Thinking in Systems
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Transcript of Thinking in Systems
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Thinking in Systems
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Systems Thinking
• The only way to fully understand why a complex problem occurs and persists is to understand the part in relation to the whole (O'Connor & McDermott, The Art of Systems Thinking: Essential Skills for Creativity and Problem-Solving)
• Traditional scientific approach = isolating small parts of the system
• Systems thinking = taking many interactions into account
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Systems thinking is needed for problems that are:
• Complex problems that involve helping many actors see the "big picture" and not just their part of it
• Recurring problems or those that have been made worse by past attempts to fix them
• Issues where an action affects (or is affected by) the environment surrounding the issue, either the natural environment or the competitive environment
• Problems whose solutions are not obvious
http://www.thinking.net/Systems_Thinking/Intro_to_ST/intro_to_st.html
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Example: Obesity
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FACTORSINTERNATIONAL
Development
Globalizationof
markets
SchoolFood &Activity
WORK/SCHOOL/
HOME
Infections
Labor
Worksite Food & Activity
LeisureActivity/Facilities
Agriculture/Gardens/
Local markets
COMMUNITYLOCALITY
Health Care
System
PublicSafety
PublicTransport
Manufactured/Imported
Food
Sanitation
NATIONAL/REGIONAL
Food & Nutrition
Urbanization
Education
Health O
SITY
PREVALEN
E
INDIVIDUAL
EnergyExpenditure
Modified from Ritenbaugh C, Kumanyika S, Morabia A, Jeffery R, Antipathies V. IOTF website 1999: http://www.iotf.org
POPULATION
%
OBESE
OR
UNDERWT
Social security
Media
Transport
Family &Home
NationalNationalperspectiveperspective
Media &Culture
Food intake :
Nutrient density
Media programs
& advertising
Societal policies and processes influencing the population prevalence of obesity
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Diane T. Finegood, Thomas D.N. Merth and Harry Rutter Implications of the Foresight Obesity System Map for Solutions to Childhood Obesity.. Obesity (2010) 18, S13–S16. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.426
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Systems Analysis Examples (Leischow et al. Am J Prev Med. 2008)
Concept Map
Social Network Analysis
System Dynamics Modeling
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Many Forms of System “Maps”
Food Security
Food Access:1Physical
2Financial 3Nutritional 4Cultural
Social Networks
Environmental Risk Factors
Mixed Income Housing
Demographic Risk Factors
Motivation to make healthy
choices
Attention on calorie
information
Evaluating calorie
information
Decision Processes
Food selection
Understanding calorie
information
Processing Capacity
Figure 1: Conceptual model for AIMS study: Adapted from Consumer information processing theory, Bettman (1979)
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http://www.policylink.org/site/c.lkIXLbMNJrE/b.8360755/k.4160/GETTING_EQUITY_ADVOCACY_RESULTS.htm?msource=newtool#
GETTING EQUITY ADVOCACY RESULTS (GEAR)
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Healthy People 2020
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Ecological Framework for Influences on What People Eat
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Today’s Work
1. List– Ways in which public health nutrition can help to
reach HP 2020 goals
2. Analyze one nutrition problem that is related to both healthy food access and HP goals.
• Draw a picture of the system that influences that problem.
• Indicate at least 4 potential places in the system where public health might make a difference.