TO - apps.dtic.mil · from ingots cast in a standard 20" x 239 ingot r.cla and those cast in tho...
48
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Transcript of TO - apps.dtic.mil · from ingots cast in a standard 20" x 239 ingot r.cla and those cast in tho...
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OSRD list no. 11 dtd 4-8 Mar 1946; OTS indexdtd Jun 1947
t* JL. ■.wi^nna mm .> TTrs-^TSfasasssssaBCR eg
Reproduced by
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A x.
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NATIOUL
curt- 2.1 RBBAKH oooana
of
Dedr
I err, OFFICE CF SCUSTIFIC RESEARCH AID DESOJOPtatn
MAR UKTALLURGT DIVISION
1
Final Report
on
IMPROVEMENT IN GUN STJLL IM0OT PRACTICE (CD-3.',-J)x PART II - PLANT EXPKRIKifflTS
by
u§ *• *. SPRKTNAK, AND C. F. SAtfXER CARNEGIE IM&TIIUfJ. OF MONOLOG!
OGhD No. 5 t:ii<
Serial No. H-3AO
Copy No. *§
Augoat 13, 1945
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RESTRICTED
August 13, 1945
To: Dr. Janes Ba Conant, Chair.-r.an National Defense Research Jonnittee of the Office of Scientific Research and Development
Fron: '.Var Metallurg Division (Div. 18), NDKC
Subject: Final Report on "Improvement in Quo Ste«l In„ot Practice (OD-3*-3): Part II - Plant Experiments"
The attached final report subaitt.-^ by B« F. .' ahlf Technical Representative en U'jdC itetcirch Project NRC-39, has been approved by representative- of the ..'ar Me'-aHurjv Ccrvdt.'-o in charge of the work»
The first section of this report presents a co,-..{^ristn between the bore quality of experimental seanljaa . un tubes a.adc from ingots cast in a standard 20" x 239 ingot r.cla and those cast in tho sane mold *..ith a carbon insert in the oottoa. The second section compares the quality of the steel in basic open hearth ingots cast by direct pouring through a 2" nezzie an. by basket pouring through l^" and 1-3A" nozzles.
I recommend acceptance as a satisfactory final report on a phase of the work u »der Contract 0Bta>755 with the ;arne,;iu Instituto of Technology.
-3 Respectfully OUbnittMf
0 c r • Clyde Aiilia.J, Chief Ar Kutallurgy Division
Enclosure
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This report La pertinent to the problems designated by the Ifar Department Uaison Officer with BDBC as 03-34-3, and to the project designated by the bar Metallurgy Division as BDBC Research Project KRC-39,
The distribution of this report is as follows:
Copies Bo.' 1 thru 7 - Dr. Irvin Stewart , Executive Se ere tars' i OSBD Copy Bo. 8 - Clyde Williame, Chief, Mar Metallurgy Hvision (Dir. 18)» BERC
and Chairman, Ibr Metallurg Committee Copy No. 9 - Office of the Executive Secretary, 'ear .'Metallurgy Committee Copy Bo. 10 - V. E. Sehneo, Chairman, Product e He search Division,
Var Metallurgy Committeo Copy Bo. 11 - H. V. Oillett, Ksmber, Division 18, NEHC Copy Bo. 12 - S. D. Heron, Member, Division 18, BDBC Copy Bo. 13 - Zay .Jeffries, Member, Division 18, BDBC Copy Bo. 14 - R. 7. Mehl, Meaber, Division 18, BERC Copy Bo. IS - H. C. Toloan, Chairman, Sab-Committee for Division 16, EDRC Copy Bo. II »eger Mem», Ihrtssy Bab Committee for division IB. SDBC Copy Bo. 17 - J. E. Jackson, Staff Aide for Div. 18, Office of the Chairman, 27TEC Copies Bo. 18 thru 40 - Dr. Franklin S. Cooper, Senior Liaison Officer,
Liaison Office, OSRD Copies Bo. 41 and 42 - Dr. franklin S. Cooper, Liaison Office, for spociü
transmission to T. Hardy and to the IV.ion of South Africa Copy Bo. 43 - W H. Adams, Chief, Division One, BDBC Copy Bo. 44 - Ila.-.y Department,' Office of Inspection of Saval Material,
MzchnlMlttoburch Areq,.Attn: Commander C. E. Xgclor Copy Bo. 14 - R. 7. Mehl, Technical Representative, BDEC Rosoareh Project N2C*>39 Copy Bo. 45 - J. V, Spretnak, Investigator, BDBC Re eoarch Project ÜRC-39 Copy Bo. 46 - C. 7. Sawyor, Investigator, BDBC Research Project BRC-39 Copy Bo. 47 - C. Valla, Investigator, BDBC Research Project BRC-39
Project Liaison Officers
Copy Bo. 48 - Army Service Forces, Commanding General, 'entertown Arsenal Attnl Director of Laboratories
Copy Bo. 49 - Knvy Department, Bureau of Ordnance Attnl Lt. Comdr. 3. D. mils, Jr.
Members of the Project Committee
Copy Bo. 50 - Jerome Strauss, Copy Bo. 51 - D. I. Brown Copy Bo. 52 - John Chipman Copy Bo. 53 - Z. R. Johnson
Chairman Copy Bo. 5* - Copy Bo. 56 - Copy Bo. 56 - Copy Bo. 57 -
C. 3. Sims Gilbort Solcr 2. T. knit on 3-1. 8. L. Co:
Consultant
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•
Members of the Project Cocr.lttoes, HOC 3o«enroll Projects 2210-38, 00« And 31
Copy Ho« Copy 27c» Copy Ho. Copy »o. Copy Ho. 60 Copy Wo. 61
57 56 48 - Director .:f labs., Jfecertovn Afeenai Cjpy Ho« 63 - Howard Scott 59 . - _
Col. S. X» Conner« Coasultoxt 2. S. j>.v3cport
Ccpy 17o. 49 - It« Cccdx» B. Ok Kills Copy Ho. 62 - 3. I» Blckott
F. 3. Toley V. 0. ffillorf C. 0. Hsrrltt
Capy ro. 64 - A. P. Spocncr Copy lib. 50 - Jerone Streuet Copy ::o." 65 - A. 2. Jrolnno
Copy Copy Copy Copy Ccpy Copy Copy Ccpy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy C^py
No. 66 3fo. 67 Bo. 68 17o. 69 3b. 70 Ho. 11 Ho. 12 Ho. 71 Ho. 13 Hb. 72 So. 73 Hb« 74 :7c, 75 I7c. 75
Koeberu t the Ifar Ketallurfiy Cbacittee
Carl Breer lynan J. 3rifts Jones 2. Critchctt Col« H. S. A. Zou^nerty Rudolph furn.r H. V. Oillct« S. 3. Bbroc ?.. P.- Houer Zny Jeffries Sol. G. F. «Tonka J. 3. Johncor. John Johnston T. L. Joseph 7. V, Krlvobok
Copy Ho. 77 Copy Hb. 78 Copy He. 79 Copy Ho. 80 Copy Ho. 14 Copy Ho. 81 Copy Ho. 82 Copy 17b. 83 Copy He. 84 Copy Ho. 85 Copy Ho. 86
Copy Ho. 87 Copy Ho. 88
Tredorick Inlst V. Z. lewis Loan C. X. HncQilg*; C. I« KeOuon 2. 7. Hohl Paul 2« Mori en Col« S. 3. Hitchie u. Z. Soil Mac Short Cr.pt. Xybmnd Scith Col. A. 2. A-hitc P. V. Wlllarc! H. S. Mllin.no Col. E. B. Zornlc
Copy 17o. 48
Copy lie. 89
Copy ire. 90
Copy :». 91
Copy ME P*
Copy 17c. S3 Oopy ;7o. 9-: Copy !7c. 95 Copy :::. 95 Cop] -7c. ?7 C.r.; :7c. 23 Co«y re. 9S
Monbors cf t! äub-Conatttoe on Qun Por^infs» Ferrous Mct.ill-irf .icr.l Advisory Board« Ordnance 3epnrtr.or.t
Qftooronent Hep*?eaontntive8
• Amy Serv7ce 3\>r'CJ, Cocnnndliv Cenornl, Vnt-rtown Arsannl Attnl ?i:-.»c t i of laboratories
• Aray Service KfC»«T» J^sarndlng General, **-tprtown Arsenr.l Attn: Jh/io;.* J. .'i Schwitter, I^/oi.-nt jry
• Amy Service fMrcssi Ccccondln. Senern], jhtertown Arsonnl Attn: liorsjar. I. .Heed« Za.bcritory
• .Iray Service lbrceua Corsnnndln^ --cncr*\l, '/.*?.tortcwn Arsonnl Attai ?, />. B1131|pn, Ocnsmtnnt
• .cr.y SLT-/)'-'.- .'ft ~os .1 •scr.nÄlr. JO.*.■-i, v-i-.cr.'li.at Arsonnl äit.n: r-is ; s. i« Sonar
Aon? Svvtto JTcru««! Diat.-lct Z'j&*t'% district :..ic, district ::.ijf.
