Thesis (Chapters 1 to 6)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Tabloids, especially those written in the native tongue, have always been a

staple in every Filipino. It is sometimes called the “newspaper for the masses, or “pang

masa o maka-masang diyaryo.”

It has remained one of the major competitors of broadsheet newspapers in terms

of readership, mainly because of its affordability and style of presenting news and

information to the public. Though it does not compete with broadsheets in terms of

circulation, tabloid readership has undoubtedly captured the Filipino taste, and has

satisfied the mass’ thirst for information (Florendo et.al., 2002).

Thus, the term “tabloidization” was coined. The term initially referred to a size,

half of a newspaper. Later on, its definition evolved to a “style” identified by media critics

as that of tabloids: sensationalized, cheap, and a journalism flop. It was then that tabloid

was linked to pornography (S. Elizabeth Bird, in Changing Faces of Journalism, 2009).

Despite criticisms, tabloids held a formidable position in a class-stratified society.

It held more readers than broadsheets do. Hence, it can be said that more people prefer

tabloids’ “flop” writing style than broadsheets’ “formal and in-depth” analysis of news

stories (Gans, Changing Faces of Journalism, 2009).

People still seem to want to read newspapers as they ride on public transport vehicles, as they wait for appointments in

1

offices, as they sip coffee in coffee shops and in their homes, and in other places (Danesi, 2002).

The above study suggests that “perception” of a news story, may differ due to the

existence of some factors such as one’s social class, educational attainment and

religious orientation.

Another notable key is the relevance of a reader’s perception of the “reality”

presented by a news story to him. It may cause him to mobilize, or it may result to a

passive reaction instead. In effect, the reader will respond psychologically and

emotionally to the people and issues in news reports.

The emphasis on drama, emotional themes, powerful images, and strong personalities make the news a convenient medium for working out psychological tensions and social conflicts (Bennett, 2007).

Aside from the four components of communication, namely sender, message,

channel, and receiver, one of the most important additions to the basic communication

model is the ‘feedback’ of the receiver, which affects the whole cycle.

The media use feedback to gauge the effectiveness of their communication.

These sender-receiver transactions take its form in newspaper readers’ comments

section, and among television networks in the form of ratings.

It is through the collated audience’s attitude and perception towards a certain

medium or channel, that the media agencies can improve their manner of delivery and

style to suit the audience’s needs.

Statement of the Problem

2

This study aims to answer the question: What are the attitudes and perception of

Zone 21, Tondo, Manila residents towards tabloid news specifically front page banner

news stories?

Our study also attempts to answer the following sub-problems:

1. What are the demographic characteristics of the barangay?

a. Educational attainment

b. Age

c. Sex

d. Income levels

e. Civil Status

2. What is the tabloid readership of residents in the zone?

a. In terms of tabloid preferences

b. In terms of frequency of reading

3. What are the positive and negative responses of the residents residing in the

zone?

a. In terms of presentation of news in the front page banner news story.

b. In terms of the content of news in the front page banner news story.

4. Does the residents’ perception of front page banner news story in tabloids

affect their way of living?

5. Does the residents’ educational attainment affect their perception of front

page banner stories?

3

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to find out the attitudes and perception of Zone

21, Tondo, Manila residents towards tabloid news specifically front page banner news

stories.

Hypothesis of the study

Ho: Sample mean ≥ population mean.

The hypothesis means that readers have a positive perception on tabloid.

H1: Sample mean < population mean

The hypothesis means that readers have a negative perception on tabloid

Our study also aims to achieve the following:

1. To determine the demographic characteristics of the barangay.


b. Age

c. Sex

d. Income levels

e. Status

2. To know the tabloid readership of residents in the zone.



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3. To know the positive and negative response of the residents residing in the

zone.



4. To know whether the residents’ perception of front page banner news story in

tabloids affect their way of living.

5. To know whether residents’ educational attainment affect their perception of

front page banner stories.

To answer the sub-problem, the researchers have identified a hypothesis

statement:

Ho: There is no significant difference in the educational attainment in terms of

perception of Tagalog tabloids’ front-page banner news story.

H1: There is a significant difference in the educational attainment in terms of

perception of Tagalog tabloids’ front-page banner news story.

Significance of the Study

News is not just about people, it affects people. (Harris, et.al.,2000).

The result of this study proves to be beneficial for a number of reasons.

First, the study would provide relevant information for media practitioners

particularly those in the print media about the readership status of Tagalog tabloids. The

5

study would also reveal whether who among the population usually read Tagalog

tabloids and how frequent do they read them.

Through this study, the editors and publishers of Tagalog tabloids would learn

about the people’s views regarding their presentation of news particularly their front

page banner news stories whether they need to improve it or not. The study would be

useful to them (editors and publishers) since it is important for them not only to

communicate their news stories effectively but also to suit their audience’s preferences

in terms of their writing style and news presentation.

Second, as one of this study’s sub-problems, the researchers would want to find

out if educational attainment plays a role in the respondents’ manner of perceiving

banner news stories, especially those published in the front pages of Tagalog tabloids.

The researchers also want to determine whether up to what extent educational levels

affect the said perception of news stories, media literacy, and tabloid readership.

Lastly, the research findings also prove useful to future researchers who plan to

make a research regarding media’s effect on the public, specifically tabloids.

6

Definition of Terms

Educational attainment - the level of education acquired by a certain individual.

Perception - (Lindsay et. al., 1977) the process by which organisms interpret and

organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world.

Banner story - the biggest or most highlighted story in a news page. This story is

treated with greater importance and news value among other stories.

News - (Spencer, in Viduya, 2010) any event, idea, or opinion that is timely, that

interests or affects large number of persons in a community, and that is capable of

being understood by them.

Tabloid - a compact sized newspaper which is usually half the size of a broadsheet.

Broadsheet - the standard size of newspapers. It is double the size of a tabloid.

Sensationalism - (Stead, in Franklin, 2005) the use and presentation of content

designed to cause interest and excitement.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Local tabloids: a brief history

During the Post-Liberation Era, just after the 1986 EDSA Revolution, major

changes, advancements and developments took place in the field of Journalism in the

Philippines

The revival of the National Press Club and the Philippine Press Institute set

standards in the mass media.

Newspapers and periodicals have expanded in pages, sections, scope of

coverage, and circulations.

Crimes and sensitive issues such as death penalty, charter change, visiting

forces agreement have been the topic of every newspaper, issues which were ignored

during the reign of the crony press.

