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ABB Protective Relay School Webinar SeriesDisclaimer

ABB Wireless Solutions for UtilitiesBert WilliamsDecember 2015

ABB Protective Relay School Webinar Series

Presenter

Bert Williams

Director, Global Marketing

ABB Wireless

[email protected]

650.714.2152

December 3, 2015 | Slide 4©ABB

mailto:[email protected]

Learning objectives

Understand the ABB Wireless networking solution, the

value it provides, and the applications it supports in the

utility network

Review application examples and case studies of where

the ABB Wireless solution fits and is already being

deployed

Compare and contrast the ABB Wireless solution with other

wireless and communication technology being offered in

the utility market today


ABB Wireless – we’re not just Tropos anymore


TropOS TeleOS ArcheOS

Use caseBest reliability and performance

for high endpoint density

Long range in isolated

or low noise areas

Long range in areas with

obstructions or high noise

Licensing Unlicensed Unlicensed Licensed

Technology Mesh PTP/PTMP PTP/PTMP

Frequency bands

(MHz)2400/5000 900 100/200/300/400/900

Typical Throughput >10 Mbps ~100s kbps ~10s kbps

Security

AES, VLANs, passwords,

integrated firewall and IPsec

VPN

AES, VLANs,

passwords,

integrated firewall

AES, VLANs, passwords,

integrated firewall

Management SuprOS SuprOS SuprOS

Grid modernization is changing utility communications

Automated metering infrastructure

Distribution automation

Substation automation

Substation security

Leased line replacement

Field workforce communications

Driving new networked applications


Two-way communications

Foundation for grid modernization


ABB Wireless fills gap between

utility core network and field

apparatus

Automated metering

infrastructure – backhaul

AMI networks (NANs)


devices – relays, controls,

sensors, IEDs, RTUs

Substation automation devices –

voltage regulators, switches,

sensors

Security devices – video,

physical access control systems

Mobile devices – field workers

Where ABB Wireless fits

Applicable to distribution feeders and substations


Automated metering infrastructure

Data aggregated at collectors from

meters that are read from a

Neighborhood Area Network (NAN)

Collectors require high bandwidth

connections driven by number of

connected meters and frequency of

meter reads

Additional application requirements

Reliability

Security

Reduced opex

Automated metering infrastructure (AMI) data communications requirements


AMI backhaul project considerationsHidden costs with public network – reliability, control, and more


Private Wireless Public Wireless

Reliability/

Availability

Utility specifies design and backup

requirements, controls O&M strategy/structure

and network access

Utility has little influence on network design and

O&M, network likely unavailable during force

majeure events

Bandwidth10+ Mbps bi-directional at each network

device

LTE 5-12 Mbps down, 2-5 Mbps up; earlier

generations lower bandwidth

Latency 1 ms per hopLTE 50-200 ms; earlier generations higher

latency

ControlUtility designs and implements network based

on its needsUtility has little or not control over network

Technology

Life Cycle15+ years, end-of-life controlled by utility <10 years, end-of-life controlled by carrier

QoS Utility controls the network’s QoS

LTE QoS may be available depending on carrier,

may not apply during force majeure events;

earlier generations don’t support QoS

SecurityStandard, IP-based security solutions; logs

readily available for compliance and forensics

Security services may incur additional cost; log

access may vary by carrier and contract

Actual utility’s communications reliability compared

Production deployment


According to the utility, “(Broadband wireless) just works”

Key measure for the utility was whether the SCADA master declared devices offline

