This Week:the Most Important OT Reading?

• The Burning Bush• The Name(s) of God• The 10 Plagues• Institution of the Passo

ver• The Red Sea Crossing• The 10 Commandments• The Golden Calf

Incident• The Tabernacle and Ark

The Burning Bush(Moses and His Excuses)

The Holy Name of God

His Name is Yahweh

יהוה

His Name is Yahweh

יהוה

The Tetragrammaton

The Name “Yahweh” appears in the Old Testament 6,823 times!Usually it is translated “Jehovah” or LORD.Jews still won’t write it, replacing it with “Lord” or “G-d”.

Jesus’ I AM StatementsJesus’ I AM Statements

• I AM the bread of life John 6: 35

• I AM the light of the world John 8: 12

• I AM the gate John 10: 7 and 9

• I AM the resurrection and the life John 11: 25

• I AM the bread of life John 6: 35

• I AM the light of the world John 8: 12

• I AM the gate John 10: 7 and 9

• I AM the resurrection and the life John 11: 25

• I AM the way, the truth, and the life John 14: 6

• I AM the true vine John 15: 1 and 5

• I AM the Good Shepherd John 10: 11 and 14

• I AM the way, the truth, and the life John 14: 6

• I AM the true vine John 15: 1 and 5

• I AM the Good Shepherd John 10: 11 and 14

Names of God• God – English – a supreme being or power1. Abraham called on the name of the Lord (Gen. 12:8; 13:4).2. The Lord proclaimed His own name before Moses (Ex. 33:19; 34:5).3. Israel was warned against profaning the name of the Lord (Lev. 13:21;

22:2, 32).4. The name of the Lord was not to be taken in vain (Ex. 20:7; Deut. 5:11).5. The priests of Israel were to minister in the name of the Lord (Deut. 18:5;

21:5).6. The name of God is called “wonderful” in Judges 13:18.7. To call on the name of the Lord was to worship Him as God (Gen. 21:33;

26:25).

Consequently, from this we can conclude that such phrases as “the name of the LORD” or “the name of God” refer to God’s whole character it was a summary statement embodying the entire person of God.

Names of God• New Testament Emphasis on the Name1. Salvation is through His name (John 1:12).2. Believers are to gather in His name (Matt. 18:20).3. Prayer is to be made in His name (John 14:13-14).4. The servant of the Lord who bears the name of Christ will be hated (Matt.

10:22).5. The book of Acts makes frequent mention of worship, service, and

suffering in the name of Jesus Christ (Acts 4:18; 5:28, 41; 10:43; 19:17).6. It is at the name of Jesus that every knee will one day bow and every

tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord (Phil. 2:10-11).

Colossians 3:17And everything, whatever ye may do in word or in deed, do all things in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father by him.

Names of God• Elohim (plural of El – the strong one – God)

– a plural of majesty and intimates the trinity.– especially used of God’s sovereignty, creative work,

mighty work for Israel and in relation to His sovereignty – (Isa. 54:5; Jer. 32:27; Gen. 1:1; Isa. 45:18; Deut. 5:23; 8:15;

Ps. 68:7).– Compounds

• El Shaddai: “God Almighty.” The derivation is uncertain. Some think it stresses God’s loving supply and comfort; others His power as the Almighty one standing on a mountain and who corrects and chastens (Gen. 17:1; 28:3; 35:11; Ex. 6:31; Ps. 91:1, 2).

• El Elyon: “The Most High God.” Stresses God’s strength, sovereignty, and supremacy (Gen. 14:19; Ps. 9:2; Dan. 7:18, 22, 25).

• El Olam: “The Everlasting God.” Emphasizes God’s unchangeableness and is connected with His inexhaustibleness (Gen. 16:13).