Research and academic organizations such as the Philippine Center for

Investigative Journalism and the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility, paved

the way for an improved relationship with the government and the press, and honed

journalists in the field. They have reduced corruption in the government by advocating

transparency among government officials and the responsibility of the press.

By 1998, there were 14 daily broadsheets and 19 tabloids published in Metro

Manila. Among large circulating broadsheets were Manila Bulletin (280 000 on

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weekdays and 300 000 on weekends) and the Philippine Daily Inquirer (260 000 on

weekdays and 280 000 on weekends).

The Abante and the People’s Journal were one of the leading tabloids with (417

600) and (382 000) circulation respectively. Out of the 408 provincial newspapers and

periodicals, 30 are printed daily, 292 are published weekly, and the rest are circulated

either monthly or quarterly.

By the onset of the millennium, 559 print publications, 475 broadsheets, 45

magazines, and 39 tabloids and comics have been very active; 22 percent are

published in the National Capital Region, 12 broadsheets, 17 tabloids, 32 magazines,

39 comics, and 5 Chinese newspapers (Philippine Media Fact Book, 2000).

The Philippine Daily Inquirer emerged on top with a daily circulation of 270 000,

followed by the Philippine Star with 255 000, and the Manila Bulletin, 250 000.

Tabloids have also been a hit among the public. Bulgar posted a daily circulation

of 448 450, which is followed by the People’s Journal, 382 200, and the People’s

Tonight, 365 811.

Other tabloids with their daily circulation are as follows: Remate, 310 000;

Abante, 260 000; Bandera, 253 523; Pilipino Star Ngayon, 250 200, People’s Bagong

Taliba, 210 000; Balita, 175 725; Tempo, 160 000; Abante Tonight, 150 000; Isyu, 126

835; Saksi Ngayon, 100 000; Remate Tonight, 90 000; Balita sa Hapon, 35 000; and

Sun Star Bulilit, 30 000.

9

The community press also remained a hit. It covered 43 dailies; 3 in Luzon, 19 in

the Visayas, and 21 in Mindanao. There are also 315 weeklies, 209 in Luzon, 30 in the

Visayas, and 76 in Mindanao.

Front-page banner news story

A front page banner news story is a news article that dominates the whole

newspaper make-up and content. Being the most important story of the day, it is the

story assessed by newspaper editors to have the highest news value, compared to

other stories of the day.

Tabloidization

The term “tabloidization” was coined in the 20th century, which meant a decline

in journalistic discourse (broadcast or print). The specific term also connoted the

changes in traditional news. It was in USA where the term was first used.

The term continually changes, as it faces evolution in print media.

Journalist S. Elizabeth Bird cited one of the major problems is that “tabloidization

is not a clearly defined term. She also identified three indices of tabloidization: content

or style, emphasis on the personal, and a greater use of visual images.

Tabloid style is usually distinguished from broadsheets because of its punchier

sentences, narrative rather than analytical, and always attempts to make longer stories

shorter.

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The second indicator is the emphasis of human quality or emotions in the story.

Examples of these indicators are stories about big crimes –usually earthquakes,

reported in such way that the story is focused on a particular individual.

The third indicator, according to Bird, is the tabloid’s rendering of visual images.

These pictures or sketches primarily draw the attention of readers.

Tabloid make-up

The dimensions of a tabloid is 10 ½ by 14 inches, which could vary depending on

the newspaper. Sometimes the size differs by up to two inches, often the size half of a

full-page broadsheet.

The front page of a newspaper catches the attention of the reader, because it is

the first thing readers will see. The front page is what makes the sales or profit of the

tabloid increase (Macale, 2006).

Unlike the broadsheet, which is organized and formal, the tabloid is like a collage

of information compressed in a page. It serves as a teaser of what is inside tabloid

stories.

The two kinds of tabloid make-ups (layout) are “poster” and “compact”. The

poster is a classic and widely-used format of a tabloid’s front page. It has a larger photo,

a banner headline and several other headlines. Compared to broadsheets, this kind of

layout doesn’t display the lead on the front page. Instead, it engages readers by

displaying photos, usually the subject of the story.

11

In effect, for the poster make-up to sell, layout artists must put great pictures and

an eye-catching headline in the front page.

Compact, on the other hand, is like a mini-broadsheet. It is an improved version

of poster layout with fewer stories, smaller photos, and smaller headlines. Compact,

from the word itself is “compressed”.

It seduces thru flashy fashion and vapid content: bold faced names, red carpet parties, socialite misadventure and the photogenic news design used to cover these tales. It feels cheap; and, for practitioners and press observers, that somehow feels wrong. (Michael Serrazio, in The Changing Faces of Journalism, 2009)

Part of every news page, headlines are also a vital part of the tabloid make-up. In

order for the newspaper to sell, it needs to have a “catchy” headline. Six words or less

must summarize the whole story. It must be accurate, fair, clear, precise, “punchy,”

thoughtful, inviting, relevant, urgent and readable. Headlines are like the mini version of

the lead. The reader must understand the story right away after he read it and buy that

newspaper to read the full-length story.

Most newspaper uses all capital letters to grasp more attention because it shouts

the message. Choosing what case must be used, is the problem of the copy editor

because it must fit the size of the paper they use.

The biggest stories are often the banner headlines. It is the largest headline in

the front page. It is also means that it is the most important story in that day, as defined

by editors.

Tabloid Readership

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In the study conducted by the Nielsen Media Research in 2006 which covered

respondents from Mega Manila, it clearly showed the facts and figures, that compact

sized tabloids are more preferred by Filipinos than those huge-paged national dailies.

Tabloids garnered 25% share of readership among other print publications, read

mostly by those belonging to the social class D, the lower class. On the other hand,

broadsheets garnered 12% share of readership and also read mostly by the social

classes C2 and D, the middle and lower classes respectively.

Both tabloids and broadsheets acquired 51.3% male readers and 48.7% female

readers. Most of tabloids and broadsheets readers belong to the age bracket 20-29

followed by the age group 30-39.

Bulgar ranked as the number one tabloid with 9.6% readership followed by

Abante with 4.4% and third is People's Journal with 2.7% readership. While in

broadsheets, Manila Bulletin is number one with 6.9% readership followed by Philippine

Daily Inquirer with 5.1% and Philippine Star with 2.9 %(2007 Media Factbook).

This only shows the fact that tabloids are more chosen and thus bought by

Filipino newspaper readers.

Perception

Perception is the process by which people interpret data initially perceived

through the five senses, which can be influenced by other external factors such as

physical and psychological factor.

13

External factors such as mood, wants, and needs, influences perception and

include subjectivity in the process of perception.