The previous system was not meeting reliability requirements – with private broadband

wireless devices remained visible and controllable

Zero radio failures in over one year of operation, network uptime >99.99%

Economic value case study

Utility wants to eliminate operating expenses associated

with cellular data plans for AMI backhaul

GPRS data costs not high today but utility wants to up

frequency of data pulls from current rate of twice per week

Utility would also like to deploy a wireless network that is

capable of supporting additional smart grid services

Following comparative cost model assumes M2M cellular

pricing based on twice a day polls for AMI

AMI backhaul replacement project


Ten Year Cost Comparison – AMI Backhaul

460 AMI data collectors

For private wireless networks, dual band ABB Wireless

router at each collector site

For public wireless network

Cellular router at collector is Cisco CGR or similar with

a cellular card

Cell cards replaced at year 6

Modelled public wireless using a metering pull rate of two

per day – if frequency increased this 15 minute reads,

public wireless expense ~85% higher than private wireless

solution

Assumptions


Ten Year Cost Comparison – AMI Backhaul


$3,520,978.00

$4,048,000.00

$3,200,000.00

$3,300,000.00

$3,400,000.00

$3,500,000.00

$3,600,000.00

$3,700,000.00

$3,800,000.00

$3,900,000.00

$4,000,000.00

$4,100,000.00

Tropos Mesh Public Wireless

10 Year Total Expense Comparison - AMI Backhaul

United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi Water & Electric Authority (ADWEA)


Customer need

Emirate-wide smart grid distribution area network

ABB response

Installed >3,000 Tropos mesh routers

Tropos network spans >3,000 square miles

Customer benefits

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) reads >1 million smart power and water meters

Supports additional smart grid applications

Real-time SCADA substation control

Distribution automation (DA)

Mobile workforce connectivity

Substation video security

Street light control

Customer:

Abu Dhabi Water

& Electric Authority

(ADWEA)

“The future smart grid is being built and delivered today in Abu Dhabi.”

Saeed NassouriTechnical Advisor

Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority (ADWEA)

United States – DTE Energy


Customer need

Replace/augment unreliable cellular network

ABB response

AMI backhaul for 3.1 million power meters

Communications to 320 DA devices

Communications to selected substations

Tropos added IPsec VPN capabilities to products to meet specific DTE needs

Opportunity to leverage Tropos network for

Smart gas meter backhaul

Mobile utility workforce applications

Customer benefits

High throughput, low latency network

Average 1.25 Mbps throughput/7.4 ms latency to AMI collectors

Average 3.16 Mbps throughput/6.2 ms latency to DA endpoints

Exceeded target meter read success rate

Customer:

DTE Energy

“We selected the Tropos mesh as it has the capacity and security to support AMI, distribution automation, mobile workforce automation and other smart grid applications.”

Brian Moccia AMI Technology Manager

DTE Energy

Deployment

ABB Wireless devices connected to core IP networks at substations

ABB Wireless devices co-located with DA devices

Expected performance: 0.25 – 3.0 Mbps to each end-point with low latency

ABB Wireless value proposition

Reliability

Security

Bandwidth

Reduced opex

Turnkey services

Distribution automation data communications requirements


DA-enabled visibility and control matters


SUSTAINABILITY

Incorporate renewable and distributed energy resources into the grid

EFFICIENCY

Provide visibility into the real-time conditions of the network to optimize power flow

RELIABILITY

Proactively manage people and field assets to minimize the frequency and duration of outages

OPERATIONALEFFECTIVENESS

Proper awareness of conditions of assets through information technology

CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT

Provide grid management awareness through hardware and software solutions

Why broadband?

Growing demand for data from intelligent devices


EPRI and Greentech Research


Dynamic feeder reconfiguration

FDIR/FLISR

Load balancing

Renewables integration

Conservation voltage reduction

Volt/VAR optimization

Transformer monitoring

A portfolio of applications


Basic automation

Simple measurements

Outage and restoration reporting

Predictive and preventive maintenance

Cap bank neutral current monitoring

Remote sensing and control


Dynamic feeder reconfiguration

Outage minimization

Isolation of outages

Redirection of power

Distributed generation

Shift loads from one source to another

Remote sensing and control


Outage restoration example

All customers have power


Source: Avista

Outage restoration exampleCustomers between Substation A and tie points lose power


Source: Avista

Outage restoration examplePower restored from Substation A to switch nearest fault