Arc," Iwilce * 2M.es. Aray cirvicc JtHreee«
JMc# OmsBOt District Cincinnati Or nnr.ee lintrlct Qerrtland OMHMI district
- Ana;' Service I'orcos» District Ci.iof, Dotr.it Orinnnco Diatrlct Amy Service Any So; rli o Any IsrvUii: Arcy Sn-riati
'crro-, nstrict 3'.ief. :fcv V..\: Crdnanco District iti*% ^3trict \Jc-\ Dril: -;::-.:in Ordcaneo IIstrict :.-c#5. Xfrt 'r.; ;_: if, ?lttsbur«fa Crin/---.co :istrict ::*cc3, "7irt.;4it T. j;', :Lcc.;ci-;r -Tdrjmco restrict
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Copy So« 100 - Copy No. 101 - Copy ITo« 102 -
Copy No. 103 -
Copy No. 104 -
Copy No« 105 -
Copy iro« 106 -
Copy Ho, 107 -
Copy No. 50 -
Copy 22b« 49 -
Copy ilo. 108 -
Copy No. 109 -
Copy No. 110 -
Copy No. Ill -
Members of the Sab-Committee on Oun Forcings» Ferrous Metallurgical Advisory Board, Ordnance Depart-ont
Government Representatives (Cont'd)
• Arcy Service Forces, District Chief, St. Louie Ordnance District • Amy Service Forces, District Chief, Ann Francisco Ordnance District • iny Service Tore es, Headquarter«
Attnl Lt. Colonel S. A. -Richardson • Army Service Forces, Office, Chief of Ordnance
Attn: It* Colonel G. M. Tntsovitch, Industrial Division Army Service Forces, Office* Chief of Ordnance
Attn: It* Colonel G* 14 Cox, Artillery Development Division Army Service Forces, Ordnance Design Sub-Ofricc
.Attn: Major P. V* Constance, franklin Institute Amy Service Forces, Office, Chief of Ordnance
Attnl Z* I* Hollady, Technical Division Army Sorvico Forces, Office, Chief of Ordnanco
Attnl J. D* Duabar, Industrial Division National Research Council, War Metallurg* Committee
Attn: Jeromo Strauss Navy Department, Bureau'of Ord—ancc
Attn: It* Comdr. B. D* Kills, Jr. Navy Department, Buroau of Ordnance
Attn: J. E* Fortch Navy Department, Naval Oun Factory, Washington Navy Yard
Attnl Cosanander H« H. L&obert Navy Department, Uavr.l Oun Shctory, Washington Navy Yard
Attnl Lt. E. ö. Kepeeki War Production Board,
Attnl H. J, French, Technical Consultant
Government Representative - Allied Countries
Copy No. 112 - Inspection Board of United Kingdom and Canada, J. 3* for&an
Copy Copy Copy Copy Oopy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy
No. 113 No. 114 No. 115 :;o« 116 No. 117 No. 118 No. 64 No. 119 No. 120 Ho. 121 No. 51 No. 122
Copy No. 123 -
Industrial Representatives
Adirondack Foundries and St«91, Inc., C. L. Richards Adirondack Foundries and Steel, Inc., E. K. Sullivan Allls-Chalmors Manufacturing Company, J. 7* Jarman Allis-Chalmcrs Manufacturing Company, A. J. Zonk American Locomotive Company, Z. J. Idwarda American Loconotive Company, L. F. Hilholland Bethlehem Stool Company, A* P. Spooner Bethlehem Steel Co:-.pony, C 5. Trozell Cabot Slops, Inc., V. D. For aha Cabot Shops, Inc., 2* I. KcCray Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation, 2. I* Frown Commanding General, Vatertovn Ar.-r.-il
Attn: Captain D. 2. lewhall Commnndittf Gcnoral, itxtertov:. Arsenal
Attn: Captain C. L. Fruitt
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Copy No. 124
Copy Bo, 125
Copy lib« 126 Copy No. 61 Copy No, 127 Copy No, 128 Copy No, 129 Copy Bo« 130 Copy No« 131 Copy No. 132 Copy No. 133 Copy Bo« 134 Copy Bo« 135 Copy Bo« 136 Copy Bo« 137 Copy No, 138 Oopy Bo, 139 Copy No, 140 Copy !To« 141 Ccpy No. 142 Copy Bo« 143 Ccpy Bo, 144 Ccpy 2Tc, 145 Copy Bo« 146
Ccpy Bo« 148 Copy Bo« 149 Copy Bo, 150 Copy Bo« 151 Copy No,- 152 Copy Bo. 153 Copy Bo« 154 Ccpy Bo« 155 Copy Bo, 156 Copy No, 157 Copy No. i&e Copy Bo. 159 Copy Nc. 160 Ccpy No. 161 • Copy Be, 162 • Ccpy Be. 60 . Ccpy No. 163 - Ccpy Bo. 164 . Copy Bo. 165 ■ Copy Nc. 166 •
Members of the Sub-Coaaittee on Can Jbrginge, Per rous Metallurgical Advisory Board» Ordnance Department
•.Industrial 'Represent at ive8 ( Cont'd)
• Commanding General, entert own Arsenal Attnt It. B. A. Birch
- Commanding General, Watertovn Arsenal Attn: J. L. Martin ;
- Copperweld Steel Conpany, V, H, B, Newell - Crucible Steel Company of America. Cf« G. Merritt - Dickson Gun Plant, Captain R. S, Ihapp - Dickson Gun Plant, 2. A. Reneau - DicJcson Gun Plant, R. K, Schlunpf - Henry Diaston A Sons, X«. X. Spring - Idgewater Steel Company, C, X. Corson - Idgewater Steal Company, M. M. fcasler - Brio Jbrge Conpany» /. J. Mhite, Jr. - A« Plnkl & Sons Company, V« Pinkl - A. Plnkl A Sons Company, T, A. lodin - Heller Brothers Conpany, R, A« Beisner - Holler Brothers Company« V. M. Heller - Hindorliter Tool Company» D. R. Hinderliter - Hindorliter Tool Company» J. H. Hopkins - <4o8ta Machine Company» C. R. Martin - The Midvale Company, H. X» Prevert - The Midvale Company» A» 0, Schaefer - Milwaukee Porge & Machine Company» R. H. Smith - National Jorge 4 Ordnance Company» C. V« Johnson - National Jorge & Ordnance Company, B« 3, ludwie - National Supply Company» M. T« Archer
- National lube Company» V« B« Kennedy - Ohio Steel Foundry Company» H. R. McCoy - Pennsylvania TOTLV Corpomtion» A« Z. Nissen • Pennsylvania Porge Corporation» I« A, Probst» Jr* - Pittsburgh Steel Company, Y« B« Parnsvorth - Pittsburgh Steel Company» Carl L. Zak - Beed Boiler Bit Company» C« H. Shapiro - Republic Steel Company, 7, V« Graze - Republic Steel Corporation» Roy E. Allen - Ridge wood Steel Company, V. C« McConnell • Ridgcvood Steel Company» ..'« H. Mitchell • Rotary Slectric Stoel Company, Robert Ser.tBon - Star Drilling Machine Company, J. Allison • Struthors «ells Corporation, &•> H Johnson » St rut ho rs 'sells Corporation, 2. 7, Murphy • Ilmken Roller Beiring Company» V« 0, Hildorf > Timken Roller Beariug Company» H. 3. Timken» *r9 • Union Jlectric Steel Corporation» 3. S, Gorman • Union Electric Steel Corporation, Z. C, Ray • Youngstovn Sheet and ?abe Ccspany, 3« A, Reinhardt
RESTRICTED Members of the Aib-Committee on Oun Forcings,
Ferrous Metallurgical Advisory Board« Ordnance Department
Industrial Representative - Allied Countries
Copy Ho« 167 - Dominion Foundries & Stoe]*Itd., F. A. Sherman
Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Oöpy Oopf Copy Copy C---P7 Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy ccpy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy Copy
Ho« Ho« Ho* Ho. Ho, Ho. Ho. Ho. Ho. Ho. Ho. ro. Ho. Ho. Ho. Kb. So. No. Ho. Ho. Ho, Ho. Ho. Ho. Ho. ro. Ho. To. Ho. •<o. lie. 2To. Ho.
168 - Heppenstall Company, John A. Succcp 169 - 170- 171 - 172 - 173 - 174 - 175 - 176 - 177 - 178 - 179 - 180 - 182- _
182 - 183- 134- 195 - 186 - 187 - 188 - 189 - 190 - 191- 192 - 193 - 194 - 195 - 196 - 197 - 198 - 1S9 - 200 -
Copy To. Ii7 -
Total nufcber of copies - 20C
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FINAL A;:07:
.;;
?AHT II - FL-JT 1-X. a:. "
June 1*, 1945
Fron: Mt)tola n<jn .urcii Iz-borrtory C*rrirt.:io Institute of T-jehnclo :y
Report Ixvp.irjJ by: s. F". i!«hl J. ••;. Sprataak C. «?. S.ay^r
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I^B^E or coyr*wrs
""' UM Abstract • i
3sotion A - Plant Ingot Sxpcrimont X
It Introduction \
2. The Original Plans 2
3« The Experiment . . 2
(a) Pouring of the Special Heat 3
(b) Carbon Chock« on the Ingots 4
'» (0) Processing of the Ingots "4
(d) Prjliiain-^ry Transverse Tensile Teats ■ ■ 5
(a) Examination of the Split In ;ot 5
(f) Processing of Square Billete into Seamless Tuaes 6
(g) Heut Treatment of Tubes 7
4, Results Q
(u) l/.ncro Steh T^ats on Heat Treated Tubes g
(b) Thtj ID Step Do.vn {Vsts tf
5. Conclusions 14
Section B - Prouucor C Pouring Experiment 15
1. Introduction iD
2. Steel :.!aklng 16
3. Pouring Practice 16
A. affect on Transverse Ductility 17
5. iitch quality ig
0. bore Quality lg
7. Conclusions 19
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TABU^ AID EfflBg
Table I Carbon Checks on Injots of Heat £63566 • 20
Table II Hesuits of Preliminary I'r ..-.-vorje lensile Tejts on Heat E6-35IS6 21
Table III Test Results - Heat 123866 Basket Poured 23
Table IV Test r.esulU - Heat 123866 Direct Poured 2:.