• Yahweh (YHWH): Comes from a verb which means “to exist, be.” – God is, was, and will be. Independent, self-existent, self-reliant.– (Gen. 4:3; Ex. 6:3 (cf. 3:14); 3:12).– Compounds

• Yahweh Jireh (Yireh): “The Lord will provide.” (Gen. 22:14). • Yahweh Nissi: “The Lord is my Banner.” Our rallying point, victory (Ex. 17:15). • Yahweh Shalom: “The Lord is Peace.” (Jud. 6:24). • Yahweh Sabbaoth: “The Lord of Hosts.” Military figure; the commander of the

armies of heaven (1 Sam. 1:3; 17:45). • Yahweh Maccaddeshcem: “The Lord your Sanctifier.” Our means of sanctification

(Ex. 31:13). • Yahweh Ro’i: “The Lord my Shepherd.” (Ps. 23:1). • Yahweh Tsidkenu: “The Lord our Righteousness.” (Jer. 23:6). • Yahweh Shammah: “The Lord is there.” Portrays the Lord’s personal presence (Ezek.

48:35). • Yahweh Elohim Israel: “The Lord, the God of Israel.” Identifies Yahweh as the God of

Israel in contrast to the false gods of the nations (Jud. 5:3.; Isa. 17:6).

• Adonai: Like Elohim, this too is a plural of majesty. The singular form means “master, owner.” Stresses man’s relationship to God as his master, authority, and provider (Gen. 18:2; 40:1; 1 Sam. 1:15; Ex. 21:1-6; Josh. 5:14).

• Theos: Greek word “God.” Primary name for God used in the New Testament. Its use teaches: – He is the only true God (Matt. 23:9; Rom. 3:30)– He is unique (1 Tim. 1:17; John 17:3; Rev. 15:4; 16:27); – He is transcendent (Acts 17:24; Heb. 3:4; Rev. 10:6); – He is the Savior (John 3:16; 1 Tim. 1:1; 2:3; 4:10). – Used of Christ as God in John 1:1, 18; 20:28; 1 John 5:20; Tit. 2:13; Rom. 9:5; Heb. 1:8;

2 Pet. 1:1.

• Kurios: Greek word “Lord.” Authority and supremacy. While it can mean sir (John 4:11), owner (Luke 19:33), master (Col. 3:22), or even refer to idols (1 Cor. 8:5) or husbands (1 Pet. 3:6), it is used mostly as the equivalent of Yahweh of the Old Testament. It too is used of Jesus Christ meaning (1) Rabbi or Sir (Matt. 8:6); (2) God or Deity (John 20:28; Acts 2:36; Rom. 10:9; Phil. 2:11).

• Despotes: Greek word translated “Master.” Carries the idea of ownership while kurios stressed supreme authority (Luke 2:29; Acts 4:24; Rev. 6:10; 2 Pet. 2:1; Jude 4).

• Father: A distinctive New Testament revelation is that through faith in Christ, God becomes our personal Father. Father is used of God in the Old Testament only 15 times while it is used of God 245 times in the New Testament. As a name of God, it stresses God’s loving care, provision, discipline, and the way we are to address God in prayer (Matt. 7:11; Jam. 1:17; Heb. 12:5-11; John 15:16; 16:23; Eph. 2:18; 3:15; 1 Thess. 3:11).

Blatantly Stolen from http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_id=220

1. Blood2. Frogs / Alligators3. Gnats / Lice4. Flies5. Dead Livestock6. Plague of Boils7. Fiery Hail Storm8. Locusts9. Darkness10. Death of Firstborn

Exodus 10:1-2 (p 108-109)Exodus 10:1-2 (p 108-109)

“Son of man, set your face against Pharaoh king of Egypt and prophesy against him and against all Egypt. Speak to him and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, you great monster lying among your streams. You say, ‘The Nile is mine; I made it for myself.’ But I will put hooks in your jaws and make the fish of your streams stick to your scales. I will put you out from among your streams, with all the fish sticking to your scales. I will leave you in the desert, you and all the fish of your streams. You will fall on the open field and not be gathered or picked up. I will give you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the air. Then all who live in Egypt will know that I am the Lord’”

Level of Pain: DiscomfortPlague Verses Warning Conditions

/ DetailsApplication to Egyptian Gods

Outcome / Responses

Nile turned to blood

7:14-25 Pharaoh as he went to get water from Nile in the morning.

