Three Domain And Six Kingdom Taxonomy

Kingdom Bacteria – Typical Bacteria

Prokaryotic

Ecoli (Gut) Bacteria

Kingdom Archaea

Solfolobus is an extremeophile that is found in hot springs and thrives in acid and sulfur rich environments.

Prokaryotic

Prokaryotic

Kingdom Protista

Nucleus

Eukaryotic

Amoeba proteus Paramecium caudatum

Trichonympha

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Fungi

Phylum Chordata (Characteristics of Chordates)

Notochord Precursor to your backbone

(vertebral column)

Dorsal nerve chord Anterior end becomes enlarged to form brain

Pharyngeal gill slits Evolved as filter feeding apparatus

Postanal tail Locomotion

Kingdom Animalia

Vertebrates

• Phylum Chordata – Subphylum Vertebrata

• Fish

– Class Agnatha (Jawless fishes)

– Class Chondrichthes (Sharks)

– Class Osteichthyes (Tuna)

• Class Amphibia (Frogs)

• Class Reptilia (Snakes, Lizards)

• Class Aves (Birds)

• Class Mammalia (Humans, Dogs)

Invertebrates

• Phylum Porifera – Sponges

• Phylum Cnidaria – Jellyfish

• Phylum Annelida –Earthworms

• Phylum Mollusca – Clams, squid, snails

• Phylum Arthropoda – Lobsters, insects

• Phylum Echinodermata – Sea stars

What is a Biological Species?

K (Keep) P (Police) C (Cars) O (Off) F (Fullerton’s) G (Good) S (Streets)

Biological Species Concept

• Species

– Capable of interbreeding

– Produce fertile offspring

• Problems with this definition

– Excludes asexually reproducing forms

– What about fossils?

The Species Name

• A binomial

– Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

– Phoca fasciata – Ribbon Seal

– Phoca vitulina – Harbor Seal

Different Species of Pine Trees

• Pinyon pine: Pinus monophylla

• Pinyon pine: Pinus quadrifolia

• Jeffrey Pine: Pinus jeffreyi

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class

Taxonomy

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia - Reptiles Class Aves – Birds Class Mammalia – Mammals

Simple versus Compound Leaves

Petiole

Blade

Petiole

Compound Leaves

Leaf Margins: The Edge of the Leaf

Lobed

Palmate Veins

Pinnate Veins

Leaf Venation

________ venation

________ margin

Simple Leaves

Pinnate

Serrate

Leaf Arrangement

Alternate Opposite

Practice

• Simple of compound leaves?

• Alternate of opposite leaves?

Practice

• Simple or compound leaves?

• Opposite or alternate leaves?

• Palmate or pinnate venation?

• Entire of dentate margin?

Axillary bud

Practice

• Simple or compound leaf?

• Pinnate of palmate venation?

• Entire of lobbed margin?

Axillary bud

Flattened Petiole

Note the axillary bud

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 1. Key out this Tree

Note axillary bud

• Does this tree have compound or simple leaves?

• Does this tree have opposite or alternate leaves?

• The answers to these two questions are on the next page.

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 2. Key out this Tree Leaflet 16mm wide

at widest point

Note axillary bud

This is one leaf

Petiole

This is a leaflet

• This tree has compound leaves

• The leaflets are opposite but the leaves are alternate!

Alternate leaves

Note the axillary bud

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 3. Key out this Tree

Dentate Margins

Hairs in axils of leaf veins

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 4. Key out this Tree

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 5. Key out this Tree

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 6. Key out this Shrub

1. Key out this tree1. Key out this tree 7. Key out this Tree

Answers

1. Populus fremontii – Fremont Cottonwood

2. Juglans californica – California Black Walnut

3. Plantanus racemosa – Western Sycamore

4. Quercus agrifolia – Coast Live Oak

5. Pinus – Pine

6. Heteromeles arbutifolia – Toyon

7. Prunus ilicifolia – Catalina Cherry

1. Populus fremontii: Fremont Cottonwood

• Tree

• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide

• Leaves simple

• Leaves pinnately veined

• Petioles strongly flattened

Flattened Petiole

2. Juglans californica – California Black Walnut

• Tree

• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide

• Leaves compound

• Leaves alternate

• Leaflets > 8mm at widest point

Axillary Bud

One Leaf

Alternate Leaves

3. Plantanus racemosa: Western Sycamore

• Tree

• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide

• Leaves simple

• Leaves palmatey veined

4. Quercus agrifolia – Coast Live Oak

• Tree

• Leaves broad, more than 2mm wide

• Leaves simple

• Leaves pinnately veined

• Leaf margin not entire

• Leaf margin dentate

• Hairs in axils of leaf veins of older leaves

5. Pinus sp.: Pine

• Tree

• Leaves small, needle-like or scalelike

• Leaves needle-like or narrow and flattened

6. Heteromeles arbutifolia: Toyon

• Shrub

• Leaves simple

• Leaves alternate

• Leaves not in fascicle (bundles). Leaves not revolute (rolled under)

• Leaf margins not entire

• Leaf not lobed