This Sacred SoilThis Sacred Soil&&

I Will Fight No More I Will Fight No More ForeverForever

By: Alyssa AtanacioBy: Alyssa Atanacio

Javier EthridgeJavier Ethridge

Alex NeponAlex Nepon

PART IPART I

This Sacred SoilThis Sacred Soil

By By

Chief SeattleChief Seattle

This Sacred SoilThis Sacred Soil In the speech, Chief Seattle gives the US consent to In the speech, Chief Seattle gives the US consent to

takes the tribe’s land in exchange for a small takes the tribe’s land in exchange for a small reservation, along with a request to visit their dead reservation, along with a request to visit their dead whenever they would like.whenever they would like. It also compares and contrasts the white and Indian way of It also compares and contrasts the white and Indian way of

life, mainly focusing on religion.life, mainly focusing on religion. The speech depicts the lasting impression the Native The speech depicts the lasting impression the Native

American culture has on America itself.American culture has on America itself. This speech was given during the time when Native This speech was given during the time when Native

Americans were being confined and almost Americans were being confined and almost eliminated by the US, due to western expansion. eliminated by the US, due to western expansion. Therefore this speech shows the Native American Therefore this speech shows the Native American perception of the actions of white Americans. perception of the actions of white Americans.

Speaker (Chief Seattle)Speaker (Chief Seattle) Chief Seattle, Seath, was highly Chief Seattle, Seath, was highly

respected among the Native Americas respected among the Native Americas for leading the successful attacks of the for leading the successful attacks of the Puget Sound tribes.Puget Sound tribes.

He was the leader of the Suquamish and He was the leader of the Suquamish and Duwamish Native American tribes.Duwamish Native American tribes.

The original speech was given by Chief The original speech was given by Chief Seattle around 1854 in the Native Seattle around 1854 in the Native Lushootseed language.Lushootseed language.

The speech discusses the Indian The speech discusses the Indian confinement into reservations.confinement into reservations.

The speech was translated into English The speech was translated into English by Dr. Henry Smith. by Dr. Henry Smith.

PurposePurpose The speech Chief Seattle gave was to convince his people to The speech Chief Seattle gave was to convince his people to

listen to the Americans and move into reservations; however, listen to the Americans and move into reservations; however, they should have the right to visit burial places whenever they they should have the right to visit burial places whenever they please.please.

As a result of the speech Chief Seattle agreed to give the US As a result of the speech Chief Seattle agreed to give the US government two-million acres of the tribes land. government two-million acres of the tribes land.

In order to convince his people to move into the reservations, In order to convince his people to move into the reservations, Chief Seattle tells the Indians that the US’s “proposition seems Chief Seattle tells the Indians that the US’s “proposition seems fair” and that their days are numbered, meaning the Native fair” and that their days are numbered, meaning the Native Americans.Americans.

AudienceAudience

The speech was given during a treaty The speech was given during a treaty negotiations on Dec. 1854 in downtown negotiations on Dec. 1854 in downtown Seattle.Seattle.

It was given in front of Chief Seattle’s fellow It was given in front of Chief Seattle’s fellow tribes men along with Isaac Steven’s, the tribes men along with Isaac Steven’s, the governor and commissioner of Indian affairs in governor and commissioner of Indian affairs in Washington, and Dr. Henry Smith, who later Washington, and Dr. Henry Smith, who later translated the speech into English. translated the speech into English.

Audience (cont.)Audience (cont.)

The speech itself mainly applied to this The speech itself mainly applied to this audience which consisted of fellow Natives audience which consisted of fellow Natives along with Americans who wanted to take the along with Americans who wanted to take the tribe’s land.tribe’s land.

The speaker is talking to this audience because The speaker is talking to this audience because they are the ones that are either effected of they are the ones that are either effected of have control of the treaty. He tells the Natives have control of the treaty. He tells the Natives to give up their land to the US (The United to give up their land to the US (The United States is represented by Isaac Stevens).States is represented by Isaac Stevens).

