Til-Aqua Breeding Program - YY Technology

Til-Aqua

International

Tila

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The Natural Male Tilapia Hatchery Member of the Tilapia Services Group

Til-Aqua International

2012

Til-Aqua breeding program YY - Technology

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Til-Aqua Red YY Strain

Til-Aqua

International

Presentation set-up

YY-technology

NMT-production

Selection and inbreeding prevention

2 The Natural Male Tilapia Hatchery

Member of the Tilapia Services Group

Til-Aqua

International

YY technology

Female (♀) = XX

Male (♂) = XY

Y-chromosome determines gender

Supermale has two Y chromosomes = YY

Supermales produce only male offspring



Til-Aqua

International

NMT-production

The production of NMT-fry is done by

crossing a Supermale from the YY line

with a normal female (XX) from a

separate normal mixed sex line.

By crossing two different lines for NMT-

production, the NMT-line itself is never an

inbred fish and gives a heterozis effect



Til-Aqua

International

YY-line normal XY line (the male line) (the female line)

YY♀ - YY♂ XX♀ - XY♂

YY♂ - XX♀

100% XY♂ (Natural Male Tilapia)

Own

selection

program

Own

selection

program



Til-Aqua

International

YY technology

Tilapia has the possibility of transgenesis,

which means they can change sexes

morphologically.

Different ways: Hormones

Temperature

UV-light



Til-Aqua

International

YY technology

Production of YY males

Male (♂) = XY hormone Female (♀) = XY

oC

Supermale has two Y chromosomes = YY

Since 2010 Til-Aqua uses ONLY temperature



Til-Aqua

International

XX♀ - XY♂ oC Hormone DES (DES = Di-Ethyl-Stilbestrol)

XX♀ + XY♀ XY♀ progeny testing with normal male

XY♀ - XY♂

XX♀ + XY♂ + YY♂ YY♂ progeny testing with normal female

XY♀ - YY♂ oC DES

XY♀ + YY♀ YY♀ progeny testing with normal male



Til-Aqua

International

XY♀ - YY♂

oC DES

XY♀ + YY♀ YY♀ progeny testing with

normal male

YY♀ - YY♂

Both are tested again

100% YY

Only YY♀ and YY♂ with 100% male progeny are used

by Til-Aqua



Til-Aqua

International

Goals of a selection program

• Prevention of inbreeding

Gain genetic improvement

› Faster growth

› Better Feed conversion

› Right color



Til-Aqua

International

Selection program

Selection = keeping the best genes

(Selection for the best genes is deleting less wanted genes)

Inbreeding = narrowing the genes pool

No selection without inbreeding

Most important in a selection program is

to select while keeping the inbreeding as

low as possible!



Til-Aqua

International

Inbreeding

Results of inbreeding:

Weaker fish (lower diseases resistance)

Lower fertility

Increased genetic disorders (malformations)

Lower growth

Smaller genetic pool for selection

(resulting in less gain through selection)



Til-Aqua

International

Prevention of inbreeding

For a good breeding program, the start-material is very important.

Our lines (both Black and Red tilapia) at Til-Aqua originate from different sources.

Some of these lines where partly inbred.

By crossing those inbred lines with other lines, new, non-inbred lines were developed.

Til-Aqua YY-lines and female-lines are from different strains. The product (NMT) will be non-inbred and an heterozis effect can be expected.

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Til-Aqua

International

Crossings of different lines

Til-Aqua Manzala Black Til-Aqua Red

Tiger

X

Result after 9 generations:

Til-Aqua’s Red YY



♂ ♀

Til-Aqua Red YY Strain

Til-Aqua

International

Selection

Own selection program for YY line and normal XY line.

Only 1 male per 3 females is used in the production.

Because we need more females, and only 50% of

normal offspring is female, selection on the female line

is lower than in the male line.

1 out of 3 females is selected for NMT production.

1 out of 10 males is selected for NMT production.



Til-Aqua

International

Tila

pia

- B

roo

d s

toc

k –

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tch

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ma

na

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me

nt – D

esi

gn

– S

yst

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s -

Co

nsu

lta

nc

y


100♀ + 30♂

A1

±12.000 mix sex

♀/♂

02 gram

± 6.000 mix sex

♀/♂

2 10 gram

1.500 mix sex ♀/♂

10 100 gram

1.500 mix sex ♀/♂

10 100 gram

600 ♀ A1

100 250 gram

600 ♂ A1

100 250 gram

Normal harvest of >10.000 eggs/fry

Grading, ± 50% biggest fish


Sexing, ± 50% biggest fish

Spawning tank A1

Til-Aqua

International

Tila

pia

- B

roo

d s

toc

k –

Ha

tch

ery

ma

na

ge

me

nt – D

esi

gn

– S

yst

em

s -

Co

nsu

lta

nc

y


100♀ + 30♂

A1

±12.000 mix sex

♀/♂

02 gram

± 6.000 mix sex

♀/♂

2 10 gram

1.500 mix sex ♀/♂

10 100 gram

1.500 mix sex ♀/♂

10 100 gram

600 ♀ A1

100 250 gram

600 ♂ A1

100 250 gram

Normal harvest of >10.000 eggs/fry



Sexing, ± 50% biggest fish

600 ♀ A1

100 250 gram

600 ♂ A1

100 250 gram

500♀ and 570 ♂ A1

for normal spawning

Best 100 ♀ and 30 ♂

A1

for new selection round

Til-Aqua

International

Tila

pia

- B

roo

d s

toc

k –

Ha

tch

ery

ma

na

ge

me

nt – D

esi

gn

– S

yst

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s -

Co

nsu

lta

nc

y


100♀ + 30♂

A1

F1 100 ♀ and 30 ♂

A1

Selection program

Spawning tank A1

100♀ + 30♂

A2

F1 100 ♀ and 30 ♂

A2

Selection program

100 ♀ A1

30 ♂ A2 100 ♀ A2

30 ♂ A1

Next round of Selection

Next round of Selection

Spawning tank A2

Til-Aqua

International

Development

Stronger selection on growth

More differentiation on colour

(more red, less black, etc.)

Increasing reproduction capacity

More broodstock, and more selection (it takes 1 year per selection round.)

Improving by monitoring of the

broodstock with tagging, et cetera

Implementation of farmers feedback

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