Tissues3
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Transcript of Tissues3
Tissues!Four types of tissues
ConnectiveMuscularEpithelial Nervous
Epithelial Tissues A sheet of cells that
covers a body's surface
Lines a body's cavity
The major function of epithelial tissue includes protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.
Cells can be thin, flat to cubic to elongated
Simple Stratified
Simple EpithelialThree types of simple
epithelial tissues
Simple squamous Simple cubiodalSimple columnar
Squamous CubiodalStratified Columnar
Simple Squamous Epithelial Allows passage of materials by
diffusion and filtration where protection is important.
All Squamous cells are flat cells with an irregular flattened shape and their cytoplasm is sparse
Thin and permeable this epithelium is found where filtration or the exchange of substance by rapid diffusion
A one-cell layer of simple squamous epithelium forms the alveoli of the respiratory membrane.
Simple Stratified
Simple Cubiodal Epithelial Consists of a single layer of
cells as tall as they are wide
Forms the wall of the smallest ducts of glands and many kidney tubules
Functions are secretion and absorption
Located in the kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands
Simple Stratified
Simple columnar epithelial Columnar epithelial cells
occur in one or more layers
Functions are absorption, secretion of mucus enzymes
Lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum
Displays cilia on their free surfaces, which moves substance or cells through an internal passageway.
Simple Stratified
Stratified EpithelialContains two or more
cell layers
The basal cells divide and push apically to replace the older surface cells
More durable than simple epithelial
protects
Transitional Squamous Cubiodal columnarPseudostratified
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Thick membrane composed
if several layers
Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
Found in the areas subjected to wear and tear, and its surface cells are being rubbed away and replaced by division of its basal cells
Simple Stratified
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Single layer of cells of differing heights, some do not reach free surface.
The nuclei lie at different levels above the basement membrane
Secretes and absorbs substances
Simple Stratified
Stratified cuboidal epithelialRare
Found in the ducts of some of the larger glands
Has two layers of cubiodal cells
The cells function in secretion and protection
Simple Stratified
Stratified columnar epitheliumLimited distribution in
the body
Small amount are found in the pharynx
Occurs at transition areas or junctions between two other types of epithelium
Simple Stratified
Transitional Epithelium Forms the lining of hollow
urniary organs
The cells of the basal layer are cubiodal or columnar
Stretches readily and permits distension of urniary organ by contained urine
Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cubiodal
Simple Stratified
Muscular TissuesHighly cellular
Three types of muscle tissue
SkeletalCardiacsmooth
Voluntary Involuntary
Voluntary muscleContractile tissue of the
body
Derived from the mesodermal layer of embyonic germ cells
Skeletal
Skeletal muscle Tissue is packed by
connective tissue organs, they are called skeletal muscles
Attached to the bones of the skeleton
Form flesh of the body
Pull on bones or skin causing body movements
Voluntary Involuntary
Involuntary muscleProduce movements
over which we have no control
Made up of bundles of fibers which are composed of elongated cells
Smooth Cardiac
Cardiac MuscleFound in the wall of the
heart
Its contractions help propel blood through the blood vessels
Located in the walls of the heart
Smooth Involuntary
Smooth muscleIts cells have no visible
striations
Spindle shaped cells with central nuclei
Cells arranged closely to form sheets
Located in the walls of hollow organs
Cardiac Involuntary
Connective tissue Found everywhere in
the body
Widely distrubuted of the primary tissues
Four main classes of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
Cartilage Bone tissue blood
Connective tissue Proper Cartilage Blood Bone
Connective tissue proper Wraps and cushions organs
Holds and conveys issue fluid
Located under the epithelia of body
Two subclasses
Loose connective tissues Areolar Adipose reticular
Dense connective tissues Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic
Loose Dense
Loose Connective TissueLoose connective
tissues
AreolarAdiposereticular
Areolar Reticular Adipose
Dense Connective TissueDense connective
tissuesDense regularDense irregularElastic
Regular Irregular
Areolar connective TissueSupports and binds
other tissues
Holds body fluids
Defends against infection
Stores nutrients as fat
Loose Dense
Reticular Connective TissueA network of reticular
fibers in a typical ground substance
Located in Lymphoid organs
Fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells,mast cells and macrophages
Loose Dense
Adipose connective tissue Provides reserve food fuel
Insulates against heart loss
Supports and protects organs
Located under the skin and around kidneys
Has high metabolic activity
Loose Dense
Dense regular connective tissuesParallel collagen fibers
The major cell type is the fibroblast
Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles
Located in tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses
Loose Dense
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Irregularly arranged collagen fibers
Forms sheets in the body areas where tension is exerted from many different directions
Found in the skin as the leathery dermis, and forms joint capsules and the fibrous coverings that surround organs
Able to with stand tension exerted in many directions
Provides structural strength
Loose Dense
Cartilage Stands up to both
tension and compression
Lacks nerve fibers and its avascular
Receives nutrients by diffusion
Three varieties of cartilage
Hyaline cartilageElastic cartilagefibrocartilage
Hyaline Elastic Fibro cartilage
Hyaline CartilageSupports and reinforces
and resists compressive stress
Forms most of the embryonic skeleton,
Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities
Cartilage
Elastic CartilageIdentical to hyaline
cartilage
Found where strength and stretchability is needed
Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
Supports the external ear
Cartilage
Fibro cartilage Has tensile strength with
the ability to absorb compressive shock
Has tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock
Located in interverebral discs, pubic symphysis, and disc of knee joint
Cartilage
Bone (osseous tissue)Hard calcified matrix
containing many collagen fibers, lie in lacunae
Bone supports and protects
Provides levers for the muscles to act on
Stores calcium on other minerals and fat
Connective
Blood Transports of respiratory
gases, nutrients, wastes
Classified as a connective tissue because develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells
Contained with blood vessels
Majority if blood cells are red cells
Connective
Nervous Tissue Highly specialized nerve
cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses
Neurons are branching cells
Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors with control activity
Located in brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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