Audience (Cont.)Audience (Cont.)

The Natives are able to relate to what Chief The Natives are able to relate to what Chief Seattle is saying more than the white Seattle is saying more than the white America’s attending the ceremony. Chief America’s attending the ceremony. Chief Seattle communicates the speech in his native Seattle communicates the speech in his native language of Lushootsead which is understood language of Lushootsead which is understood by the fellow Natives. by the fellow Natives.

MediumMedium

The speech was given verbally by Chief The speech was given verbally by Chief Seattle. Seattle.

This, in turn, leaves the authenticity of the speech to be This, in turn, leaves the authenticity of the speech to be questioned. Therefore the rhetoric used within the questioned. Therefore the rhetoric used within the speech may be different from what Chief Seattle speech may be different from what Chief Seattle actually said.actually said.

The contrast between Indian and American The contrast between Indian and American culture may be manipulated; however, Chief culture may be manipulated; however, Chief Seattle’s consent to give up the Native’s land Seattle’s consent to give up the Native’s land remains the same.remains the same.

Rhetorical DevisesRhetorical Devises

Metaphor—Metaphor— ““Your religion was written upon tables of stone by the iron finger Your religion was written upon tables of stone by the iron finger

of your God so you could not forget.”of your God so you could not forget.”

Simile--Simile-- ““My words are like the stars that never change”My words are like the stars that never change” ““The Red Man has never fled the approach of the White Man, as The Red Man has never fled the approach of the White Man, as

the morning mist flees before the morning sun.”the morning mist flees before the morning sun.”

Personification--Personification-- “ “ Yonder Sky that has wept tears of compassion upon my people Yonder Sky that has wept tears of compassion upon my people

for centuries untold and which to us appears changeless and for centuries untold and which to us appears changeless and eternal, may change.eternal, may change.

““Our bare feet are conscience of the sympathetic touch.”Our bare feet are conscience of the sympathetic touch.”

Rhetorical Devises (Cont.)Rhetorical Devises (Cont.)

Paradox--Paradox-- ““Then we will dwell apart in peace…”Then we will dwell apart in peace…”

Allusion--Allusion-- ““Your God…”Your God…” ““The Red Man…”The Red Man…”

Rhetorical QuestionRhetorical Question ““How then can we be brothers?”How then can we be brothers?” ““But why should I mourn over the untimely fate of my But why should I mourn over the untimely fate of my

people?”people?”

Rhetorical Devises (Cont.)Rhetorical Devises (Cont.)

AnaphoraAnaphora ““Every hillside, every valley, every plain and grove, has Every hillside, every valley, every plain and grove, has

been hallowed by some sad or happy event in days long been hallowed by some sad or happy event in days long vanished.”vanished.”

ParallelismParallelism “…“…when your children’s children think they are alone when your children’s children think they are alone

in the field, the store, the shop, upon the highway, or in in the field, the store, the shop, upon the highway, or in the silence of the pathless woods, they will not be alone.the silence of the pathless woods, they will not be alone.

RhetoricRhetoric Pathos—Pathos—

SorrowSorrow FinalityFinality

Ethos –Ethos – Chief Seattle is the chief of the tribe being spoken Chief Seattle is the chief of the tribe being spoken

to. He has authority over the decisions made and to. He has authority over the decisions made and the future of his tribesmen.the future of his tribesmen.

Logos –Logos – Mythos—Mythos—

Part IIPart II

““I will Fight No More Forever”I will Fight No More Forever”

ByBy

Chief JosephChief Joseph

I Will Fight No More ForeverI Will Fight No More Forever

• In Chief Joseph's speech, "I will fight no more In Chief Joseph's speech, "I will fight no more forever" Chief Joseph speaks of the losses forever" Chief Joseph speaks of the losses that the Nez Perce have faced through that the Nez Perce have faced through opposing the United States. Casualties opposing the United States. Casualties including the many chiefs of their nation. He including the many chiefs of their nation. He speaks of his children, not necessarily bound speaks of his children, not necessarily bound to him by blood, who have been lost and who to him by blood, who have been lost and who at that moment perhaps were freezing to at that moment perhaps were freezing to death. With no food, no blankets, and no death. With no food, no blankets, and no hope Chief Joseph surrenders.hope Chief Joseph surrenders.

