Plagues And People
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Transcript of Plagues And People
Plagues and PeoplePlagues and People
Kyle DeKlerkKyle DeKlerk
Man the HunterMan the Hunter
Balance between parasites and hostBalance between parasites and host Cultural evolution creates disruptionCultural evolution creates disruption Major steps away from balance skills and Major steps away from balance skills and
tools to hunt (as early as 4 mil yrs ago), tools to hunt (as early as 4 mil yrs ago), language, and clothes led to civilizationslanguage, and clothes led to civilizations
Man the FarmerMan the Farmer
Humans shaped environmentHumans shaped environment Changed diseasesChanged diseases Irrigation helped diseases thriveIrrigation helped diseases thrive Africa (malaria and mosquito)Africa (malaria and mosquito) Viral diseases thrived in almost all Viral diseases thrived in almost all
civilizations because of growing population civilizations because of growing population Unusual because of Immune systemUnusual because of Immune system
Man the Farmer cont.Man the Farmer cont.
Many diseases shared with domesticated Many diseases shared with domesticated animalsanimals
Poultry 26, Rat 32, Horse 35, Pig 42, Poultry 26, Rat 32, Horse 35, Pig 42, Sheep 46, Cattle 50, Dog 65Sheep 46, Cattle 50, Dog 65
Bubonic Plague (rats)Bubonic Plague (rats) Lassa fever Uganda 1969 (rodents)Lassa fever Uganda 1969 (rodents)
ChinaChina
China great power began moving south China great power began moving south Large difference in climate between North Large difference in climate between North
and Southand South More parasites in South than in North More parasites in South than in North Chinese historiographer recorded from Chinese historiographer recorded from
145 B.C.- 87 B.C. low population in South 145 B.C.- 87 B.C. low population in South China males seemed died at a young ageChina males seemed died at a young age
Chinese able to thriveChinese able to thrive
IndiaIndia
Irrigation of the Ganges vital to multiple Irrigation of the Ganges vital to multiple harvestsharvests
Irrigation helped keep viruses aliveIrrigation helped keep viruses alive Surplus was maintained and population Surplus was maintained and population
grewgrew
MediterraneanMediterranean
Trade was important Trade was important Very cramped passed on infections easilyVery cramped passed on infections easily Hippocrates recorded many diseases in Hippocrates recorded many diseases in
ancient Greeceancient Greece Population able to growPopulation able to grow
EurasiaEurasia
By the Christian Era India, China, By the Christian Era India, China, Mediterranean 50 mil Mediterranean 50 mil
Unbalance between parasites and human Unbalance between parasites and human host host
Civilizations vulnerable to unfamiliar Civilizations vulnerable to unfamiliar infectionsinfections
All 3 suffered from outbreaksAll 3 suffered from outbreaks
Eurasia cont.Eurasia cont.
Infections began to come up unexpectedly Infections began to come up unexpectedly probably due to tradeprobably due to trade
Unexpected death strained society Unexpected death strained society especially in Rome around 100 A.D.especially in Rome around 100 A.D.
Mongol RuleMongol Rule
Mongols took over AsiaMongols took over Asia Re-established tradeRe-established trade Some small epidemics Some small epidemics Brought rats and items infected with Brought rats and items infected with
Bubonic PlagueBubonic Plague Very deadlyVery deadly Small scale reoccurrence in late 1800’s Small scale reoccurrence in late 1800’s
and again early 1900’sand again early 1900’s
Transoceanic ExchangesTransoceanic Exchanges
Not much evidence in America before Not much evidence in America before European controlEuropean control
Spaniards defeated Aztecs (Smallpox) Spaniards defeated Aztecs (Smallpox) Less advanced than EurasiaLess advanced than Eurasia Some diseases but much better balanceSome diseases but much better balance Smallpox Hispaniola 1518 Cortez in Smallpox Hispaniola 1518 Cortez in
America 1520America 1520
Transoceanic cont.Transoceanic cont.
Syphilis and typhus to Europe during war Syphilis and typhus to Europe during war time possibly from trade with Americastime possibly from trade with Americas
Maize, potatoes, tomatoes, chili peppers, Maize, potatoes, tomatoes, chili peppers, peanuts, and manioc brought infectionspeanuts, and manioc brought infections
Medical ScienceMedical Science
First steps were religious sometimes good First steps were religious sometimes good sometimes badsometimes bad
Gradually began to developGradually began to develop By the 15By the 15thth century Italy began quarantine century Italy began quarantine Bubonic plague helped cope with syphilisBubonic plague helped cope with syphilis Treatment for syphilis trial and errorTreatment for syphilis trial and error
Medical Science cont.Medical Science cont.
Food production and diet Food production and diet Healthier cropsHealthier crops More cattle feed better cattle feed More cattle feed better cattle feed Malaria carrying mosquito like cattle blood Malaria carrying mosquito like cattle blood
but Malaria virus can’t survive in cattlebut Malaria virus can’t survive in cattle More protein helped the immune systemMore protein helped the immune system Better hygiene laws (waste removal)Better hygiene laws (waste removal)
ConclusionConclusion
First Man and parasites lived in a balanceFirst Man and parasites lived in a balance Cultural evolution of man disrupted Cultural evolution of man disrupted
balancebalance Less frequent more deadly viruses Less frequent more deadly viruses