Figure 1 Producer B»s 20" x 23" x 71 1/2" rectangular mold for gun steels ':
Figure 2 Side vier; of carbon insert 26
Figure 3 20" x 23" split ingot fro:: carbon inserted noli Macroetch -7
Figure 4 Bore quality indices for experimental /»0 mm seamiers tubes for bore diameter of 1*574 inches . . . 28
Figure 5 bore quality indices fcr experimental /,(.• an seamless tubes for bort, diameter of 1,619 inches ... 28
Figure 6 Comparison of Kacroeteh quality for two methods of pouring * .'.•
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The first Motion of '.he report summarizes the comparison between the
bore quality of experimental 40 mm 3ear.los3 <ran tubes made fron inrcts aaat
in a standard 20" x 23" inset r.old Bad i.» the aarne .-.old with a corbon Um ft
la the bottom. The work was done on b:.»sie electric gun Btasl, although it
Wat originally planned for th-.- basic open hearth praetlae« In th--* latti r
practice the rejecti->ns of soaajIwBB gun tubas for bora lefeots fror, t.*»
bottoms of in;ots was" talc« tha combined rajsctlona for Mb ••.; TTCA tha
middles and top3 of in-jots. Previous work by HBC.-39 hoa Indicated that .:.
hi**h rejections of the bo-to:: tubes was not prl-uriiy -u • ..-->tailic
inclusions but rather to tha inhorant weakness tf tin . •. rue tor« -." this ; rt
of the ingot« rhis weaknees an thought to •> aesociut i with tha "eoae of
tue solidification" fonwd by solidification fro« the i e - «.11a ...4 fron
tha bottom of the aold. r.V, object of ta curbon ir.s.-rt ••;•.: t: r.'St.-ict t
cone in the portion of th.- in»;ot -.Mich is normally «rop] #d off,
Th-- use of tha carbon insert was succuanful in rr r — '.iiv •..-.
cony of solidification« Howaver, booauaa oi th* abaenos cf intarnal l^ps :-.
tubas aada froa t.ii3 haat of basic eljctric steal«, no oooparlaoa w«o obt ila •
on the not working oharaoteristlos of thaaa two types of ingots. Cn the ba la
of the aictributicn c-f s'lull ncn-r.etulllc inclusions, th. special ingots w r
superior la thi: bottom urii Beat to lotto.-, cuts, «nils the at .:.. rd i-. ste »eis
superior in tha inird cut fror, the bottom (oight cuts p:r Standard ingot -.:
a^v.-n pwr spaolal ingot)« Thus it app-jarvd that t;;- use yf the Selton ins r
br:ufht .: it r ;:otri5iti :. '.:" :.~r.-r.<.t illica in tau bottom half of th.- i. ■ .
7ne top hilf cf th- in-.ot v. lwl Uwchai :-J4 in this r«3poct ty th. cortori insert«
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FUftlMr «Ort on the \i3s of insulating ina-rts in ingots frr s-unii-as
gun tube! with thw basic electric pructic-2 of I-roducer B do^s not appear
to be warranted« However, in the event cf a return to the ferner busic c-.i.-.-.
hearth practice the insuluted bot ton in jot cold is probably a sto . in the
ri.-ht AlrvoilOB becauae of the chan/;.s in ingot structure u-s observed in
this -xp .-n.'.unt.
The second section of the report sur,',.urizes a comparison of 3'-..-.-l quality
in busic open he.irth Ingots for 75 nn M-3 iT»in tubes ca3t by dir-ct pouring
thruu'jh ■ 2" nozzle und by b-3ket pouring chroujh 1 1/8" -;•-• i 3/4" ::ozzlos.
A 1 1/2" nozzlv in basket pouring is too sr.&ll for c-ating a l-ri:3 tp-;. h.-irth
i: it. The change fron direct to basket pyuring did not sirnificntly change
the r^cro quality, nicro cle.onliness, tr&nsverse ductility, or bore quality
(bore defects).
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SECTION A - PI/NT INGOT EXPERIMENT K L S T R 11/1 fc Ü
1* Introduction
This is a final report on tho plant experiments which wore conducted as part
of the program of NERC Rosearch Pro loot NRC-39. This project was carried out under
the general supervision of the :,ar iiotallurgy Committee and under the Immediate
supervision of Jerome Strauss, Rosearch Supervisor for Gun Stool Research, war
Metallurgy Committee.
Previous studies by IT.C-39 havo demonstrated the inferior performance of
bottom thirds of ingots in the production of seamless gun tubes(1). The tubes pre*
ccssed from ingot bottoms contributed more than tv;j thirds of the total rejections
for bore defects. NRC-80 has demonstrated tho high froquency of occurrence of
quench cracking in the 75 mm seamless gun tubes processed from the botto.-n thirls of
ingots WJ,
Thore are other examples of inferior performance of ingot bottoms i;. proccrs-
ing or in performance in which the material is subjected to complex stresses« Thus
it appears that ingot bottoms are inherently loss able to withstand imposed stresses
than are tho other parts of the ingot. Studies have indicated that this inherent
weakness appears to be related initially to the primary crystal structure of the
ingot. Decreasing cleanliness of tho stoel seems to accentuate this weakness.prob-
ably because of the location of non-metallics in planes c*i weakness in the primary
structure. Processing of tho solidified ingot also seems to affect the quality of
too bottom thirds of ingots for seamless gun tubes'*'• Tho primary structure of ingots cast into a closed bottom cat Iron mold
is a result of solidification from the walls and from the bottom -.f the ingot.
The result of this directional heat abstraction is ■ directionality in the growth and therefore the properties of tho steel, evidenced by columnar crystals and by less porfect alignment for some distance beyond the columnar zene.
The directionality from the bottom of the mold is accentuated by the under-
cooling at this position, due mainl" to the fact that the air gap is least
{!) Final Report, "Improvcncr.t in Gun Stcol Ingot'Practice* (OLK54-3): Part I - Bta- tistical and Laboratory Studies'.CERD No.4122,Serial i.'o.M-343, issued as of August 28, 1944.
(2) Progress Report "Prevention of Cracking in Gun Tubes (<-Tj-34-3)"fGSRD Xo. 45'-7, Serial No. L-406, issued as of January 13, 1945.
(3) Final Report 'Control of Basic Open Hoarth Melting Practice far the tfumfaeturo of bought Gun tubos (OD-3/.-3)"» OSRD .\o. 4497, Serial »:-.. l^^JO, issued as f Decembor 19, 1944
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effective- at tiiis position. Tiw ItflTOTt wenknsas of in>*rt botteas appu:.rs
to bo due to the intersection of Uta directional growth fror, the tettor.: ..'»4
fron Ulf walls of the noli, fornin^ IJM "cone of solidification" observe in
in^ot suctions.
Froi-, thoso considerations it v»us dtciujd to cast several oxp.rir.jnt.il
ingots ir. nclac with carbon inserts in the bottor., which v.vru to b- prec. :
into Siui-.ljös yin tube3. Th* ins-rts wjre to ijcref*3. th- rnt^ of ii-.it ab-
straction thr.'»ujh~ch« botton of the .".old, thereby a.crcisin*; QoltMBAf cr dir-
ectional crystallization fro.i thu bottom or the nola. It W:JS tnrj.cht fetal
in this r.^nn-T the inherent W*-Jr.r.^as of t.ic bottom could b.- r^Jtrict.: rvit:.i:*
the bottom crop.
2. Th^ Origin*! yi.ns
Arruii Htttytl *«re andti Wltti Producer G to Cuct i:xo*.s in nol^s .nth o.r-
bon ins rttf usin.^ basic open hearth g'ln ■fcfcsl« Several tyr .-• iff ingots w.r-
includ'td in the pro :r-.:r.. Th. sp.cial in;oty (fron BOldi I '. salt I ? rt«)
wore to bj prooifd into a:si.as -iun tubas .-Ion,* with th«. bol n f ■■
h lit. CooQwrlaoo of th« logetf wa3 to b* r.-.au in torr... f i jsr -ich twfttj
rxcii^niool prop-rti^s, u*iu bor- inspection >f -.'.•- .*ui. tu*'-3.
Unfortun-.it-ly befor. th« .'xporin.ntol tflgota eottld «-_ pan ;, .:. .•!..-
was issued to th' .ff-ct th-t futur- gun «t.-. i. v. r'. Lo I r. :. in t.. hue
eleetrlo furnaoo. rtccorii::_:ly, mm picas n-d t uc fcnul^t d for th. -xp-ri-
rvnt. *1 though it MM not know bJM totals -1 • ir.c I . ,1 «paid p«*f r*. In
.. .iJ-j.i .;un tub-. ; .-»J'.i.-r! .:, i- iu f.lt thut -. . . .; uld I. . iJy
instructive ^jr .1 fitrlo stkol . n it »sold t :'».r opal) .*; .;•*
.•»t tn«. -i.-nj, ProdttOtf r* w.w .n.ltiru» t.ric -l.ct;ic gttn - f I
auction if 40 ran J ^.1,JJ gill) tubjfl. ,.i-. - . . ; < • • . -*. i with !
/ RESTRICTED
\
— . "s -
producer to crjst several specinl ingots to be proems d into jur. tubv* v.-.ta
th»: b-lancu of tnu boot* The cor.p-rison fc,-tw«en th« re-sular and special in-
gots VJOS to b-- m-jdJ on thj s-irnd bull -s previously discussed. Th. i.v
usod for this gtja size was c ist in a 2ü" x 23" x 71 1/2" ruatitfgaUr plug .-
bottom east iron irold. Fi ruro 1 i3 a sfctfteh of tali in^ot -r.old.
The inserts for th. «/.pirin-.nt-l ..olds were- m».chirod fro*-, bloc'.s of e :-
■ ao ^3 to fit 3nu;ly in ths bottom of th* nold. Carbcn war s Kct.l in
prcfortoco to - r-.fr ctcry i:. ordor to illAlnat« ths possibility of pr\>vi.,-
ing - jourcw of oxofon^ous non*swtulllo Inclusions. Th,- lns«rt proowr v.:
ti.ro.. lnohos thick; ealoul .tions indicit.a that no additional Insulating
iffuet would b-. obt;.invj with jr^at.-r thickness« Th lna r*.- I .1 .- ,
tlon which u.:t--nd--d into th«t plug hoi.- of th- nol-i. It \r.3 thou «at t
projection would bo of tid ia proTuntlng th. ias.r* .'ror: rising in th- ■-. . :.
Th- thermal conductivity of c.ii.t mat.rl-1 w-.s purport d to bo »pproxlf it-ly
S BTU/Hr./aq. ft./°K/ft. -t room t-:..,r r.tur . « photo :r-ph of on« C •.;. in-
sert! is inclui-^ in Fi ;ur.. «"..