“In the morning”

Hapi (Apis), the bull god of Nile; Isis, goddess of Nile; Khnua, ram god, guardian of Nile

Magicians duplicated; Pharaoh refused to listen; People dug along Nile for water

Frogs 8:1-15 Let My people go, or else …

  Heqet, goddess of birth—frog head

Magicians duplicated; Moses petitioned to remove frogs; Pharaoh to set time

Gnats 8:16-19 None   Set, god of desert

“This is the finger of God”

Level of Pain: DestructionFlies 8:20-

32Pharaoh as he goes to get water in early morning

“In the morning”Time specified, Goshen exempted

Re, sun god;

Uatchit, possibly represented by fly

Moses summoned / Pharaoh bargains: “Don’t go far”

Livestock killed

9:1-7 If you refuse…

Israel’s cattle exempted,Time of plague

Hathor, goddess with cow head; Apis, the bull god (fertility)

Pharaoh informed, no repentance

Boils 9:8-12 None Soot of furnace tossed in air

Sekhmet, goddess over disease; Sunu, pestilence god

Magicians afflicted, could not stand before Moses. Pharaoh hardened.

Level of Pain: DreadStorm 9:13-25 “Let my

people go, or else… Plagues full force!”

“In the morning” worst storm in Egypt’s history. Time set. Bring in livestock.

Nut, sky goddess;Osiris, god of crops, fertility;Set, god of storms

Some officials brought in servants, cattle.Goshen exemptedPharaoh: “I have sinned—We are wrong”King & officials hardened hearts

Locusts 10:1-20 “Let my people go … if you refuse. . .”

  Nut, sky goddessOsiris, god of crops, fertility

Officials plead for release of Israel before plague.Pharaoh bargains, “Men, only”“I have sinned”

Darkness

10:21-29

None Total darkness.Light in Israel’s homes

Re, sun godNut, sky goddessHathor, sky goddess

“Go, without herds”“Out of my sight”“Don’t come back”

http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_id=138

In the Torah (the first five books of Moses), there were seven sacred festivals instituted by God:

The Feast of Passover (Pesach)

- celebrated the night when the angel passed over the Hebrew households in Egypt. The Feast of Unleavened Bread

- commemorated the first 7 days of the Exodus when the Hebrews left Egypt in such a hurry that they did not have time to add yeast to their dough.

The Feast of Weeks

- also called the Pentecost (Shavuot). It marked the end of the harvest and offering of first fruits.

The Feast of Trumpets (Yom Teruah)

- the blowing of a ram's horn, or shofar, to call the people to prepare for the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). Later this day became the Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah).

The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) - the most solemn day of the year. On this day, the High Priest sacrificed sin offerings to atone all the sins of the people and entered the Most Holy Place to offer incense.

The Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot) - celebrated the completion of the great fall harvest and remembered the Hebrews in the Exodus living in tents for 40 years.

The Feast of the Last Great Day (Shmini Atzeret) - marked the conclusion of the festival year.

Of the above, three were considered as "major feasts": the Feast of Passover (Pesach), the Feast of Weeks (Pentecost), and the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot). These are often called "pilgrim feasts" because all adult males were required to travel to the sanctuary to take part (Deuteronomy 16:16).

Purim – thanks to God’s deliverance of Esther

The Festival of Lights (Hanukah) – celebration of the Maccabean Revolt

Not “later” – but Sabbath years (every 7th). After 7 Sabbaths (49 years), on the 50th year, a year of Jubilee was to be celebrated. No evidence that Israel ever did so.

The Exodus Route

Children of Israel

• Hem and Haw!• Worship or Worry?• Courage or Complaints?

The 10 Commandments

Research New Testament passages that reference “the name of the Lord.” Write about what it means to know God by name.

Reflect on the connection between the Passover and the Cross. Discuss the similarities and the benefit of knowing the background.

The plagues were done so all might all would “know that I am the LORD.” Find other recurrences of this phrase in your Bible.

http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/view/SMhVnJsOtha6QGFT1LjzJ2-

The Key: The Holiness of God and the Presence of God

Abraham’s burial place (in Hebron)