Third Declension Nouns

Third Declension“i-stem” Nouns

How to tell the declension difference… Genitive Singular Ending…

1st Declension: -aepuella, puellae,f.- girl

2nd Declension: -īpuer, puerī,m.- boy bellum, bellī,n. - war

3rd Declension: -ĭsfrater,fratrĭs,m. – brother corpus, corporĭs,n. - body

Third Declension i-stems, Mas. or Fem.Category I: A) Nominative singular ending in –ēs or –is, and B) Nom. sing. has same number of syllables as Gen. sing.

hostis, hostis, m. - enemy [miles, militis,m. – soldier]

Category II: nominative singular ending in –ns or –rsmors, mortis, f. – death

Category III: A) monosyllabic Nominative singular, and B) base ends in two consonants:

nox, noctis, f. – night[rex, regis, m. – king]

[In case you care, many Category II words also are Category III words!]

Third Declension

Nom. frater sororGen. fratris sororisDat. fratri sororiAcc. fratrem sororemAbl. fratre sororeNom. fratres sororesGen. fratrum sororumDat. fratribus sororibusAcc. fratres sororesAbl. fratribus sororibus

ignisignisigniignemigne

M./F. i-stem

ignesignium*ignibusignesignibus

Third Declension Neuter

Nom. tempusGen. temporisDat. temporiAcc. tempusAbl. temporeNom. temporaGen. temporumDat. temporibusAcc. temporaAbl. temporibus

(neu.nom. repeatsinacc!)

(neu.nom. repeatsinacc!)

mare animalmaris animalismari animalimare animalmari* animali*maria* animalia*marium* animalium*maribus animalibusmaria* animalia*maribus animalibus

i-stem Neuters.

Third Declension i-stems,Neuter

Neuter nouns ending in –al or –e in the nominative(psssst: there are only two in the book, and here they are…)

mare, maris, n. - seaanimal, animalis, n. – animal

(psssst: there are only two in the book, that’s it for neuter i-stems, that’s all there are!)

Third Declension i-stemsSingular MasculineNom. ignisGen. ignisDat. igniAcc. ignemAbl. ignePl. Nom. ignesGen. ignium*Dat. ignibusAcc. ignesAbl. ignibus

Neutermaremarismarimaremari*maria*marium*maribusmaria*maribus

Feminineurbsurbisurbiurbemurbeurbesurbium*urbibusurbesurbibus

i-stems????• Anser,anseris, m. – goose• Beneficium,-ī, n. – kindness• Avis,avis, f. – bird• Casus,-ūs, m. – fall, accident• Fides,-ei, f. – faith, loyalty• Frons,frontis, f. – forehead• Fur,furis, m. – thief• Hortus,-ī,m. – garden• Ianua,-ae,f. – door• Ars,artis,f. – art, skill

Word Studyhostis,-is,m. v. inimicus,-i,m. as “enemy”

Marcus et Quintus sunt inimici.Marcus and Quintus are enemies.

(i.e., they don’t like each other, but neither is a traitor.)

Romani pugnabant contra hostes in Galliā.The Romans were fighting against enemies/the enemy in Gaul.

(i.e., each is trying to overthrow the other’s government.)

hostis,-is,m. = an enemy of the state, a public enemyinimicus,-i,m. = a personal enemy

Word Studyhostis = an enemy of the state or a public enemy

In English, “enemy” can be either a singular noun, or a collective noun.

You, Caesar, are my enemy.The enemy is the Taliban.

(The enemy are the Taliban.)In Latin, translate hostis in the singular as “an enemy”.

Es hostis patriae meae. = You are an enemy of my country.Brutus cum hoste laborabat. = Brutus was working with an enemy.In Latin, translate hostes in the plural as a collective, “the enemy”.

Non amamus hostes. = We do not like the enemy.Brutus in castris hostium erat. = Brutus was in the camp of the enemy.

Oh, Canada…Neutermaremarismarimaremari*

maria*marium*maribusmaria*maribus

A MARI USQUE AD MARE

Oh, Canada…Neutermaremarismarimaremari*

maria*marium*maribusmaria*maribus

A MARI USQUE AD MARE

Digby,Nova Scotia