This asthod of pi .cin.3 c arbor» inc. rts in injot noldu ir not r.c :.-. vA r
r- :ul .r plant prjOtlCv, sine« it *..> t^t cur.be rau-.- .na cojtly. ... p: „■ .-••
WJ.S viupt-'d -ir..ly for itj oxpjdlency in c .rry*n** out t:i'j «.x^ rim--.it. ,» . '.
. ff.ctiv-. m.thod of cbt inlng th .-: .•..- -ff«ct i- t.. ».;. ^.f op«n bottom
r..i>.3 .-it.. 1 stool containing refract 17 brick Lns-Jrt, 15 d*«eril : .:. .
vloua r..jrtl ' in which Produc.r It's ingot pTuCtlc .. 11 sou ; 1.
(J roia-i".j of f.. ^r- .;i .1 ".-..«.
. .. ic jlwCtrlc bJ-.t ;J0.1i)66 w*8 ;.-..-•: .:.t= twlv. r .. r 20" x .. n
:.jia.. .vi nine r.olic *.vitn Cart'.. .:.. ;•*..•. I../t3 ." : . i-M .:.: L.-P; * r
st-nJ.rd Ingots JOQ NOS. i>-13 "/-r th«j , -•: .: ln«jots. ~. ... . .
i^) ?r- :r.j.. Hwport, »XoproVcSMot in Jun it-^1 Injoi. ir.ctic (ciM>^-j>,#
Cw.üj Nw« jjl*7, ior*al !Jc ?..-209. issu-i &.• ^.: ftjl>nwf7 89§ Wl4«
RESTRICTED
-4-
MJ3 slow OOolod by burying in kSb»S fcr a-ctij;:i:i- and SBaaiartidfl of IBM
.tjh.d auction.
Ihw lcdl. eiiwf.is try Mag tiki following!
£ili Z ft ' 21 £L MS £l 0.35 0.75 0.015 0.014 2.U 1.05 0.46 0.11
Other dots on tb« h.t w>.r. the following«1
T pping tewpdraturc 3010°f
Held in ladle 11 ■lnutufl
Pouring temperature £&»$'?
Fotbl pouring timj j£ wlnutvs
Nozzle size l 3/4 luonoa
Holding tir.w buforu novlng iniotf 2 boura
(b) c Jbon ^hookg on .!•._ Injgj t:>
Th.: carbon content of tij. Ingots vr.s chocked for tb • ; • ■■
position« rhw' oboaloul sp-cii'icution culled for cart n run? . *0 -
0«35£. Eho results of t: . crbun chocks .r- Listed in r MU I.
It ia ovldont tb*-t tii^r. wua n .. .:•:• Incr ~. .' pro-
xlflutoly 0.05/b in th«j 3pci .1 injots« ftlla c..."; )i Incr I ./ ^ r .. r rf-U
distributed throughout tho ingot« Ix—niiuticn f :.. carl .* In« rt 't :•
uej indioat d tb t t 1- .at 1 1/2 In .. t I ilc .i •-.. • t . .u
B] illod off, probsbljr explaining •-. ::.^JU-!1/ :.. V .J unti rr. ■ .-. . ,i
irt tbvSu special In rts. Although t ..J • . :. pickup s ... . ■ •
fait t .t if tii 9 ci-1 ingots iid show tn IT nt t r tJ
thj tfVldwneo wuuld •..-.• r w o - • .f v .J I ..:
(c) Pr-c. si . jf *_v ^p ^ts
Shortly I f r. HO-t io35o6 wva :• : , :.•:.•-. : . *
RESTRICTED ?jn Lab..y w*3 '•.iscir.ti;.Uä'.. ihis action neCtsaJittitad 3 chdoga in th* proooduru
fox* tbii ap-jciii haat since it w&3 pi .nr.-.-d to process th-« Otftin boat intr 40
m .->j«,r.ilo3U Tin tuh^s.
It «vuü ml tocfdud to pMMM thiis bo it intc billets to be uavd in
prOOUOtios of 37 run foroju Md bor-.-d gaj| tub, 3. Ifeto orJ.r Mll«d for 7 I/."
sqU'iX'u bllloü in nult.pluo of 1>50:>. fffti i.ini.niw fiald 3tr.n-th BBd tr. p.rv. fa
r-;duciion o? ^r^:; opaelfljd wua 120,00c nci .7.3. .rid 35;,' R.V.
TUu ingot« nur« rolled into 7 1/2" jqu:-r-- cili-ts 12» 1/2" loo--. *vo
billot« wtJM ObtalAOd fr-in ..,ch in?ot, Mdh of nhiob prodnood ton* 5$i-.V «ultlnl . .
Ebua tboru wara four 550,/ oiultlpltf« fro« th; top half bod four fro« MM be
lie If oi* .-eh in-jct, with ».a., «uwptlon of Uw apaeial to/iota «Mob produ 1 ::ly
thr. • bottcn multiple, booottoo of th) B«a OJ' OafbOfl i-.j rt«<
(1) Pr 1 ii::i'-..r;' Tr.r.zv. r.s: f.nsil.; I :3tj
In all 1 bottom «aotioaa of four Jiff- rant i 11.70t.• m r. t sted, f...#o
■pooiol und two ot ndurd Ingot«( uloo on top t\.st fron eaoh typo in-*ota ..;"t r
for.i'i; ill t^otr fro.1. 7 i/2" oquurd tc 6" round ( :: Inch Bd -i bto *. inch
'iiicjj w-r» cut, Ju^t trat 1, bad ui.-it .-l. 7n r*»«Qlt« r tuba] . . ; :
Th- rusulta ...• ir t h rr-.tic fr■■> ir.-.i *.. i\ v. in
lnjota appaur to h-J% s-.on.. «dvaatoft* in ;„**'. ;'*. 1 result« ladle .'• tat '. .. .it
bad inhdJtont low iuctility .-... 1 avut c.i- r .ct .rtntic.
( J) Examination of Jplit Xiyot
Spoei&l ir ;ot Wo. 13 «no burl id In :. 1 for nlov* oolti.-, r. e 1
■■■-■' LtUdlAully, :..'r;.lT.d ..«d ,tObod fW X H i'.-ti J"., figUTi 3 U • pb
of t.»w utehod «uotioa«
Th,- ..octio. Bhowi th. olindoatioB of v.. iaf rt •: v typ .. r •
tb boTttoai »f wh in.-ct .:ii .looat 0-:.. ' r. ■ ■- ; - lion of e ■ : 1 .
L 1 :. fi-jr. ti; bottora of r.\u injot with : :: .lroat ra-. 1 .t f ttrlfitl D *-';-
"ooao of lolidifiojtion"« ;:.. i.:-.rt tbaa i obt i 1 tb- . . .- : T •..
RESTRICTED
- -*
/
- 6-
There was a cont«r lins region of porosity starting from ebout
onw quarter of the in-jot botgtt fron tho bottor.. This porosity was r.uch
fin.;r then the typical "herringbone" porosity found in other iniots ex-
'-riin.ju by NRC 39 and consisted of soverul rather flM Ittli He •.-.■: i-nct.
of tfeia «orosity was discernible on -tea tests fron the 7 1/2" square blil>t:-,
apparently having boon welded up by tho hot rollings
(f) Processing of Square gillets into Seanleso Tubjs
Since the problcn of r-j-sctions for bor^ dofocts w.-s r.,*ore in th».
sour.icss sun tubes and iot in thj forced tub-s, it was believed that the
TuXuu of tais oxp-rinent would b^ lost if tho heat iwro to b, processed into
forcings, ^cccrdinjly, st». p3 w«ro takon to cocur«- a portion of tho .»> :t ohiob
would ;iv« a !uod oonparioon between tho two typ- s of in*ots, fcr prooaotln
into 40 am MOOIOM tubes. Thv. pi.rcing «M to bo done -a - spuolsj, job by
Producer -i, sine- OOOBUIM BUD bubo production and boon sjup.r.id. ri. tub .s
wer. febua to be studied for -tc'i quality und for bore cu».lity by •-. .:' v.;\
ID at,.p down test, ../ajuiain^ *.r.d noting u:^ bor«- lofootf Oboorv d through tile
brraccopo.
Tho botton 7 1/2" squ--.ro x 12* bilUt (f-ur ¥*,* .-.ulMji .•) v»s
obt'.ir.-d frOH stand rd lugOtf I.'o;:. 2, .., 14, l£, 1;, ad 13 ::.\ froa Mpjci-.il
Ingots (thr«. >50# ■ultlplu«) HM« 5I O, •*, 10, li -.. 12, ;.-. Idl Ion ti.
top billet (fcur MUltlpl«*) ■&• obt.ii.i frca tp*i| I in*-uts IIos. J, 6, 8, 10,
11 -ni 12 us a chock ou possible dottrlorotioa of poUty La tb p .. ü of
Uu LngOtl :.s a resul- Of tho i- >f carbon .r..:.rt.:. £-c.v. yJC> •ultlpio was
sufficient to nako . 4? .-jr. .xporinjntal s.^.Kss tut I .* : 63 such
nul'iplvü Ml £ 1 Otod f?r the tip.cl * stuiy.
Th. tw 1.- f .t bill, ta W.TJ S;:.-,- for,--- s> r.-- lac .r :'. fr«<r 7 1/2*
square to 6 1/4" r?;:;:. Tho rounaj w-ru shipp-i to Prcducjr ,. «a ro th* ti.. •
RESTRICTED - v -
i •.'••■» were eat up into the multiples and hot pierced Into tubing 4 3/4" OD and
1 1/4" ID as In tho regular 40 run practice. No upsetting mt.a done on the
tubes as they were not intended to be made into gun tube«. After this opera-
tion there remained 55 tubes, seven being lost because of insufficient length
Of aom? of thj original billots,
(g) Heat Treatment of Tubes
The tubus wejw next shipped to Producer f for heat treatment in
order to establish o machinebillty comparable to last of the regular susmluss
tubos. This wus ion. in ordc-r to prarunt surfacj murks on the borj surf JC *
duu to tho action of u poorer nt-chinlng at.'el.