Source: Avista

Outage restoration example


Power restored from Substations B and C to switches nearest fault

Source: Avista

Feeder visibility and control reduces outage duration


Without

Automation

With

Automation

45-75 minutes

Power restored

to customers on

healthy sections

of feeder

1-4 hours

Feeder

Back to

Normal

1-4 hours

Feeder

Back to

Normal

Customer

Reports

Outage

5-10 minutes

5-10 minutes

Customer

Reports

Outage

Fault Occurs

Fault Occurs

10-15 minutes

Time to Perform

Manual Switching

15-20 minutes

Fault Investigation

and Patrol Time

Fault

Located

15-30 minutes

Travel Time

1-5 minutes

5-10 minutes

Patrol Time

15-30 minutes

Field Crews

On-Scene

Travel Time

Power restored to

customers on healthy

sections of feeder

GridShield

52GridShield

52GridShield

52GridShield

Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Utility 1

Substation

Circuit

Breaker

Utility 2

Recloser 1

IEC 61850 wireless

Communications

Customers

500kW

N.C.

X

FaultAMI.

DNP to SCADA

52

DC

AC

100kW

400kW

Recloser 2

500kW

Communications-assisted distributed generation application


Monitor line voltage to ensure minimum allowable voltage

delivered to last customer

Control voltage at the regulator

Usually in substation

Can be down the feeder

Minimizes power delivered into the line minimizing cost to

the utility

Concern over constant-power loads

Current increases as voltage decreases causing

additional drop on the line




monitor voltage herecontrol voltage here

Volt/VAR control

Why: reactive loads decrease the efficiency of the network

Objective: maintain power factor as close to unity as possible

Minimize power to the network

Minimize cost

How: install capacitor banks at locations along the distribution

feeder

Need to be switched to avoid leading power factor when

load is resistive

Typical method is time-based switching

More effective method is measurement-based switching


Volt/VAR control


Switches

Cap Banks

Transformer monitoring


functionality measure and report temperature,

voltage, current, oil level

requirements

high (seconds to minutes) latency

10-100 kbps throughput

head end application support

SCADA, EMS, DMS, Yukon

benefits

predictive, preventive maintenance

energy theft detection

improved asset management

improved reliability

communications

almost none installed, but sensors

and communications being

considered

TropOS

solutions

Tropos 1410-B integrated into sensor-

equipped communicating transformer

Applications

transformer health monitoring

transformer load monitoring

power quality monitoring

outage management

theft monitoring

Ten substation model

Additional services – CVR


Based on ten substations in a typical

U.S. environment

Assumptions

4 feeders per substation

4 devices per feeder to connect

Lower cost data plan for this

service ($15/mo)

Refresh cellular modems year 6

Analysis

The longer we stretch out this

comparison, the more favorable

private wireless becomes

The more IEDs per feeder, the

better the more favorable private

wireless becomes over time

$366,768.00

$704,000.00

$0

$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

$400,000

$500,000

$600,000

$700,000

$800,000

Tropos Incremental Network Costfor VVO/CVR

Public Wireless Network for VVO

10 Year Total Expense - CVR

TropOS incremental network

cost for VVO/CVR

Public wireless network

cost for VVO/CVR

Based on ten substations in a typical

U.S. environment

Assumptions

4 feeders per substation

3 devices per feeder to connect

Refresh cellular modems year 6

Analysis

This application is about

reliability – cellular is not be the

best technology choice

Ten substation model

Additional services – FDIR


$275,076.00

$528,000.00

$0

$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

$400,000

$500,000

$600,000

Tropos Incremental Network Costfor FDIR

Public Wireless for FDIR

10 Year Total Expense - FDIR

TropOS incremental network

cost for FDIR

Public wireless network

cost for FDIR

Increasing the time and number of

devices favors the private wireless

solution

Bandwidth intensive services like video

surveillance also favor the private

wireless solution

Mission critical applications like feeder

automation are best served by highly

reliable private wireless

AMI + ten substation distribution automation

Cost comparison – combined services


AMI Backhaul

AMI Backhaul

VVO/CVR

VVO/CVR

FDIR/FLISR

FDIR/FLISR

$0

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

ABB Wireless Cellular

10 Year TCO – Combined Services

United States – Avista, Spokane, Washington


Customer need

Communication network for distribution automation system

ABB response

Supplied private broadband wireless network

Network supports

14 substations and 59 distribution feeders serving >110,000 customers

>200 DA devices

Customer benefits

Reduce outage times through faster detection and isolation of faults

Save 42,000 megawatt hours of energy annually while reducing carbon emissions by 14,400 tons per year

