each round, every player may catch between zero and three fish. The remaining fish multiply between rounds. The game lasts for a maximum of ten rounds. Slide 35 TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS Slide 36 Slide 37 COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES In summary, success in an evolutionary "game" correlated with the following characteristics: Be nice: cooperate, never be the first to defect. Be provocable: return defection for defection, cooperation for cooperation. Don't be envious:: be fair with your partner Don't be too clever: or, don't try to be tricky Slide 38 COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES [T]here must be some coercive power to compel men equally to the performance of their covenants by the terror of some punishment greater than the benefit they expect by the breach of their covenant.... (Hobbes 1651, p. 120 Slide 39 COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES Credibility enhancing display credible commitment actions speak louder than words? Slide 40 COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES Group identity and Identiy fusion Slide 41 COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES Group identity and Identiy fusion Slide 42 COOPERATION RULES AND GUIDELINES Group identiy and Identiy fusion Slide 43 AND SOME GOOD NEWS FOR THE END