The nuat treatment consisted of normalising fro.lt 1700°?, «X%JT
quantity? from 1525°?, and tc.mj.arin.:* .t 1150°F. Th- ran,*'* dufirid on yield
strength wae 100,000-130,000 psi and on urin^ll hftMnjos from 241*309«
Aftar hat.t trjtstii.-nt, a macro etch, disc wis cut.from ouch tuba and
the tubus wura cut to a length of IOC inches. Srinoll hurdnwcu routings Warj
taken on jach jtch disc; thj ivora?j hardness was 319 with a r n.:o of 29»'»1.
A United number of tonsilo tusts wura tuk-,n on tha tubus with thj fellow In,;
results:
Tubu No. Y. 3.
135000
T. 3.
2B2 152500
4B 137000 157000
531 143000 15*000
12B 130500 145000
15B3 139000 157500
Tho tubes wuro PUT.bored according to ingot uuRbar, nlllet (toy A» bottom 3),
ofkd multiple numbar. The desi.^nation of tubas from an iajot from top to
bottom of thv ingot vould bo, for jxacpic for lnjot No. 2, th- fcllTwi&g:
RESTRICTED
- 8 -
2A, 2A1. 2„2, 2A3. 2B, 2B1, 2B2, 2B3. It ia ovidunt that th- 3rtn:ll hard-
ness and yield strength values word sonewhut above the desired r^n^, Ifo
ductility figures were availably fron UM tensile tests.
Tno tubes in 100 i.-.ch l-n;ths M9* thjn shipped to ;/:.t„rvli~t
«rsent.1 for machining r.quired in th« ID stop down tests.
4* Results
(a) foicro Steh Tusts on goat Trcjtod Tubes
£tch twSts nadv on discs cut from j-jch cf the 55 BMf troatod tub-:
wir» examined mainly for uvidonc«* of wall breaks in felM vicinity of the bor-;
3urfuco.
The wtch t^3t3 won uniformly .jood. /» few cf the tub--a Mowed
3Ug?«stions of small wnll brooka at the bore. They were the» f'„11: van.*:
ik marks Tub-.- No. Iri.pt typo
AB Standard
ABI öt ind »rd
103 Special
1131 Spedul
Ssvaral Mall wull breaks out to about 3/£" fror. ! :r
Sufgsatloa of f*i BM13 wall brooka withi;i i/o" of bora
Suggestion or two Mall v».:ll break!
Suggaatloa cf c.:<. Mall aull brook 1/8" fro« tor.)
Iho NMlngav of the tests naowa'i s .tijf story ten. s •..•;: BO Indloo.«
tion3 of ID wull breaks.
In most oosaa MOM wus son. uoubt if the n~.rka observed w.r lOtu-
•illy wall breaks. Bsoauas of thi..; toast and *-:.. unlfonaly pod baata, no ad-
vantage could bo olalMd by one ingot typ« ov-.r the other on this b'.sls.
(b) Th- I.D. gtaj pojg :..'-.a
BM Mia objective of tola l&udy was to jicp-r. t:.
Mdi from tk* ftaadnrd and special inlets on the basis of occurr-nce of boru
\
RESTRICTED - 9 -
dof-cts in th<3 nachinud botoS of tho finished gun tubes. Becauao of tlu
turminaticn of the SJUTIICSJ gun tubo pro^r-m, it baeano nocoa:<ary to lr.pr.-
vlse i procedure which would acccnpliah the s •.-.- cor.pariaon.
It was decided to nuchins the bor-a initially to : aianoter cf
1*574 IflShas, which corr.-jponis to the diarctor of th<, tcps cf the la.:is in
u UO BBJ tttbst Tho tttbos awn bored :u:d roar, finished for ^xaninaticn. I»To
rifling or O.D. machining wrs don-- on the tubes; a smooth bore was onsjlned
in every oass« rho bor-s w;r<- then cetvfully axoAlnsd by nouns of n orros-
oops and any bore defects were noted ; nJ rctud -s to th<.ir a verity.
This procedure was rspsatod for .. diaswtur of 1.619 inch.s, wl.ich
cerr-üpends to th. -l£u:«jter of the groove! In : **0 rx\ tub.. The bur .'.ur-
f.CoO w-re again oxanir.-d for aef~ct3.
The r«-3ults of th«j first bcr- axualnatlon ara prosent d graphic 11..
In Flgura 4« fha ingots whlob contributed tuoos for this atudy -ne tho ami-
tlploa of thssa Ingots -r> i.eru represented, TüJ >5 tub-s ..xar.i:.. .1 \\ .v. in
tha propwr positional blooks, ratios nunbori bwsod .n tho dof eti ba rv.-j.
Tho nuutwr is th« total of tho lufueta proavnt with thvlr weighting :•- Jud
fro;. .-. elusslfloutlon chart.* *' For oxoaqdo, in •. p&rtieulur tubo having
thr--e. Class I uofacts ..nd er.j Clusa II isfsot, its indsi nur.bsr WOttl • b
No aooount was token as to the position «.f ooourrano ilong tha l .a ■•... ./ • .
tubs« Ihoso tub..; during . rating of zer- i.vi n.. rislblo bcr I-f-ct.
The ratings ..r- .;a.^.ri:ui .• f 11 '.io:
rejitien In »t xypa
Standard
..v.r.: Ratine
.J.1 Bettw!. Fubos 4.0
«11 betters Tub.-; wp .'I -1 5.1
/dl T "p fub-n Sp-ci^l 3.2
(1) Rarlsjd Progrej.: Isport, "Laprovwv-n- in Jux; ~t..i Injot Practice (eL-j..-3/i wi ..»nification of Bore &ei\cte in JcArJ.w8C Sun IV-it." C3.S» \'o. 5052. Ssrlsl Bo« aV-:^6t revised «arch 2'J, lyU
RESTRICTED
/
RESTRICTED - 9-
defects In tha irmchinud bor*s of the finish-3 gun tubes. Because of the
torrcineticn of the seunlcsj gun tubo program, it bseaou necessary to inpro-
vio•; ■ procedure which would acconplish the s /.■.• comparison.
It was dwcidou to nufchino the bores initially to :-. dianoter of
1.574 inches, v;hich corresponds to thu dioreter of thu t.p; of the lends m
K 40 nn tub-. The tabes wore bored and roar, finished for wxanioctien. Ko
rifling or O.D. machining wrs donv, on the tubes; a sr.ooth bore Ml omdmd
in every case. The bores were then ccrefully rwnlflti by neans borosj-
oopt end any bore defects were noted :ad rctwd ~s to th<.ir &.\\
Thi3 procedure was reper.ted for .. Alaravter or 1.619 inch .a, wi.ich
OOrrwapOBdl to th. -l&r.utcr Of the grooves, in ■ uO run tub-. Th. b;r sur-
f-Ceo w-re ...^exr tsnaiaod for aefoct3.
The r«-3ults of th«. fir.nt bore exeninntien er'- j-rcs nt d ;r...;ic llj
in Figuro 4. Th- ingot! «blob contribute tuoes for this rfudy und t.» ;v;l-
tlplot of these Ingots -r.» hero represented. The $5 tubes exer.ii.e I i. .7. in
tbs pfopwr positional blocks, rating nurb^ra b-a.d .n the iu-f c.. . ;■£ rv.j.
Tlio nur.bor is the totel of the iofsotl protvnt with their vslgbtlng il Ju
fro:, o cl-aaif ic'.ion chert. ' For e.-.-^.ple, in •- particular tubs ..."*:.*
thros OloM I uofects tad one Class II infect, its LadH aunl.or voul ^ M 5».
No Dooount wes tafcon es to tbs position ef oaaarroaoa ;1 .:J» th- L*agto ;*' 1
tube. rbOM tub-.a buviag • rating of aarc :.-.; a. visible btro Aaftot«
fh-j ratings ere auaanriaod .s follow:
1'e.iit ton
.vll Better. Teb-b
«11 Better. Tab--;
.dl T -p Tubes
IS BS ae rt-nderi
Cpjci .1
Special
4.0
5.1
3.2
K
(1) Isvlnjd Progress Report, "Laprovejcne in 3un „t..l Injot fractic«. (eL->..-J>i Cl.isifieation of Bore Dei'.ct- in 3v;acJ.c83 Qua rubes," 03.fc :o. W,*» ecriel Ko. M-2J6, revised Ihr* 2Ü, l«/44
RESTRICTED
üT
• • 10-
Position In^. t Typ..
Extreme B.ttcn rubea , St^.iicxM
» ■ «
Hext te Bottur. Tub-a
N M If I»
Third fren Bottor. TUO-JS
« If »I It
Special
St-nuaru
Special
StuncurJ
Special
.ivjrasc .i: tffM 5.C
3.2
4.6
3.3
2.5
«.5
Oo th- ^vjr-ill awragoi for tho b_tt.-.v. tubes the 3t..-.i-rJ inset
cj.Wwd ;r. -^Jv.nt'. ;c -f :ie inJjx number, rhe »v^r-je -f :.ll t!u top tub .a
from the *poci'..l in*;ta wu3 ubeut en- Indus IMUlUir lowor than th-.t for th .
st.ni.rvi tubes. This in'äic-.toi thüt th», us*, «f c:=rb u in.- rtl Jii :. t brlr.q
.b.ut deterioration at boTQ quality -f'tul-eü Hcido t'r.-r. th-j t.p h.lf ;f '-!.-r:.j
ingots«
Conaldorlng the tubjü by uultlploa J' tho Ingot, thi ixtronu b.tt .--.
tubes shewuo an ..dvantr^ jf 1.8 ir.i.x number* f.r tho sp..ci .1 Ingvtt« Th -
tubes frofl th- next t.. bot tea multipl-3 ^la-' sh..we] un . -v "it ^. .f 1.5 in. *
numbers f-.r ta- ipoolal in.j. ts. Romvor in tut..; .v.... froa t\. third attltl«
pltia froa the extrem«; bottom lndltfatod u d«flnlt«j ad? .ntogo fi#r the itand ••■
logut f .6.0 IndR numbers. Ii will t. notoi that tube 123 Bad o r ting f 17
which ooocuntud f r QUO inj.x runber in th. ever ;-. r.ir. tub« «en ohotfkod
indoponduntlj by tw. cbs~rv..r.».