Opportunity to extend use of network for additional applications

Customer:

Avista – Spokane

(Washington)

Smart Circuits

Project

United States – Avista, Pullman, Washington


Customer need

Automate electric distribution system using intelligent devices and two-way communications

ABB response

AMI: backhaul for 13,000 ItronOpenWay power meters and 5,000 gas meters

DA: communication for 13 feeders and >60 DA devices (reclosers, cap banks, transformers)

Opportunity to extend use of network to Smart Home Pilot

Customer benefits

Decreased labor costs by reducing employee time in field to manually read meters and perform service connection/disconnection

Reduce outage times through faster detection and isolation of faults

Understand benefits and costs of smart grid technology to Avista and its customers

Customer:

Avista – Pullman

(Washington)

Smart Grid

Demonstration

Project

“Tropos is a very good fit for outdoor applications, has a strong base and their reliable design ensures a high-capacity wireless communications foundation.”

Jim CorderDirector of IT Infrastructure

Avista

United States – Large Investor Owned Utility


Customer need

Provide communications to distribution automation devices

Replace/augment unreliable legacy PTMP network

ABB response

Communications to 200 DA devices

Wireless coverage over 300 sq miles

Opportunity to leverage wireless network for

Additional DA devices

Mobile utility workforce applications

Customer benefits

Reduced O&M costs

Reliable communications for Distribution Automation devices

Turn-key implementation by ABB off-loaded IT organization

Substation automation

Connect equipment in substation yard to software in control house and/or operations center

Voltage regulators

Switches

Sensors

ABB Wireless value proposition

Low latency

High reliability

Security

Eliminate trenching costs

Turnkey services

Substation automation data communications requirements


Wireless in substations

Wireless not generally consider to be a great fit for

substations

If building a new substation, most likely going to put fiber in

the ground (or cable trays)

Wireless networks serving feeders might terminate at fiber

switch ports in substation but few other uses

Game changer – the need for utilities to retrofit existing

substations with automation capabilities

What’s the business case?


Main factor driving wireless in substations

However as utilities look to add automation to

existing substations, wired connections are not as

readily available as many had assumed

Going back and deploying fiber or fiber trays within

existing substations is an expensive proposition

Trenching costs

Drilling holes in control cabinets

Safety considerations

For substation retrofits, wireless is a great fit

Desire to avoid trenching in substation yards


Costs for a 200 foot long 1’ x 1’ trench

+ Mobilization = $5,000

+ Excavation equipment = $9,600

$400/hr = $400 * 24 hrs (assumes all work done in a day)

+ Backfilling equipment = $4,800

$200/hr * 24 hrs (assumes no machine compaction is required and manual compaction will suffice) $200 * 24 hrs = $4800

+ Labor = $8,400

2 laborers at $100/hr and 1 supervisor at $150/hrrate * 24 hrs

+ Conduit and Misc = $6,000

+ Demobilization = $3,000

+ 15-20% contractor margin

= total cost of

$42,000-$44,000

A closer look at trenching costs

Digging in the substation yard


Location (state regulations, geography, labor costs)

Other work contractor is asked to do on site (more work might mean lower per foot cost)

Grading requirement on site

Amount of hand excavation required due to obstructions

Availability of reliable small contractors

Big contractors won’t do work –mobilization/de-mobilization alone >$50,000)

Safety training for working on energized substation

Additional trenches to reach all equipment

Drilling out holes in control cabinets/re-weatherproofing

A closer look at trenching costs

Many factors have a significant impact on cost


Total Cost of $42,000 -

$44,000

Can easily rise into $100,000 to $150,000 range.

Aware of one real world example where trenching for three devices cost $256,000!

