Thorax - Doctor 2017 - JU Medicine · 2018. 8. 11. · One Central, Mediastinum. Spring 2016 Dr....
Transcript of Thorax - Doctor 2017 - JU Medicine · 2018. 8. 11. · One Central, Mediastinum. Spring 2016 Dr....
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ThoraxLecture 2
• Thoracic cavity.
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Thoracic cavity Enclosed by the
thoracic wall.
Extends between (thoracic inlet) & (thoracic outlet).
Thoracic inletAt root of the neck.
Thoracic outletClose by the diaphragm.
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Thoracic cavity
Borders:
Ant. Sternum.
Post. 12 vertebrae.
Lateral The curving ribs, costal cartilages.
Their coverings and linings.
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Thoracic cavityDivided into 3 major compartments:
Two Peripheral pleural sacs, right and left, each enclosing a lung.
One Central, Mediastinum.
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Pleura and Lungs
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Pleura Thin continuous membrane
that covers lungs and lines thoracic wall.
Parts: Parietal, line wall of thoracic
cavity. Parts: 1-4 Visceral, cover the lungs.
Pleural cavity:Potential space between parietal and visceral pleura that contains pleural fluid for soundless & frictionless movements of the lungs. Become true in diseases.
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Trachea About 13 cm long.
Extends from lower
end of larynx to
sternal angle.
Pass within 2 regions
neck and thorax.
Divides into 2 1ry bronchi at sternal angle level.
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Right 1ry bronchus
Shorter
Wider
Vertical than left.
About 1 inch long.Therefore, inhaled foreign bodies that enter trachea are commonly trapped in it.
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Left primary bronchus
Narrower
Longer
More horizontal.
About 2 inch long.
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Lungs Conical-shaped spongy
organs.
Lie on both sides of mediastinum.
Attach to mediastinum by its root.
Suspended free within its own pleural cavity.
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LungsParts, each lung has: Apex (projects up). Base (concave). 3 borders:
• Anterior (narrow & overlap the heart).
• Posterior (rounded, on both sides of the vertebral column).
• Inferior (narrow).
3 surfaces:• Diaphragmatic (concave), rest on
the diaphragm.• Costal (wide and convex). • Mediastinal, related to mediastinal
structures.
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Left Lung
Characteristics:
Has one oblique fissure.
Has 2 lobes:
• Superior lobe.
• Inferior lobe.
Has Cardiac notch at its anterior border, notched by the heart.
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Left Lung
Characteristics:
Since it develop in a smaller space. It is:
Longer
Narrower
Lighter
Less functional than the right.
Related to the high pressure arterial side of the heart.
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Right Lung
Characteristics:
Has 2 fissures:
• Oblique.
• Horizontal.
Has 3 lobes:
• Superior lobe.
• Middle lobe.
• Inferior lobe.
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Right LungCharacteristics:
Since it develop in a larger space. It is:
Wider.
Shorter.
Heavier.
More functional than the left.
Related to the low pressure venous side of the heart.
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Root of the Lung Connect lung to the mediastinum. Surrounded by pleural sleeve.
Contents:• 1 Main bronchus.• 1 Pulmonary artery.• 2 pulmonary veins,
Superior Inferior
• Nerves. • lymphatics.
Arterial supply:The lung tissue itself, supplied by bronchial arteries from thoracic aorta.
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Bronchial Tree 1ry bronchi 2 lobar bronchi in
the left lung and 3 in the right lung, each for a pulmonary lobe.
Lobar bronchi divide repeatedly,lobular bronchioles for
pulmonary lobules Terminalbronchioles.
Each terminal bronchiole subdivides into respiratorybronchioles, numerous saclike alveoli where gas exchange occurs.