Rio K-f-cts nctud in thus* tubtji wer. -II y.nJ.1 sp.tc •.•iui. but .
few b;i.:.; Ju->i :'..ver^ .;r..u^« i u- Ju.-; . .2 Si .~.i II. ."i-y .:;--r.-. t v
Juo in general t. 0 .1-r.-t.ili2 Lnolaalina, oltb«r o* fanoua ..- r ■ultlag rr .-.
th<- d. .<i-.ti :. prooona to 31 üalflcklu:. flur* Ml ■ nrlJ .-■ .:. . I ..
tub.3 *f int-m-i 1 .pa which w-ro- the ciuaw .f r j.cu ;. f ■ .y . f tho
/
-RESTRICTED - ii -
seanless tubes us v,as indicated by the alr.bst conrlste ..tseace of wall hfilfcl
in the etch te3ts. This indicated thut the hett had {»ood hot workir.r: char-
acteristics, and by the MM token this elir.iaat.d the possibility of u com-
parison of the hot working characteristics of the bot tons of UN IM typos
of in.;ots, which was thj prinury objective of th- experinor.t. Thus t!w com-
parison between the ro-jul *r and spociul injots rj3olvei its«l!' on a bajla :f
defects nuialy duo to non-retail ic inclusions.
The rMulta of th. second Inspection at a diar.«t*,r oarTMpondlnä to
tho jroov-.s in o UO m tube ax« presented ;raphically in Figure $. ra. r.-
sults STS 3unn:.ri7xd M follows:
Inapt Tn>o
St »ndord
Special
Spici-l
Standard
^i .-cial
j. indard
Bj lOlal
Jt.ind-.rd
Spesial
•It is inr.--iiat.ly ivldeat tat the v.r.11 froquenoy ?f I I
w-j oonslJ irably LuM in the ijcond inspueiion aa co.".p»-.r.i tu the first«
av^r-ifj- ratinv w.pc ir. fenerul sovwrtl ttUBbers Irnr.r than in t.i ■ f.r
lation for the diojutor sorrvspondlne to the tops of the lanis.
Thj nvv.r.11 :.':-■ T-. ■:- i':r t". I ttOJ tubes -•... ..:...- . .*.• t
vant!.-j. of 0.Z.5 of an Index nur.b.r for th- strodarl ia*,.t. ?h .-.- . • ...• .
f;r too tutwd fror, the tops cf spvOlal Injots waa djfir.it .ly 1;.- -h-r. I t
Position
nil 3otton Tubes
All Bottor. Tubas
/ill Top Tut*..';
Extreme Bottom Tub- I
I» II K
Rest to Bottor. TtibuS
n n "N H
Third fron BottSai Tub-s
it nun
Av-.ra:» gating
i.as
1.70
0.5o
1.60
0.2J
1.33
2.50
1,16
2;i6
RESTRICTED
- 12 *
tho bottoms of both injot types, indic^tiiis a :uir. that the use of carbon in-
serts did not brin ; -about a deterioration of bore quality in th-.- tubes fror,
tho top half of the ingots.
Considering the results ty in^ot multiples, the extremo bottom
Tuns showed an advantage of l./»C index numbers for the inserted ingots. Only
Oflo defect Ml observed in tho five- bottom guns examined fror, tb* ipoolol la»
^ots.In th« tubo3 from multiples next to tho bottom *in udvuntci^e of 1.2/ in-
dex numbers is indicated for the standard in;ots. In the tubes from multiples
third fror: the bottom sn odvaatago of 1.0 index .lumber is noted for tho stur.fi-
•ird ingots.
Th-- bore quulity goaoralljr •:'-.a excellent. Tho i^ficts wer«, i-.ii:
sr.-ll spots dut mainly to non-m«. tellic inciusio.-.s. Fbo first ovlde&Of .:'
Internul 1-ps occurred in tubj 103, «filch .i sJ '.h-j.*!'-.- l..p*t il«>v ■*. four i:.c:.
length of thu tube. Thi.i ia the only ■▼ldono* of 1 ps found Lfl (he OBtlf«
study.
The us- of th« carbon insert \ppar.'.'itly his Brought ob«Mt . radio«
tribution of non-metal lies in the bottom h.lf of tho lagot ir. I Idltl n to
altering th- cryst.1 gtruoturs ^s dltOUs.-vJ -.rlKr in the rotor's, T!»e
bottom tubes (2/7 of total height of &pv,ci.i Logoto) won laprovwd in ton
of non-m-tillics, but tha tubes fron th; third pultlylM fro/ä tho bott ■ w-.r-
inferior in th-- sp-ci-l ir^ot.s -s oanparod to th» Jt .r.j-rd i:. ■.•-.. Bill
dll tribution of n-n-;;^ tallies uid r.^t i. ..i:"_<t i-....if i. *.:.. u«; .r h If of tho
Ingot« rhe ubs.ncu of IntornuJ laps in th.se tu. : ;;:ic .t-i that both • t
types hud satisfactory :.ot v.rrkini; ch-racterl-tier,.
The general high quality of the bora 3urf-.c-a M obo«rrod in thuse
studies iiuicatad taut c .sic ol^ctric si-..: .-. HJJ :.l jr^c.jj.-i iat r ur.io
with practices -3 us.-d by Producer 3 Should prodUO« v.ry s^tisf-.ct ry rvt-ri-.i
RESTRICTED for th- nanuf-cturo ot sinless gun tubus. Ais coicluricn i;> aubstuntiut. J
by th-; rwcora Of this steel in the production of 1*0 im ■aoojluM tub^c. ?Tv-
iucjr 3 3tcul was usvd in tho l**3t 25 B4Bts fcr 40 mr. tub-.c i:: th» ä^u: 1 r,a
jirngfiB, Th« jvuraii aTtvagt rujwction3 for jil emses iaovnt#i la ••. rv-
Mrk'ibly low figure it O.9.1?» conperoa tc iipr.xln-tcly 15^ f^r b. sic .
hv-'.rti; ßt.jül.
BoCuUSw of tho uniformly scod p-rforn-neo of ti.ic ;rvi> r.f I jic
electric ftaal, it uppours d.ubtful if tho U.JO of insultitod bottojl Ingot
rold3 would tj warri.ntod in thll practice. Tho jxrferrv.-.Cv of n-sic
hoarth ir.(?ot3 in aoaoloas sun tub»- pr.lucticn ddixnstr-t--i th-t tin loaaao
..f cjuii tubvs from t.u bettor; cf in»ot3 won twlOti tho l.sss of :ubjfl fro*
tb>. rr.icidlo ..rd t~p cf t.;u in~.ts. ,.s was pr.vi-ur.ly Lndloatad, th--3.; :.: •..
lofSuf uppsarad to bu aaaoelatad with tho "eono f ■olldlflontlon" •«;. Loh
r.-sultj fr.n direct I • /:...?. 3 *li »ifleatl m *r.r. tiij tlda valla u I • .
. f tiki m Id. Th- proojnt axporlnont dononatratod that too oono was brought
int. ll.i Swctijn f th. i i:.t ta.t wr.s cr\.p»>*d ».ff by tho ua > f c .--:. :. i.\-
B»rta« Although furtbor jxp^rlnantation ^n b^aic jluotrlo a-; : J . .
appour ts to in or dor, It doaa fooji tc t..j t:.~ riefet stoj h tho v-.t
tho proyioua b'tsic opan :. ■ rth pruetloa is taat&llod i". •'. .«r .?*i . f
s^caAuaa goa tunas« Othor font ro B&I ... .• ffjet - *... rf r..
cpun huarth ateul such -3 tho different typ«, f lie • "■ W uo »•;" r u:».
•/j 2J" x 23" raotoajol^r] and possibly dtffur neoo ii. ;.- etleo la r-.
t..j Ingcti ti rounds f.r plorcing.
RESTRICTED
-u- 5. Conclusions
1. The use of the carbon insert in in-jot molds employed in the produc-
tion of 40 mm seamless gun tubes did bring about the desired du-
crease in rate of heat abstraction through the bottom of '.h- ln:ct
us' evidenced by the almost complete elimination of the columnar
growth fro:.-, the bottom and the absence of tha "cone of solidifi-
cation".
2. Roll.id rounds fron regular ingots hud loanrhat higher transverse
ductility at a given yield strcn;th. Ebif is not beli-vod tu be
significant.
3. The etch tast3 on tin heat treated tubes were uniforr.l;- good«
Suggestions of Mil broaka were found only in two tut >s fror.
3tanoard in jots ana in MO tubas fror, special Ingots, but prob-
ably none would have baen rejected for this reason.
4. The small defects observed in th-» ID st*p down tests vr.r.- r.eir.ly
the result of non-metallic inclusions, ttbt comparison bttvooB
the two types of ingots thur was basud on distribution of nor.-
mvtallic3 r:«th-T thon on tha hot working Bhar&OtoristiOfi us
only on.; isolated coe of Internal latü w ;r obs-Tv--:. Tha re-
jections at the MkeMfl»x§ for thus, sr.ttll non-metallic inclusions
has baan insi^ :ificant.
b» Tii%: use of the insart lmprov-j.. the bottom two tubas fro.- th. ingot,
but tl.a tubes third fror, tr.v l rtt:n fr.r. •:.. star.i.iri :.-. • to A ;•
definitely :.up--ricr, Indicating tut ■ rei.a.tribution of r.cn-
.•;•. tallies in the ingot was brought about by tlM use of tha car! M
inserts.
RESTRICTED - 15 -
6. Tho curbon inserts did not ■fowtoly effect the quality ct the
tubj.'j node fror: tlM top half of the ingot,
7. Basic electric Itol Md« and procassod by tho practic. such as
followed by Vrcducur B should furr.ish very 3atisl\.ctory nt«rlal
for the production of ttfanl^M gua tubas.