Speaker (Chief Joseph)Speaker (Chief Joseph)• The speaker is Chief Joseph of the The speaker is Chief Joseph of the

Nez Perce tribe.Nez Perce tribe.• He is an influential and powerful He is an influential and powerful

member of the Native American member of the Native American tribes as a wholetribes as a whole

• His surrender would be considered His surrender would be considered a significant event in the United a significant event in the United State’s push into Western Territory.State’s push into Western Territory.

• During the time he gave the During the time he gave the speech, the United States was speech, the United States was expanding to the west and expanding to the west and confining Indians into reservationsconfining Indians into reservations. . At this particular point the Nez At this particular point the Nez Perce were fleeing to Canada and Perce were fleeing to Canada and had met up with the US Military on had met up with the US Military on occasions while making the journey occasions while making the journey north. This fatigue Chief Joseph north. This fatigue Chief Joseph feals is seen in the way he explains feals is seen in the way he explains his hardshipshis hardships

PurposePurpose

• The purpose of Chief Joseph’s speech was a The purpose of Chief Joseph’s speech was a formal declaration of surrender, to tell the formal declaration of surrender, to tell the U.S. government that during a time where U.S. government that during a time where there numbers dwindle that this is not a there numbers dwindle that this is not a time for simple peace talks or drafts of time for simple peace talks or drafts of treaty between the 2 opposing sides. His treaty between the 2 opposing sides. His people as he speaks are freezing to death in people as he speaks are freezing to death in the harsh conditions of the season. the harsh conditions of the season.

Audience Audience

• The Audience is The United States Government. The Audience is The United States Government. • During the time period of westward expansion, near During the time period of westward expansion, near

the grounds of the battle (Idaho). He is speaking to the the grounds of the battle (Idaho). He is speaking to the US Government and to a certain extent other Native US Government and to a certain extent other Native American tribes who are involved in the conflict. They American tribes who are involved in the conflict. They are tired, hungry, freezing to death, and are ready to are tired, hungry, freezing to death, and are ready to lay their arms down. lay their arms down.

• To the native Americans, one would get out of this To the native Americans, one would get out of this surrender a huge loss of a tribe. The tribe itself always surrender a huge loss of a tribe. The tribe itself always opposed how they were being treated by the opposed how they were being treated by the Americans. Americans.

• To those in the U.S. Govt. they’d see this as another To those in the U.S. Govt. they’d see this as another step forward to meet their “Divine Right” (Manifest step forward to meet their “Divine Right” (Manifest Destiny).Destiny).

MediumMedium

• The speach is communicated The speach is communicated verballyand through it, its true verballyand through it, its true sincerity can be seen.sincerity can be seen.

• Speech addressing both the other Speech addressing both the other Native American Chiefs still Native American Chiefs still confronting the American forces as confronting the American forces as well as the current US Militarywell as the current US Military

Rhetorical QuestionsRhetorical Questions

• Parallelism-Parallelism-• ““Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me

before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting.”before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting.”

• Epistrophe-Epistrophe-• ““Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool Hool Shute is dead. The Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool Hool Shute is dead. The

old men are all dead. He who led on the young men is old men are all dead. He who led on the young men is dead”dead”

• Inversion- Inversion- • ““My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, My people, some of them, have run away to the hills,

and have no blankets, no food.” and have no blankets, no food.”

AppealsAppeals

• Pathos Pathos •UrgencyUrgency

•SorrowSorrow

• EthosEthos

• LogosLogos

• MythosMythos