There are other selective processes that are taking place during the process of

perception, namely selective exposure, selective perception, selective attention and

selective retention.

Selective exposure suggests that persons have the tendency to only expose

themselves to a medium that is consistent with their attitude and beliefs. While selective

perception is the tendency for perception to be influenced by their wants, needs,

attitudes, and other psychological factors. Selective attention is the tendency for

individuals to pay attention to specific parts of a message that are consistent with their

attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. Individuals who have this tendency avoid those parts of a

message that go against strongly held attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. Lastly, selective

retention is the tendency for information recall to be influenced by wants, needs,

attitudes, and other psychological factors.

Role of Education in a Society

Defining the role of education in a society or community is not possible without

touching the dimensions of social stratification and social mobility.

The Philippines is an example of an open-stratified system or a class system.

Our society is composed of the upper class, upper-middle class, lower-middle class,

working class and lower class (Palispis, 2005).

14

Sociologists and anthropologists have identified power, wealth and prestige as

bases of social classes. Thus education constitutes one of the most important criteria in

social status.

Education is defined as a deliberate and structured training wherein the

transmission or acquiring of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values occur.

According to Palispis, there are basically three types of education – formal,

informal and non-formal education. Formal education is systematic in terms of its

hierarchical structures and chronological succession of grade levels, from primary to

secondary, and from secondary to university or college, or even vocational and

technical courses. Out of school education on other hand can also refer to either

informal or non-formal types.

In almost every society, the people’s level of education is a

factor that causes social mobility. Through one’s obtaining of

higher education, one can climb the social ladder (Palispis, 2005:

p. 121).

Sensationalism

Journalists should be good in presenting their stories in such a manner that it

would attract readers. They seek to write news stories that thrill, stimulate and move

their readers and at the same time inciting discussion and debate. (Wolstenhome in The

Complete Reporter, 2000).

15

Thus, newspaper writers and reporters thought of a way on how to make their

stories more interesting. They termed it ‘sensationalism’.

Claims of sensationalism, using and presenting of content that is designed to

cause interest or excitement, have been leveled at journalists at least the 1880’s.

Sensationalism has always been associated with tabloids (Franklin et.al.,2005:p.242).

Tabloid newspapers usually come up with stories which were branded as

sensationalized - crime, sex and celebrity. These crime stories and celebrity news are

always accompanied by heavy photographs. Stories about sex usually come in daily.

Sensationalism by its very nature exploits the unusual… Historians have long argued the definition of sensationalism in journalism. A consensus of the arguments includes an appeal to baser emotions – excitement, titillation, shock, astonishment, horror and so forth (Berry, 2008).

Functions of the Press

Journalists, whether in print or broadcast, play a vital role in the society

especially in a democratic nation like the Philippines. As watchdogs of the society, they

have the principal duty of telling the public about what is happening – the news.

The news serves mostly to inform, educate and mobilize the public so that the

public can make responsible decisions. Many writers believed that the mass media,

particularly the news, has powerful effects on people (Lule,2001 : p.35).

Another important role that the press plays is the setting of public agenda. As

McCombs and Shaw’s agenda-setting theory suggests - the media have always been

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successful in telling the public what to think about. The media provide an opportunity for

the exchange of views and opinions (Harcup, 2007: p.159).

The news media even provide entertainment to people. Humor columns, comic

strips, crossword puzzles, pictures and celebrity interviews entertain the people.

As watchdogs, the media has the responsibility of watching over the government

as well as providing people with information they need to participate in the democracy.

The media delivers practical and helpful information to people.

With the information they give to the public, journalists are always expected to

observe accuracy at all times.

Media Effects

Then, and perhaps only then, alas, can our press have an impact on Filipino morality, when it arrests the attention of evildoers, or stops erroneous judgment through warning, threat or ridicule.

This is the reason why tabloids might serve a purpose, why malicious columns, which fatten on the shattering of reputations by using half-truths to hurt people they do not like could have a cause for existing. (Santillan-Castrence, in Media and Society, 2007)

There are three evident effects that the media has on the society. These may be

psychological effects, stimulating effects, agenda-setting effects, trend-setting effects,

and framing effects (Willis, 2007).

Psychological effects include feelings of alienation, togetherness, sadness,

jubilation and fear, when confronted by a media’s portrayal of an event. This effect

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basically includes what is happening with the human mind, and how people perceive or

feel about the media.

Another identified effect is the stimulating effect. These are effects that can turn

our perceptions and feelings into actions. Such stimulations that come from the media

can be positive or negative reactions.

An example of a positive reaction is a public outpouring of support for an

individual, family, or entire country in a crisis. A good example of this was when typhoon

“Ondoy” struck the country in 2009.

While a negative response is characterized by violence in the media. Studies

show that such violence stimulates “real-life” violence among those people confronted

by particular media content.

Furthermore, political scientists Russell Nueman, Marion Just, and Ann Crigler,

described a “passive audience” that perceive the news.

The traditional view of the way citizens gain information from the media is

dominated by the imagery of a vegetative audience, passively absorbing media

influence (Bennett, 2007).

Previous studies also show that individuals actively select, filter, and personalize

the meanings they obtain from the news.

Doris Graber’s study, one of the pioneers on how people “tame the information

tide,” revealed that many personal factors affect a reader’s attention to news, such as

the influence of friends who provide updates on the news.

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Meanwhile, sociologist William Ganson’s study showed that people explore news

issues in often remarkable depth through everyday conversation, and at the same time,

applying various interpretations that were not contained in the stories they consumed.

People may pick up and evaluate news information in following ways:

1. Cueing –looking for cues or labels (example: left, right; Republican, Democratic,

hawk, dove, environmentalist, gun-lover, terrorist, etc.)

2. Bolstering-selecting bits of information that are offered to support positions

attached to a broad political cues and labels.

3. Weighing –using emotions in news reports to direct attention and learning.

4. Personalizing –filtering information into one’s believed and observed principles

(values, interests, lifestyle choices) that make up the individual’s personal life

experience.

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CHAPTER 3

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Theoretical Framework

The researchers used the Expectancy Value Theory as the framework of the

research.

The expectancy theory is a “formalized model about message strategies and

attitude, and behavior change” (Brooks, 1970) compelled by a medium (media) which

deliver fear appeal, explicit opinions, and most especially, the intensity of the language

used.

It suggests that using different linguistic variations (language, language intensity)

in persuasive messages to address a certain audience, describes the impact of the

message’s persuasiveness impact on the source, message, and receiver.