•
\ RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED - lo -
SfiC7I0N 3 - PÄODUC3R C PCUKi;« &:?t.Äli£:;r
1. Introduction
Heat No. 123366 of basic open heart!: Cr-Ki-L'o steel for 75 r.r. U-3 so un-
less gun tube application was r. sited by Producer C *-o study the tffects of
nozzle size and of a change frc.r. direct to basket pouring on the nicro und
macro quality, and on transvorso auctility of the product M predated«
ilie followin/j data were obtained by the poTOOnnel of Producer C md
were nade available to NRC-3? through tbeir cooperation*
2. Steel Unking
Heat 1288&6 was Mlted by Producer C in o basic open i.Jirti fur:: :.•• . Phi
Steel was of the ü.£ 4335 «rude with th-.« following conpositisn: C-o.j4, Mn-
0.33, P-0.024, 3-0.015, Si-C.30, Cr-0.85, Ni-1.87, :..o-0.33.
Th»; full addition of tlli';on wac code in the ladlt udded ii o-ilciu/n-.. i. . -
con, a/.'junting to approxiraat -ly I lbs. per ton; 150 lb;*, cf alunlo m, or i.I
lbs. per ton wore also added to the ladla u3 stick oluwiniai during tap. Tb.
tapping tor.peraturu was 3010°?. rho oast Jonlny bardenabllity wae thu folJ .: •:
Distance 1/16" 1/4" 1/2" 3/«." I" i-l/A" 1-V2" l-J/4"
He 52 52 51 51 51 50 u; 4? '. *
3. Pouring Practice
iho ladlu was .jquipp-jd with a 2" r;r ^1« unri tnc fc\;«o t ;;^d equip} -d will
1 1/2" and 1 j/4" nor.zl.-s. To* »tool wee poured i". 2r.n x 2}m x 71" leg t wolJe.
Four 75 ma t-3 tub^s wora obtained fror. MiCb iOf(< t. RM followl*? tebuli I
•bowl the ingot suaber, th- not 1i iisee, ond tooting '. ir. ween beeket
Jirect pouring we.» uaod.
RESTRICTED
\ .-
-17-
Ingot Ho. Ladle
ttöiilä Siz« " Basket
Nozzle SlM looming Tftao
Uinutus
1 2" 1 1/2" 3*
2 *" i 1 3/4" 1» '
3 2" 1 1/2" 2'
4 2»» 1 3/4" 1» 30"
5 2" 1 1/2" 2' 30"
6 2" 1 3/4" I1 1C"
nt this tlae. thu ladle atroan checked 290C0:" uaa tho basket atroan
2850°F.
LadU 3a3k'.t rsoaiag :i.-.- Ingot .'io. HO EZle Size
2"
Noszla 3ir..'
1 1/2"
;..inu:...
7 2'50" .
3 2" i JA." 1«15"
9 2" l i/.^" 3'
10 2" l 3/4" i«15"
11 2" 1 1/2" 3 »40"
12 2" l 3A- l»
1) 2« L 1/2" 2» 3o"
Ingota No. U through 30 *«ra pour*d dlmctly fron the ladli: beeauao of
oxoeaaively lon^ holding tin la pouring to. flrft 13 Lagota t^rou^h thu i
lest with scall nozslaa« foe tstui t«urnln^ tin« waa I hour und /* ;:inuf ■•.
It wua cor.eiui-.d ih»t thi 1 1/2" r.izzl;- fcr hiak.t pourlag i.» diflr.it ly
too aoall for oaatlag a larg« op>.n h*-.rth h-j-t.
4. ITV.-ci cf Cn .n ;•- f r '.-. I.ir.ct ys a :.-K. t • urir.j r. Ir-.r: >v.-- : »..•• . -.- y
7~:i3ilc toat r^3ult3 or«; tatulr.tou in ri-bl- III fcr the tnaK t ;our-4
ingots, and in Tublu IV fop tho ln;ot3 pourjd d*r-ctly fr*-. •..-.. ladlj. Four
runs »era obtuinod O-JT ir.pt, doalgnated is b, 31, 5u -.id 33 n.t:. *.:.
\ r
RESTRICTED - M .< .
corresponding to th« bottom of tho ingot* rhu specification called for u
minimum yield strength of 110,000 pal und a minimum transverse reduction of
area (RAT) of 35Sf.
Th* overall average properties for tho two types of Ingots art '-c follrws:
Basket Poured Direct Pour 3d
Y.S. - 113400 Y.S. - 114700
RAT - 47.3 RA7 - 49.0
Tho change from direct to bnafcaft pouring did not significantly improve
tn-i stuel quality with rosp-ct to transParse ductility, fh-.- difference be-
tween tho K/vT averages of 1.72 us givwn abov«. is not si*;rific *nt asd My bo
duo entirely to sampling error.
}$ Etch Quality
According to ?roducor C M0VO stak tests >,n the vnola wore «xoaptlonnl .
sound. The aaofootch ratines on both thv bloOJU und the b.irs w >r» car-fuli>
analyzed by Producer c and it wo.5 founJ thut thor*; WLS no significant uffor-
enoa in macroetch quality between the direct pound -nd bucket pwur-.e .r^otn.
Ebia analysis is illujtratei graphically in Figure 6. In regard to r.icro-
clecnlinosa, tho producer reported that then* was no apparent difference be-
tween the two pouring methods.
6. Bor^ Quality
Only throe tubes from this heet ser* reject,-* for bor« def.eta in the final
inspection at the maehinor. These t*bes are listed below *ith thoir Lnjnt poal>
tion and reason for rejection«
Tube No. Ingot ?oal%4of Defect
J71779B No. 8 e Top Stringers on raaoll \0Z)
J71Ö093 No. 12» Bettor Porous mctul A*6*MI -t 12:00
J71814B Nc. 18- Top Poroiu m«t*l 5,9-lE at >:.o
RESTRICTED
-19-
Injota Noa. 3 and 12 woro b»ak«t pMftod -r.a Injot ?:o. 18 wa3 direct
coiirwl. Bjcuua** of HM low aunbor or xvjoctiona, DO concluaiona can bj dvjwn
^a to thy uffjet of thu pourlflf ■fttftafll on bore quality.
7. Conclualüna
1. A 1 1/2" nozzle in biok.t p«-urin? is to- snoll for ca.3ti.n-; a l.r<-
op-^r. boojffe h«ut.
2. Thw chon3e from tux-jct to buon.t pouring aid not ■l<nlflaantlj
i'lprovj ;h- at-*l \u.Iity with r.yp-ct *-c brtnoTtfrac auetiliiy.
j. NO ai ;nific.i::t dtffcruJKu Kki not- d in th~ —TOfitili quultty of th-
two typ .3 cf ingots*
U. Ho oonoluaioua couid b«. dram on th. ooaparatiTo bore :u.*ity (b :•
dofooto) of tub «8 nado fron th. bwc typ ja of i.-.;«t3.
-
•
x
RESTRICTED - 20 -
Carbon Chucks on Ingots of IK- it »6J5JQ
In.iot No. Top Ch-ck hot,*.or. CiitfCk
0.330 - 0.333
Insot Jypo
1 Standard
2 0.350 - 0.354 0.314 - 0.)2G •*
3 0.348 - 0.350 0.334 - 0.340 «
4 0.342 - 0.346 0.334 - 0.340 N
5 0.392 - 0.393 0.374 - O.37o Special
6 0.390 - 0.394 0.378 - 0.373 ■
7 - 0.330 - G.386 H
0 0.390 - C.390 0.372 - C.373 •f
V 0.382 - 0.382 0.366 - 0.368 »1
10 0.393 - G.AOC 0.393 - 0.4CC It
. 11 0.3H4 - 0.334 0.363 - 0.36d H
12 C.390 - 0.39^ ••388 - C.368 •»
13 — - •uri-.l
Lb 0.344 - G.3Ao 0.33C - 0.330 v*. indurO
15 0.342 - 0.340 0.32o - 0.330 •»
1(3 0.334 - 0.346 0.33o - C.333 11
17 0.338 - 0.340 0.334 - 0.334 m
18 0.342 - 0.348 0.330 - 0.332 H
19 0.338 - 0.340 O.324 - 0.332 N
20 C344 - 0.350 0.32 5 - 0.332 H
.•1 0.343 - 0.35-4 0.32A - C.320 ••
RESTRICTED
-21-
T.»3L5-II
Re3UJ.ts of Preliminary Transverse re noil. T-ots on H^ct £63560
Ingot :io. .r.i Typo
C3-5t.«ni-.rd
it »
C9-Inj-Tt
C3-5tand-.»r.i
t» »
C9-Stundurd
All"Iiuiort
N »<
Gll-Ina-Tt
N if
.-.lV-iJt .na.^rd
fi ft
Cl7-3t^ndard
3t. .nj .ru
Inwt
BIK 0.2* Y.S. T. o. £ RKT
.. djalgn:-tea toy and J3 bot ten
6^ rd x 1" slicje
302 1350CO
235 130000
302 135000
302 135000
21- 2J9 119500
269 120000
269 119500
277 122500
235 127000
285 1265^0
277 126000
285 128500
277 1250uO
277 124000
277 122500
277 122000
i SI* rre.tr.i-nl
U9000 20.6 9.5 io25°r-'.-.;.
142500 9.« 6.5 1550°F«f.Q.
148500 20.6 10.C ll75°T-drw
148000 13.4 7.5 H75°:-'-r«.(lr.w
JJ-;t...stc
135000 13.4 8.0
13A00O 13.4 6.'; If«:5 ':-...
13^*000 25.cJ 10.5 1550°:--. ..
137000 20.6 11. 1 0°P-dr w
141000 27.: :.,. J 12f0°K-r. ir w
141500 37.) 14.<
139500 17.1 11.0
140500 11.6 8.0
139000 43*4 16.0
137500 i*J.U 16.0 ■^
136000 iü.j 14.0
I300CO 1 -.? 12.0
On- ij\nt±. / " • ..
i..*.7:o
127500
138*25 24.2
141122 21.7
7,3L£ II (C?r.t:nu-.-l) RESTRICTED
Injot No« • •
&nd Typ- a:g;
o»
0.2* Y.3.