Compare to cost of wireless

Much lower cost for a wireless solution

Assuming 18 IEDs in the substation which need to be connected (6 feeders with 3 x single phase regulators)

Cost of Tropos solution approximately $20,000 including ongoing support, network management system, and a day or two of professional services

Compared to the low-end of our trenching cost range, a wireless system ~50% of trenching cost alone

At high-end of range for trenching, a wireless system would be 10-20% of trenching cost alone

There a lot fewer cost variables with wireless – a network of the same size will cost roughly the same to install in any substation

Time to deploy is going to be faster as permitting, grading, safety considerations, etc., will not be as much of an issue

Tropos wireless for substation automation


Starting automate substations with SCADA (specifically voltage regulators)

Communication requirements

Access to control panels without pulling any communications cables

No holes drilled in regulator cabinets as this would increase both installation time and costs

Access to controls from anywhere within the substation

Check or change settings, update firmware and control regulators from safe distance

Readily available monitoring, data logging, power quality, and condition-based maintenance information

Support for proper cyber security standards

Example #1

Substation automation with integrated communications


Tropos 1410 wireless bridges installed in each regulator cabinet

Antennas were selected to provide enough signal strength when mounted inside the cabinets

Throughput still more than 1 Mbps

Output of radios configured so that it’s strong to operate within the substation, but is not visible outside the fence

SSID of network is hidden

Ethernet used to connect regulator controllers and Tropos wireless bridges

Wireless bridges communicate to a Tropos wireless gateway mounted outside the control house

Gateway connects to Layer 2 switch in the control house via Ethernet

Layer 2 switch also connects to an automation control unit

L2 switch provides optical isolation and allows other devices in substation access to wireless network and substation computer

Protocol used is DNP3 over TCP/IP

Can also access individual controls over the wireless network

Voltage regulator controller opportunity

Substation pilot architecture


~150 feet from regulators

to control house

Utility had gas monitors that they require readings from a few times a day

Doing lifecycle monitoring and management as lead time on replacement transformers is approximately two years

The substation itself has fiber connectivity (backhaul) but the utility stated it was too difficult and too expensive to install fiber within the substation yard

Previously each gas monitor was connected via a Sierra Wirelesscellular modem

Field communications manager wanted to reduce cellular communication costs

For the pilot, cellular cards with a Tropos 1410 which connect to a gateway at the control house

Still backhauling via cellular out of the substation

Cut cell modem requirement, reducing operating expenses

Example #2

Substation transformer gas monitor sensors


General reliability – unlike conventional wireless networks, mesh networks have no single points of failure

Multiple redundant communications pathways

Dynamic channel selection plus ability to leverage 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands to avoid localized interference on any

one channel or band

Reliability during storms – unlike some microwave networks, mesh networks not susceptible to storm-related problems

Use lower frequency bands than microwave – less susceptible to rain fade

Use 30 foot to 40 foot mounting locations – less sway during when windy

Use omnidirectional antennas – require less precise alignment than the directional antennas used by microwave

Latency – well-designed broadband wireless mesh networks using throughput optimizing mesh routing algorithms can

deliver sub-cycle (<17 ms) latency with individual mesh routers introducing latency of about 1 ms per hop

Security – while some mistakenly believe that wireless networks are inherently less secure than wired networks,

wireless networks can be highly secure

Multi-layer, defense-in-depth security architectures can achieve high levels of security whether using wireline or

wireless

Wireless mesh routers provide technical controls required for NERC CIP v5 compliance and are FIPS 140-2

certified

Addressing red herrings

Wireless networks can be reliable, low latency, secure


Transformer monitoring via the wireless

network using smart transformers or gas

sensors mounted near conventional

transformers

Mobile workforce applications enabled

by connecting field workers’ laptops,

tablets and handhelds to the

substation’s wireless network

Security applications can use the

wireless network to support video

surveillance cameras and intrusion

sensors

Substation wireless enables applications beyond automation


Substation physical security

Industry context

Substations and critical utility infrastructure are targets of physical security attacks –trespassing, vandalism, theft, sabotage

In past three years, dozens of reported attacks on substations and critical utility infrastructure in the U.S.