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Figure 1.1: The Conceptual Model of Language Expectancy Value Theory

In part, the study will tackle the respondents’ perception and comprehension of

news stories. The “Model of Text Comprehension” (Van Dijk&Kintsch, 1983) describes

the complete reading process, how the reader process what he reads and comprehends

the meaning of a text.

According to Van Dijk&Kintsch, a reader understands the text through the

“comprehension process.” The proponents also assume that readers make three mental

representations of the text which are the verbatim (word per word), semantic (meaning

of the text), and situational representation.

21

Figure 1.1: The Conceptual Model of Text Comprehension Theory

Conceptual Framework

The figure shown below describes the relationship of the variables of the study.

22

Negative PerceptionNegative Perception

FeedbackFeedback

Front PageBanner News Stories

Front PageBanner News Stories

EvaluationEvaluation

Produced Attitude

Produced Attitude

Produced Perception

Produced Perception

Positive PerceptionPositive Perception

Figure 2: Conceptual Framework of the Study

The researchers’ conceptual model suggests that the positive and negative

responses of the respondents which comprise the feedback –arise from the pre-

determined perception and attitude of the reader. Furthermore, the attitude and

perception also comes from the readers’ evaluation of a certain text or stimuli (front

page banner news stories).

The researchers paralleled dependent variables (attitude and perception), which

could only be obtained by evaluating the respondents evaluation

Thus, the main problem of the research (produced perception and attitude

towards tabloid news) can be gauged depending on their evaluation of the text and

images presented by front-page banner tabloid news.

23

CHAPTER 4

RESEARCH METHOD

Research Design

This study is purely quantitative in nature, which means that the only way to

prove this research is by computing and interpreting data through a statistical process.

Quantitative Research is used to gauge how many people feel, reflect or take

action in a particular manner. This kind of research has a tendency to include large

samples. This is used to congregate quantitative data, such as information dealing with

numbers.

Under quantitative research design, the researchers usually use a descriptive

survey method, where prearranged questionnaires are utilized in integrating mainly

questions with set of responses,

Sources of Data

The primary source of data came from the answers of the residents to the given

questionnaire. An initial survey was also done through personal interviews.

The questionnaire was self-administered and consisted of structured questions,

which the respondents have answered.

The questionnaire also distinguished the basic demographic characteristics of

the respondent.

24

Research Participants

The researchers conducted the study at Zone 21, Tondo, located in Manila,

Philippines. The researchers surveyed 150 tabloid readers as their target population,

within the age bracket of 18 years old and above.

Data Collection and Gathering Techniques

Much of the data that researchers used was obtained after the survey was

finished. Primary data such as the respondents’ demographic characteristics and

background were done before conducting the study.

To verify prospect respondents who met the specified characteristics set by the

researchers, filter questions were formulated. The researchers have inquired on

randomly-chosen households suggested by the chief of the barangay.

To validate the questionnaire, the researchers conducted a pilot test on

September 30, 2010 at Asturias Street, Sampaloc, Manila, participated by 15 tabloid

readers. Minor revisions were made upon the suggestion of the adviser.

Data collection proper was done on October 10, 2010 and November 27, 2010 at

Zone 21, Tondo, Manila. Self administered by the researchers, the questionnaire

consisted of five (5) demographic questions, one (1) frequency question, and mostly

attitude questions.

The data gathered were tallied accordingly, and was submitted to the group’s

statistician, Florence C. Navidad, R.N., R.M.T., M.Ed., for evaluation.

25

Population and Sampling Techniques

The researchers used the non-probability sampling because the samples are

selected by non-random method, and not everyone has the chance of inclusion.

The purposive sampling technique was also used for finite samples because the

researchers do not specifically know the number of residents who read Tagalog

tabloids. There was no random selection of cases from the population. The subjects

needed were selected from a certain purpose.

In addition, purposive sampling technique was used by the researchers to

determine the number of population to be surveyed. Purposive sampling technique is a

sampling technique that selects representatives of the population depending on the

purpose of the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

After gathering the data we used the mean to know the average of all the

persons who answered a certain question. The formula for getting the mean is:

Where:

= The mean or the average

= The sum or summation of all the elements

N= The number of elements

26

After getting the mean, we solved the standard deviation. It is a statistic that tells

how tight all the various examples are clustered around the mean in a set of data. This

helped the researchers prove the hypothesis of the problem. The formula in getting the

standard deviation is:

Where:

s= is the standard deviation

x= entire list of numbers


n= numbers there are in the list

Variance was also computed. It is the expected, or mean, value of the square of

the deviation of that variable from its expected value or mean. Thus, the variance is a

measure of the amount of variation within the values of that variable, taking account of

all possible values and their (probabilities or weightings (not just the extremes which

give the range). (Corty, 2007)

The formula for variance is:

Where:

= variance

x= entire list of numbers

27

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_deviation


n= numbers there are in the list

The study made use of inferential statistics to test the hypothesis of the

researchers. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) treatment was used to solve the

significance of the relationship between the variable ‘educational attainment’ and the

perception of the tabloid readers.

Due to the limited number of sample for this study, the researchers used a 0.05

level of significance for the statistical analysis of the data collected. This corresponds to

a 95% precision level that the sample population is a representative of a whole

population.

Data Analysis Techniques

The perception of the tabloid readers was computed through one tailed z-test. A

z-test or a standard test uses mean and the standard deviation. The primary purpose of

the test is to determine and describe the exact location of every score. (Gravetter and

Wallnau, 2009)

Another purpose of the z-score is to make the options or raw scores have a

meaning or value inputted into them. Another purpose is for the entire distribution to be

standardized.

The formula for z-test is:

z=

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Where:

= deviation score

The z-value indicates the number of standard deviation units of the sample from

population mean.

To solve the sub-problem, the researchers used the given formula to

determine the significance of the dependent variable “education” to the other variables

of the study (respondents who read tabloids, front-page banner stories).

P =

Where:

P= percentage of the respondents who answered a given choice

n= number of respondents who answered the given choice

N= sample size

Another way to analyze the data the researchers’ got is by using the single factor

analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is used to analyze the means of 3 or more groups

through their significant differences. (Blay, 2005).

The formula for ANOVA is:

H0: µ1 = µ2 = ... = µk

against

Ha: At least two of the µ’s are different

Where:

H0= The null hypothesis

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Ha= The alternative hypothesis

k= Population or treatment

µ= Population or treatment mean

Scope and Limitation

The study covered the attitudes and preferences of Zone 21, Tondo, Manila

residents towards tabloid news specifically front page banner news stories, by selected

respondents only. The respondents’ answers to the questionnaire became the base of

the study.

