Biological Classification - Springfield · Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordates (Have a Notochord)...

BioEd Online

Biological Classification

By Deanne Erdmann, M.S.

www.BioEdOnline.orgBioEd Online

Why Do We Classify Organisms?

Biologists group organisms to represent similarities and proposed relationships.

Classification systems change with expanding knowledge about new and well-known organisms.

Tacitus bellus


Hierarchical Classification

Taxonomic categories

Kingdom King

Phylum Philip

Class Came

Order Over

Family For

Genus Green

Species Soup


Classification of Humans

Domain: Eukaryotes

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordates (Have a Notochord)

Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primates

Family: Great Apes

Genus species: Homo sapiens


Kingdoms and Domains

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

The three-domain system

The six-kingdom system

The traditional five-kingdom system


Carolus von Linnaeus(1707-1778)

Swedish scientist who laid foundation for modern taxonomy

Binomial Nomenclature

Carolus von Linnaeus

Two-word naming system

Genus Noun, Capitalized,

Underlined or Italicized

Species Descriptive, Lower Case,

Underlined or Italicized


Animal Classification

Label

Drawing(with notes)

Classification Characteristics


Example

Jointed legs

Hard covering

Arthropod

1. Animal has no backbone2. Distinct body symmetry3. Exhibits bilateral symmetry6. Body has segmentation, etc…..

17 in all!


Cladistics or Phylogenetic Systematics

Groups organisms based on the ancestors they have in common.

Clade = anatomically similar group

Ex: Cow vs. Sea Star


Other Organisms Similar to Cows

All Animals that Produce EggsSea star

CowEmus

SalamanderBlue Whale


Four Opposite AppendagesSalamander

CowEmusWhale

Produce Eggs – Sea star


Four Chambered HeartEmusCow

Whale

Four Opposite Appendages - Salamander



Placental MammalCow

Whale

Four Chambered Heart - Emus




Appendages are FlippersBlue Whale

Placental Mammal - Cow

Four Chambered Heart - Emus




EmuSalamanderSea Star Cow Whale

Produce Eggs

Four Opposite Appendages

Four Chambered Heart

Placental Mammal

Appendages are flippers

TIME(present)

(past)

A Cladogram


Traits Kangaroo Lamprey Rhesus Monkey

Bullfrog Human Snapping Turtle

Tuna

Chordate X X X X X X X

Vertebral Column

X X X X X X

Paired Legs

X X X X X

Four-chamberedheart

X X X X

MammaryGlands

X X X

PlacentalMammal

X X

Short Canine Teeth

X

Total # traits

5 1 6 3 7 4 2


Create a Venn Diagram.

Draw a Cladogram.


Unrooted


Rooted

Biological Classification - Springfield · Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordates (Have a Notochord)...

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