All posed dangers to life, property and grid operation

Consequences of most limited but some serious incidents

In one, an intruder shot at a security guard

In another, sabotage took substation out of service for almost a month

Yet another resulted in a power outage to 10,000 customers

Enormous potential for destruction – FERC study concluded that knocking out nine high voltage transmission substations could cause coast-to-coast blackout lasting weeks

In a recent WIRED article, researchers reported that physically breaching a substation is an easy way to launch a cyber-attack


Physical security application examples


IP Talkback

Perimeter monitoring

Hard hat detection Man down

Security

Fire & explosion

Broadband wireless communication networks

Physical security cannot be solved solely using fences, walls, locks, security guards and hardened equipment

Electronic security is a key component to physical security solutions

Provides greater, around-the-clock coverage

Removes the human element

Evidentiary record for prosecution and deterrence

Robust performance networks required to provide security data including surveillance video, alarm messages, etc.

Video requires high bandwidth, 1Mbps or greater to each camera

Remote access to video and electronic security data decreases response time

Mobile access improves situational awareness

Often overlooked foundation for physical security


Leased line replacement

Many utilities are replacing leased lines

Carriers raising leased line pricing


$-

$50

$100

$150

$200

$250

$300

$350

$400

$450

2013 2014 2015 2016 (fcst)

Monthly Charge perLeased Line

Percentage of

Respondents

YoY Increase in Monthly

Recurring Charges

67% 0%

32% 5% - 9%

1% 10% - 35%

Source: West Monroe Partners

Source: ABB IOU customer

Converted from analog

to digital circuits

Many utilities are replacing leased lines

Carriers discontinuing leased line service


[M]ajor carriers…are now starting to talk openly about 2020 as the year of death for the PSTN. [P]reviously inexpensive, reliable circuits will no longer be available or supported by major telecommunications carriers like AT&T and Verizon.

– West Monroe Partners

Carriers also planning to discontinue their leased line replacement technologies!

The alternative to the POTS lines is to convert them to more

expensive and larger T1 circuits or Multiprotocol Label

Switching (MPLS) circuits over bonded T1s. However…AT&T

states that in addition to the POTS lines, they will withdraw

all non-Ethernet private lines, which include DS0s, T1s,

DS3s, on up to OC48s. This means that utilities upgrading to

T1 or greater copper circuits will have less than five years to

find yet another, more expensive solution.

– West Monroe Partners


Telcos controlling utility communications

Pricing

Set rate schedule based on telco’s needs

Subject to change based on demand of other users

Reliability

Fixed line scheduled downtime set by telco

Outage response based on number of users impacted

Wireless connections operate at <99.9% reliability

Technology lifecycle

Transport technology changes set by telco’s core customer base

Technology upgrades require utilities to buy new CPEs

Too much dependency on an arms-length provider


Reduced O&M costs

Major reduction to O&M costs paid to telcos

Eliminate O&M cost increases dictated by telcos over time

Capital project

One-time capital project to deploy a modern communications systems

Ten to 15 year estimated equipment lifetime

Software upgradeable to keep system modern

Private network engineered to meet utility needs

Communications system designed to the requirements of the utility including reliability, bandwidth, security, etc.

Reliability

System designed to meet reliability needs of utility

Scheduled maintenance managed by utility

Security policies under control of the utility

Private wireless networks to replace leased lines

Utilities control their communication systems


TropOS mesh routersBest reliability and performance for high endpoint density


ArcheOS licensed sub-1 GHz PTMP

Long range in areas with obstructions or high noise


TeleOS unlicensed sub-1 GHz PTMP

Long range in isolated or low noise areas

Summary

ABB Wireless

Secure networks combining wireless technology with IP security

standards to provide security to the edge of the network

High performance broadband wireless networks to meet the increasing

bandwidth demands of applications and IEDs for the next 10 years and

beyond

High reliability wireless networks with automated interference

avoidance

Cost-effective multi-application networks using unlicensed spectrum

with an option to use licensed spectrum when needed

Modern wireless communication systems for utility customers


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