Persons who qualified for the study are of following characteristics:

1) a resident of Zone 21, Tondo, Manila,

2) a reader of Tagalog tabloids, and

3) within the age bracket of Filipinos who read tabloid, that is 18 years old and

above.

Due to the limited time and resource constraints, it is hard to generalize the data

gathered because it only covers one zone in Tondo. The findings will be useful to the

readers of the study.

30

CHAPTER 5

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF

DATA

This chapter shows the data obtained to address questions the research sought

to answer.

The data presented in this chapter were gathered through the use of survey

questionnaire fielded to 150 tabloid readers in Zone 21, Tondo, Manila.

This chapter also sought to analyze findings from the survey and interpret the

same in the light of the specific questions raised in this research.

Presentation and Analysis of Data

Question number 1 asks for the demographic characteristics of the barangay in

terms of age, sex, marital status, educational attainment, and income.

The study focused mainly on Filipino tabloid readers within the age bracket of 18

to 70 years old. Out of 150 respondents, 11 or 7.33% are 18-25 years old, 23 or 15.33%

are 26-30 years old, 14 or 9.33% are 31-35 years old, 14 or 9.33% are 36-40 years old,

17 or 11.33% are 40-45 years old, and 71 or 47.33% are 45 years old and above.

31

Most of Tabloid readers are more than 45 years old, and are already retired. The

residents of Zone 21, Tondo, Manila, read tabloids because they found tabloids

entertaining and they also wanted to be informed with current events. This finding just

proves that respondents believe that reading tabloid is essential to their everyday life.

Fig. 1.0 shows the age distribution of Filipino tabloid readers in Tondo, Manila.

Out of 150 respondents, 86 or 57.33% are male, and 64 or 42.67% are female.

32

Fig. 1. 2 shows the gender distribution of Filipino tabloid readers in Tondo, Manila.

Out of 150 respondents, 34 or 22.67% are single, 102 or 68% are married, 7 or

4.67% are separated, and 7 or 4.67% are widowed.

Most of the respondents who read Tagalog tabloids are married. And these

married respondents are housewives who are usually left at home managing the

household and therefore have the luxury of time to read tabloids.

33

Fig. 1. 3 shows the civil status Distribution of Filipino tabloid readers in Tondo, Manila.

The respondents’ educational attainment also varies, which the researchers

categorized into three: 1) those who finished or were not able to finish elementary level

and those who did not finish high school, 2) those who finished high school, those who

were not able to finish college, and those who finished vocational courses, 3) those who

finished college and those who pursued post-graduate studies.

Respondents included in the first bracket is comprised of 25 or 16.67% of the

entire population surveyed. Those belonging in the second bracket comprise 87 or 58%,

while those in the third bracket also comprise 38 or 25.33%.

Despite the differences of educational attainment, the data showed that one’s

level of educational attainment does not affect the perception of readers. Regardless of

34

their educational attainment, they still do not want to read negative news like crimes and

economic depression.

Fig. 1. 4 shows the distribution of educational attainment of respondents per bracket.

The respondents’ income were categorized into six: 1) those who are retired, not

earning, and those who earn lower than 5,000, 2) those who earn 5,000 up to 10,000, 3)

those who earn 11,000 up to 25,000, 4) those who earn 25,000 to 50,000, 5) those who

earn 50,000 up to 75,000, and 6) those who earn 75,000 and above.

The first bracket is comprised of 86 or 57.33%, while the second bracket is

comprised of 38 or 25.33%, third with 19 or 12.67%, and the fourth with 5 or 3.33%. The

fifth generated zero percent. Finally, the sixth bracket with 2 or 1.33%.

35

Although most of the respondents’ have a low income, they still patronize

tabloids. The respondents may not like the content of the newspapers but they still find

it useful for their everyday living.

Fig. 1. 5 shows the income level distribution of respondents per bracket.

Question number 2 asks the readership of Filipino tabloids.

Research findings show that out of 150 respondents, the top 5 mostly read

tabloids by the respondents are Abante/Abante Tonite with 30%, Bulgar with 22%, tied

at the third spot are Tiktik and Pilipino Star Ngayon with 9% and Remate with 5%.

36

Fig. 2.0 shows the top Filipino tabloid preferences of the respondents (in percent).

The distribution of patronized tabloids by the respondents is indicated in the

graph below.

37

Fig. 2.1

shows (in

percentage) the tabloid preferences of the respondents.

The researchers also found out that 85 or 56.67% of the respondents read

tabloid newspapers every day, 54 or 36% of the respondents read the tabloid few times

a week, and 10 or 6.67% of the respondents said that they only read the tabloid once a

month, and 1 or 0.67% of the respondents said he only read the tabloid once a year.

This only proves that they patronize the Tagalog tabloids. The residents proved

that they like the sensationalism in the news of the newspaper. They believe that

reading it everyday can help in their daily live and have an effect on them.

38

Fig. 2.2 shows the frequency (in percentage) of tabloid readership of the respondents.

The study shows in the survey that 79 or 52.67% of the respondents are able to

acquire or read Filipino tabloids by purchasing it. While 26 or 17.33% of them are only

borrowing a copy, and 27 or 18% of the respondents only reads along with those who

bought a copy, and 18 or 12% of them acquire it through subscription, complimentary

copy and through selling.

The income of the residents does not matter here because they acquire the

Tagalog tabloids by purchasing it.

39

Fig. 2.3 shows (in percentage) how the respondents acquire Filipino tabloids.

Furthermore, findings suggest that majority of the respondents read tabloid

because it is entertaining, with 59 or 39.33%. While 38 or 25.33% read tabloid because

they can easily understand the contents, 46 or 30.67% read because of other reasons

like for pastime, for lotto tips, and to get news and information. On the other hand, 7 or

4.67% read tabloid because it is cheap.

Most of the residents find the Tagalog tabloids entertaining. Mostly because of

the sports and celebrity news but it could also be because of the sensationalism of the

news by the tabloids. This means that the readers, even disliking the content would still

want to patronize it because of the information they get from the news stories.

Fig. 2.4 shows the reasons of respondents (in percentage) on reading tabloids.

40

One hundred twenty-nine respondents (129) or 86% said they immediately read

the front page banner news story, while only twenty-one (21) or 14% of the respondents

said they do not read them at first sight.

For the readers, they believe that reading the front page banner news story

immediately is important for them to find out what is the latest news. They also read it

immediately because it gives them additional information.

Fig. 2.5 shows readers’ response (in percentage) on whether or not they immediately read

frontpage banner news stories.