Bound! by 13"
r. s. Ltntth *r«-
:-i .H..7
u»d Solid
| ii. Tr-.*-.t.-.r.t
C3-3t-r.1c:rd 269 116000 132000 34.1 14.0
n it 255 112500 127500 13.1 9.5 1625°F-.:.Q.
CV-Ins=jrt 255 llpOCO 127500 29.2 12.5 I550°f-v.q.
it n 2o2 113500 129500 27.5 11.5 lX50°P-dfi..
AXX-XÄaort 311 12/500 154500 40.4 13.0 1150°?-:-.-«r m
•t H 311 122000 15loco 41.9 14.5
Cil-Ins^rt 302 126500 14X500 20.0 10.0
it >» 302 123500 145000 20.0 10.0
Al7»3tondurd 302 127000 145500 44*9 14.5 « •• 302 127^00 14450C 46.3 16.0
ClV-Jt-nd.rci 311 13A-0-. 1540'JO 37.3 13.5 H H 302 132500 U90CÖ
Rdteatfl
35.7 12.0
All-Insert 311 136000 154500 37.3 12.5
N 1 3U 13*000 ill - 35.7 12. C 1625^-•:.;.
Cll-Ir.o rt 302 131500 14<55oO 20.0 1X.5 1550 .- ..s.
•1 ii 302 12/500 14600C 22.4 12. C lX25°r-draM
,J.'/-Jt._wl-.x\i 302 12/COO U5500 44.9 14.3 1125°r-r ■
it »i 302 12»'. ' 144501 14.0
Cl7-StonJ rd JCi 1270VÜ 145OO0 37.3 13.0
II H 3-2 12ö>^J 144 3^.1 12.0 .
:.■-■ L ..v.r.- >.• Of 0" ;t >unu x 13* Lon: :. sul a
at.na.ri 126250 143X5C 37.2
Inatrta 126000 14A200 2 /.'J
RESTRICTED
V /
\
/
-23- i'.-'ilrJ IiJ
• :.ct ftetultfl - !I-- it L28066
3 stf.-t ?our-d
III :ct Cut Y.8. T.Ü. .-y.T Xr&cturu Itch
3isjac! tui.lity
UuzzlJ Fcuri■ Pr.ftti'
1 33 114000 134000 45.7 1/3 C — — ' ...,: t - 1
112000 132000 4"/.7 1/2 C — — it
1 3 noooo 13100c 44.4 Irrug. -' — •t
110000 ljlOCO A7.7 1/2 C — -- ••
2 31 113000 131000 43.1 1/2 C Fair : -a BadlCut - 1
115000 13300c 43.9 1A C ■Kill . r-.-j n
««11 -r bor--
*
2 B2 llOüüG 130000 49.7 1/2 C F.ir ;. i •»
112000 130ÜCO 50.1 1/2 C Insl.r— •.r bor. •t
2 33 11Ö000 133000 44.4 1/5 C — -- m
1X4000 131000 44.3 Irr--;. — -- •»
3 B 11200C 13000c 46.5 1/2 C ; -: Sood skat - l
11200v 130000 41.C Irr. •. ^••oi n .1 •f
3 31 116000 132OO0 45.7 1/2 C 3ti •. •t
116000 132CLC 47.3 1/2 C S»»oti Oood «
3 32 115000 I3OOÖO 5C5 :/. : 1 : ; : ••
liJOuC 132Cct 50.9 1/2 C Too* . •»
J B3 ll^v^'w I3IOOC 45.3 1/2 Z "•0. * ' t
112000 13-<w- <.-.l 1/2 C ". . . ; . . ••
A 31 ll4cw 134-.: 52.1 1A c — — t - 1
IL. . 133-.- ;.7.3 • • J» — -- •t
i/a«
V4'
' H
3/4
/
RESTRICTED - 24 -
l3Lu IV
T'j.jt « s alt* - Bt* 1 128066
Jlr.ct ^our .1
Cut Y.a^ T.5. K..T Fr-ctur-- r:tch s
Bro-ich «a lit*
?r rarlag
In sot Luzzl1 .Otloa
15 h 110000 132000 39.3 Irro». ..,. „. Udl • Diroot 114000 133000 41.0 Ziw ir — — n •f
15 b2 1.16000 134000 47.; 1/2 C — — if n
117000 1350^0 52.1 1/2 C -- — I •t
15 B3 116000 134000 49.7 1/2 C — — ft if
116000 134000 50.9 1/3 0 — — 1» •f
16 3 116000 133000 49.3 1/2 0 3ood Oood 1» •f
117000 134000 52.9 1/2 C oood Oood ■ n
10 31 llöOwO 133000 45.7 Irr**.. Oood OOOv. H N
116000 134000 52o 1/i C (1 #0'1 300d tl It
16 B2 116000 133000 50.1 1/2 C "fOOl iood •1 If
113000 133000 50.5 1/2 0 lOOfi Oood •t ■ 16 33 lloOOO 133000 46.1 lrr. j. Goou •C J ; •» II
115000 133000 52.1 lA. c J: - 1 -. i.J H •I
23 31 111000 133000 44.4 Irr jr. — — ft H
114000 132000 45.7 Irr«3. — — 1 II
25 I'3 115000 1330CO 4«*. 9 Irr> s« — — if If
114000 131000 48.9 I iTe :. — — If •f
27 33 116000 132000 4*.9 Irr;.?. — — H ft
lijooc 131000 4Ö.9 1/.: c — — •1 If
2) ..• 113000 131000 41.9 1/. c fj • id Oooa If I
113000 131000 50.9 Iri': •. Sood . 1. H ff
29 Bl 114000 1320CO 52.1 l/< c OOOd OooU m II
117000 134000 4^.1 1/2 C '; »0 ■- r.'OJ •• •I
29 B2 116000 132UCü 50.5 1/2 C oood Rood •t II
llbOOC 132UOO 52.9 1/2 C * •. Ooo: • « •f
29 33 112000 132000 4?.3 Irr •. 3ood ■1 " U$0*.'C 133000 52.0 1/2 C ; 'u. QOOd •t tf
X 3 110000 1350CÖ 51.3 1/2 C — -- •I It
116000 134000 52.1 1/. C — — ■ ■1
30 :^3 111000 134000 52.1 1/2 C — -- •1 ■ 114000 1340.0 49.7 l/> C — -- •1 H
N RESTRICTED
/
RESTRICTED
if jk
i> i
«V*
"IN
*
Jig. 1 - Producer a*« 20* x 23* x .1 1/2" r«ct«wl«r coll for gun staels.
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED 24
f "1 i ■ - & *
■ '.'■■&■ • ■'■Mi • ■«■'»ja
'•I- ']? t'flff,
•5.. rjJ
RESTRICTED Pig. 2 - ilae vie« jf curioa l.-.tort.
/
A 27
RESTRICTED
•
RESTRICTED
Fig. 3 - 20* x 23" split Ingot fro* carbon lasarttd sold. Maero«tet.
RESTRICTED
3
•H 3 N 3 P4 »* *4 o </\ <•> O
f 1
" O t»"i *»\ «4
o o »4 M m ?5 .» a
» f it
•1 s **l •v - f»\
11 2 o -* «4 •r\ »< *»4 u k o o
1
i 5!
1 •31
a a
3- -
4 - O -» A ■ Ml
o o •H •* IM o ■ (i
9 j H
its "■ •
-# »4 ** <v 3 O »4 ->< o O 4 o
^
V 2
«V o o .H o ^ o -4 | *N 3
\
3 ^1 3 ia i3 y, .n •3 3 9 tn t".
5
4
■»
N
<»\ »4 c- ^
o -» o
r4 l»\ «0
.4 • * «*» r*- • « ~\
< I.
-35
-* l»\ «M o * j U 1.
q •-4 4 'V «V •B ■S * ■ •
.. 1
:•: - -: .
«•• o 3 o f- -• « 11! -. . :
o rf% o *\ •O -» *\ ■ #
•I
.« •M ^ » f
RESTRICTED
x «3 2 1 3 S 2 2
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TITLE: Improvement in Gun Steel Ingot Practice (OD-34-3): i-art II - Plant Experii!
AUTHOR(S): Mehl, R. F.; Spretnak, J. W.; Sawyer. C. F. Q O £~ **^ ORIGINATING AGENCY: Carnegie Inst. of Technology, Pittsburgh. Pa. PUBLISHED BY: Office of Scientific Research and Development, KDRC, Div 18
ATI- 28100 I
0A7I Aug '45 Unclass. U.S.
LANGUACt
Eng. 40 photos, tables, diagrs ABSTRACT:
Bore quality of experimental 40 mm seamless gun tubes made from ingots cast in a standard 20 x 23" ingot mold and in the same mold with carbon inserts in the bottom are compared. Previous work indicated that high rejections of the bottom tubes was not primarily due to non-metallic inclusions but rather to the inherent weakness of structure of this part of the ingot, assumed to be associated with the cone of solidification formed by solidification from the mold walls and bottom of the mold. The object of the carbon insert was to restrict this cone in the portion of the ingot which is normally cropped off. The use of the carbon insert was successful in greatly restricting the cone of solidification, and brought about redistribution of non-metallics in the bottom half of the ingot. The top half of the ingot was unchanged in this respect. ^
DISTRIBUTION: Copies of this report obtainable from Air Documents Division; Atta: MCIDXD DIVISION: Ordnance and Armament (22f~ SECTION: Guns (2)_
ATI SHEET NO.: R-22-2 -8
SUBJECT HEADINGS: Gun tubes - Production (47421.5)
C7 U o to
AIR TECHNICAL INDEX Wriflhf-Patf»r*on Air For- Daylo
UNCLASSIFIED PER AU'THORITT
OSRD LIST #11 Dated 4-8 March 1946