Lastly, 129 or 86% of the respondents said that they will continue patronizing

Filipino tabloids, 15 or 10% will still consider reading tabloids, but only sometimes; 5 or

41

3.33% will not consider reading tabloids anymore; and 1 or 0.67% of the respondents

has no opinion regarding the matter.

The readership of tabloids in Tondo is great because they will continue to read

Tagalog tabloids. The content of the stories for them must be changed because they do

not agree on what they read.

Fig. 2.6 shows the respondents’ tendency (in percentage) to continue patronizing Filipino

tabloids.

Question number 3 asks the positive and negative responses of the residents

residing in the barangays.

In terms of presentation:

Research findings show that in terms of presentation of news in the front page

banner news story, majority of the respondents, 105 or 70% are not in favor of tabloid’s

42

way of using informal words or terms. 19 or 12.67% said they are in favor, 18 or 12%

are sometimes in favor and sometimes not in favor; while 8 or 5.33% do not have an

opinion regarding the matter.

The differences in the educational attainment does not affect the perception of

the readers regarding this. They do not like to read the informal words or

sensationalized words but they still continue to patronize the newspapers of such.

Fig. 3.0 shows the respondents’ views (in percentage) on the informal use of language.

Seventy-two (72) or 48% of the respondents said they are not in favor of having

crime stories as front page banner news story of tabloids. On the other hand, 48 or 32%

are in favor, 26 or 17.33% are sometimes in favor, sometimes not in favor; while 4 or

2.67% have no opinion.

43

Same as shown above, the residents believe that the primary reason they read

the tabloid is for the entertainment factor. They also believe that it has an effect on them

that is why the read it. They say that it gives them additional information on the problem.

Though they do not like the content, they would still continue to patronize in reading it.

Fig. 3.1 shows (in percentage) the respondents’ views on using crime stories as headlines

in Filipino tabloids.

Moreover, 128 or 85% of the respondents said they easily understand the news

presented by tabloids, 15 or 10% said they sometimes understand, and sometimes do

not understand; 7 or 4.67% said they do not understand, while no one among the

respondents has no opinion.

44

Most of our respondents are high school graduates and undergraduate of

college, for them it is easy to understant the tabloids because of the use of our lingua

franca, Filipino. For them, it is more easier to understant the news in that language. The

jargons or informal words used is what they are used to or easier for them to

understand.

Fig. 3.2 shows (in percentage) the respondents’ views regarding their understanding of

tabloid news.

Seventy-five (75) or 50% of the respondents said that the tabloid’s manner of

delivering news is proper, 50 or 30.33% said that sometimes it is proper and sometimes

it is not; 20 or 13.33% said that it is not proper and 5 or 3.33% expressed no opinion.

45

For the residents, they do not like the informal words, negative news stories (i.e.

crime stories and economic depression) but it is still proper for them. The

sensationalized news presented by tabloids is what they believed is the proper way of

presenting the news.

Fig. 3.3 shows (in percentage) respondents’ views on tabloids’ manner of delivering news

stories.

In terms of content:

The researchers asked in the survey whether the respondents usually read good

or bad news in the headline story. Out of 150 respondents, 99 or 66% said that they

usually read bad news while 51 or 34% usually read good news.

46

The residents are used to reading bad news story that is whay they continue to

patronize it. For them, those news stories are important and part of our daily lives.

Fig. 3.4 shows the respondents’ perception of front page banner news stories of Filipino

tabloids.

Also, 103 or 68.67% of the respondents said that most of the time, stories about

crimes and economic depreciation appear in headlines of tabloids; 33 or 22% said that

only read negative news stories sometimes. While, 9 or 6% said that most of the time

they don’t read negative news stories and 5 or 3.33% expressed no opinion about the

matter.

This means that the residents who read tagalong tabloids say that the bad news

stories they read are mostly about crime and the economic depression of the country.

47

For them, this has an effect on them because it gives them additional information on

what is going on around them and on the country.

Fig. 3.5 shows (in percentage) respondents’ views regarding crime and economic

depreciation as headlines.

In addition, 117 or 78% said that they often read stories about the government

and the economy in tabloids headlines, 22 or 14.67% said that sometimes they read

stories about the government and the economy, and sometimes they do not read stories

about the government and the economy. While 11 or 7.33% said they do not read

stories about the government and the economy, and no one among the respondents

expressed their opinion.

48

Like the crime stories and economic depreciation stories, they also read a lot of

government stories. This is essential for them because they want to find out about what

the government officials they voted doing.

Fig. 3.6 shows (in percentage) the respondents’ views on making government and

economic stories as headlines in tabloids.

Lastly, 51 or 34% of the respondents said that the tabloids they read are

sometimes favoring the government, and sometimes not favoring it. Fifty or 33.33% said

the tabloids they read are not favoring the government, 43 or 28.67% said the tabloids

they read are favoring the government, and 6 or 4% expressed no opinion.

Finding out that the tabloids they are reading are sometimes favoring the news

means that the tabloids are sensationalizing the news stories on the government.

49

Fig. 3.7 shows (in percentage) the respondents’ views on Filipino tabloids’ tendency to

favor the government.

One hundred seventeen (117) or 78% said headline stories provide additional

information, 24 or 16% said that sometimes headline stories provide additional

information, and sometimes they do not; 6 or 4% said headline stories do not provide

additional information, and 3 or 2% expressed no opinion.

For them, the news stories provided by the Tagalog tabloids are important

because of the information they give. The crime stories, economic depreciation and

government-related stories provide additional information on what is going around them.

50

Fig. 4.1 shows (in percentage) respondents’ views regarding tabloid’s tendency to give

additional information.

On the other hand, seventy-one (71) or 47.33% of the respondents believe that

tabloid headline reports are not comprehensive. Forty-six (46) or 30.67% said that

sometimes the stories are comprehensive and sometimes they are not. Twenty-nine

(29) or 19.33% said that tabloid headline reports are comprehensive, while 4 or 2.67%

expressed no opinion.

Even though the front page banner news stories give them additional information,

they still believe that there are a lot of information they need to acquire to comprehend

the news more. For them, the information they read is incomplete.

51

Fig. 4.2 shows (in percentage) regarding respondents’ views on the comprehensiveness of

tabloid news stories.

Question number 4 gauges whether the residents’ perception of front page

banner news story in tabloids affect their way of living.

Research findings suggest that 88 or 58.67% of the respondents believe that

reading tabloid’s front page banner news stories directly affect their lives because it

provides information regarding current events; 30 or 20% believe that reading tabloid’s

front page banner news stories also directly affects their lives, because it causes them

to be more careful in dealing with others; 9 or 6% believe that reading tabloid’s front

page banner news stories does not directly affect their lives, because they do not

believe that stories in tabloid are true, and 14 or 9.33% believe that reading tabloid’s

front page banner news stories also does not directly affect their lives, because they do

not see any relevance in the content; while 9 or 6% cited other reasons.

52

Clearly, the residents who read tabloid believe that it has an effect on them

because it gives them the information they need. Even though the residents do not

comprehend the information in the news because it is incomplete, it already gives them

the information they need.

Fig. 4.0 shows (in percentage) the effects to respondents of reading tabloid front page banner

news stories.

Question Number 5 whether residents’ educational attainment affect their

perception of front page banner stories.

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are data collected and used for the statistical

treatment analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this test, the data were compared and

evaluated to determine whether the different educational attainment is a factor in the

perception of front page banner news stories. The computed f-ratio of the study is 0.10,

53

while the critical F is 3.20. After evaluation, the statistical treatment shows that the null

hypothesis is accepted.

Based on the computed data, there is no significant difference in the educational

attainment in terms of perception of front-page banner news story among Filipino tabloid

readers.

The F computed value of 0.10 is less than the F tabular value of 3.22 at 0.5 level

of significance with 2 and 42 degrees of freedom. Therefore, accept the null hypothesis

and reject the alternative hypothesis.

This shows that educational attainment does not affect the perception of the

readers. Data gathered show that is stays the same, despite of the different educational

attainment levels of the respondents.

COMPUTATION ON NUMBER 5

Table 1: Summary of the Pre-determined Values for Anova TestingGroups Count Sum Average VarianceColumn 1 16 51.85 3.240625 0.20580625Column 2 16 53.16 3.3225 0.13963333Column 3 16 50.89 3.180625 0.31431292

Table 2: Results of the Anova treatmentSource of Variation

SS Df MS F P-value F crit

Between Groups

0.16230417 2 0.08115208 0.37 0.69 3.20

Within Groups 9.8962875 45 0.2199175Total 10.0585197 47

54

General Question: What are the attitudes and perception of Zone 21, Tondo,

Manila residents towards tabloid news specifically front page banner news

stories?

Most importantly, the study aims to find out the perception of tabloid readers of

residents in Zone 21, Tondo, Manila. Survey data results suggest that the null

hypothesis should be accepted, and the alternative hypothesis should be rejected.

Therefore, the readers have a positive perception of readers towards news in Tagalog

tabloids.

COMPUTATION

Perception Oo Hindi Minsan Walang Opinyon

Total Population Mean

Q8 103 9 33 5 3.56Q9 19 105 18 8 2.32

Q10 48 72 26 4 2.79Q11 117 11 22 0 3.71Q12 43 50 51 6 2.87Q13 117 6 24 3 3.70Q14 29 71 46 4 2.67Q15 128 7 15 0 3.81Q16 75 20 50 5 3.30Q17 129 5 15 1 3.81

808 356 300 36 1500 3.25Percentage 107.7 47.5 40.0 4.8

The statistical treatment used was one-tailed z-test. In this test, the data were

evaluated to determine whether the respondents have a positive or negative perception

towards tabloid news.

55

The z computed value is 0.23. Whereas, 3.25 is the sample mean, 2.5 is the

population mean and 39.62 is the computed standard deviation. After evaluation, the

statistical treatment showed that there is a positive perception.

INTERPRETATION

An analysis of the findings in this study led the researchers to believe that there

is a positive perception of front-page banner news story among Filipino tabloid readers.

The computed f-ratio of the study is 0.10, while the critical F is 3.20. After

evaluation, the statistical treatment shows that the sample mean ≥ population mean.

Therefore, there is a positive perception on tabloid.

Despite sensationalized news common in tabloids, respondents still view tabloids

positively, and regard it as a source of additional information and for entertainment. And

therefore they will still continue patronizing them. Though only a minority of the

respondents dislikes the content and how it is presented, they still continue patronizing

the content.

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CHAPTER 6

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

The study aimed to determine the attitudes and perceptions towards Tagalog

tabloid news by Zone 21, Tondo, Manila residents.

Moreover the study intended to find out the following problems:

1. To determine the demographic characteristics of the barangay.


b. Age

c. Sex

d. Income levels

e. Status

2. To know the tabloid readership of residents in the zone.



3. To know the positive and negative response of the residents residing in the

zone.



57

4. To know whether the residents’ perception of front page banner news story in

tabloids affect their way of living.

5. To know whether residents’ educational attainment affect their perception of

front page banner stories.

The Summary of Findings

1. The researchers found that majority of the respondents (tabloid readers) in

Tondo are included in the bracket ‘high-school graduate and undergraduate in

college’. Most of the respondents who read Tagalog tabloid belong to the age

bracket of 45 and above, wherein most are male respondents. Most of the

respondents’ monthly income is P5,000 and below, and most are married.

2. Majority of the respondents prefer to read Abante/Abante Tonite. Most of the

respondents read Tagalog tabloids on a daily basis. Moreover, most of the

respondents said that their purpose of reading Tagalog tabloids is primarily

for entertainment.

3. A dominant number of respondents are not in favor of using informal words

(salitang balbal) or terms in the presentation of tabloid banner and news

stories. Furthermore, most of the respondents are not in favor of having crime

stories in the front page banner of Tagalog tabloids. Furthermore, out of the

150 respondents, majority say that they usually read negative or bad news on

the front page banner of tabloids. Lastly, most of the respondents said that

the tabloids they read are sometimes favoring the government, and

58

sometimes not favoring it. Compared to those who said that tabloid headline

reports are comprehensive, majority of the respondents believe that stories

are not comprehensive.

4. Findings also suggest that most respondents said that reading tabloid’s front

page banner news stories directly affect their lives because they provide

information regarding current events; while a significant number also believe

that reading tabloid’s front page banner news stories directly affects their

lives, because it causes them to be more careful in dealing with others.

5. Through the gathered data, findings say that educational attainment does not

affect the respondents’ perception of front page banner stories in tabloids.

Conclusions

Based on the study and analyses, the researchers have proven that the

respondents have a positive perception towards Tagalog tabloid news.

The results suggest that as a whole, the respondents trust the content and favor

the way tabloids present news stories. Despite a number of respondents who do not

favor the usage of informal words, they still believe that the news presented by tabloid is

informative.

The researchers infer that high tabloid readership in the area caused their

positive perception towards tabloid news. The respondents gathered were mostly adults

and avid tabloid readers.

The result of the study has contradicted the existing negative impressions on

Tagalog tabloids which often highlight sex and entertainment, and sensationalized news

59

instead of catering to the public interest. The respondents still perceived tabloid news as

proper.

Thus, at some point, tabloid writers and editors have used an effective and

unique style of writing and presenting news which became popular. Even if yellow

journalism or sensationalism is criticized by communication scholars, it is proved to be a

successful communication tool especially to the masses.

Moreover, the researchers also found out that educational attainment does not

affect the perception of tabloid front page banner news stories across respondents of

different educational attainments. The perceptions of respondents towards tabloid news

do not vary so much.

The result again contradicts a commonly held belief that one’s educational

attainment affects his perception and comprehension of information given to him. For

instance, jobs like teaching and others require someone a higher degree of learning or

educational attainment because it is said that those who have acquired more knowledge

are more capable of comprehending and evaluating information.

Recommendations

Considering the results obtained by the researchers, they recommend the

following:

1. Through this study, the editors and publishers of Tagalog tabloids would learn

about the people’s view regarding their presentation of news particularly their

60

front page banner news stories. Hence, they can use it as a reference to improve

articles in the tabloid in terms of content and presentation.

2. Despite one of the major findings of this study that most tabloid readers are not in

favor of sensationalized news, tabloids are still enjoying so much goodwill

because its readers are still patronizing it primarily for two reasons, entertainment

and its being cheap. Having enjoyed this high readership, editors and publishers

of tabloids must take advantage on its readers by having a change of news

content, publishing more serious stories like consumer stories about the change

in prices of basic commodities instead of stories about crime and sex since

tabloid readers are mostly educated as what the findings say.

3. The reading public, specifically tabloid readers, may also find the research useful

in gauging the value of news stories presented to them almost every day.

4. Since the research surveyed mostly respondents aged 45 years old and above,

future researchers may want to consider exploring the impact of tabloid story

content to people who belong to this age bracket, gauged in terms of their

political and religious views. Using the purposive sampling may also be helpful

instead of using random sampling, since the research would require them a set

of respondents already with given type of qualities.

61

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APPENDIX

\

64

University of Santo Tomas

Department of Media Studies

Faculty of Arts and Letters

Kami po ay mga estudyante mula sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas. Nagsasagawa po kami ng survey na ito para sa aming thesis na pinamagatang: “Educational Attainment as a factor in

residents’ and local tabloid readers’ perception of front page banner stories”. Kayo po ay napili na sumagot ng survey na ito dahil sa inyong pagbabasa ng tabloid. Pakisagutan po ito nang naaayon sa nararamdaman ninyo tungkol sa bagay na tatalakayin. Wala pong maling sagot.

Ang inyong sagot ay gagamitin lamang sa pagaaral na ito at hindi maaring gamitin sa kung ano mang iba pang bagay. Umasa po kayo na lahat ng nakapaloob dito ay “confidential” at tanging

kami lamang ang makakabasa. Salamat po.

Pangalan (name): _____________________________________________________________

Lagyan lamang po ng tsek (√) ang linya bago ang sagot.

1. Edad (age)

___ 18-25 ____26-30 _____31-35 ____ 36-40 ____40-45 _____ 45 pataas

2. Kasarian

___ Lalake ___ Babae

3. Status

___ Single ___ Married ___ Hiwalay ___ Byudo/Byuda

65

4. Pinakamataas na grado na natapos (highest educational attainment)s

___ Elementary level (__) ____ High School level (__) ____ Vocational Courses

___ College Level (__) ____Post Graduate Studies

Iba: ______

5. Kinikita sa isang buwan (income level)

_____ Mababa pa sa 5,000 _____ 25,000 hanggang 50,000

_____ 5,000 hanggang 10,000 _____ 50,000 hanggang 75,000

_____ 11,000 hanggang 25,000 _____ 75,000 pataas

1. Gaano ka kadalas magbasa ng tabloid?

_____ Araw-Araw ______ Isang beses sa isang buwan

_____ Isang beses sa isang lingo ______ Isang beses sa isang taon

2. Paano ka nakakabasa o nakakakuha ng tabloid?

_____ Binibili _____ Nanghihiram

_____ Nakikibasa sa nagtitinda ____ Iba: _____________________

3. Bakit ka nagbabasa ng tabloid?

_____ Madaling maintindihan _____ Mura

_____ Nakakaaliw Basahin _____ Iba: ____________________

4. Anong tagalog tabloid ang madalas mong basahin?

_____ Abante/Abante Tonite _____ Bandera ____ Bulgar

_____ Hataw _____ Pilipino Star Ngayon ____ Remate

_____ Taliba _____ Tempo ____ Tiktik

_____ Toro _____ Iba: ____________________

5. Binabasa mo ba kaagad ang front page banner news story (headline sa unang pahina ng tagalog tabloid)?

____ Oo _____ Hindi

66

6. Ano ang kadalasan mong nababasa sa headline story ng binabasa mong tabloid?

____ Masamang Balita _____ Magandang Balita

7. Meron ba itong tuwirang epekto sa iyong pamumuhay?

____ Meron, dahil nakakapagbigay ito ng karagdagang impormasyon tungkol sa aking paligid.

____ Meron, dahil mas nagiging maingat sa pakikitungo sa aking nakakasalamuha

____ Wala, dahil hindi ako naniniwalang totoo ang aking nababasang balita.

____ Wala, dahil hindi naman ganoon kahalaga ang mga binabalita sa tabloid.

____ Iba pang mga dahilan.

8. Kadalasan bang negatibo (hal. tungkol sa mga krimen atg pagbagsak ng ekonomiya ng bansa) ang nababasa mong balita sa headline ng tabloid na iyong binabasa?

____ Oo _____ HindI ____ Minsan ____ Walang Opinyon

9. Sa inyo pong palagay, dapat bang gumamit ng mga salitang balbal o impormal (hal. Kelot, niratrat, parak, tepok) sa headline ng front page ng tabloid at sa istorya nito?


10. Sang-ayon ka ba na ang mga istoryang tungkol sa isang krimen ang kadalasang nasa headline ng frontpage ng isang tabloid?


11. Madalas ka bang nakakapagbasa ng istorya ng headline ng tabloid na tungkol sa gobyerno or ekonomiya ng bansa?


12. Sa iyong palagay, may pinapanigan ba sa gobyerno ang tabloid na iyong binabasa?


13. Nakakapagbigay ba ng karagdagang impormasyon sa mga nangyayari sa bansa ang istorya sa headline ng tabloid?


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14. Sa inyong palagay, nasasagot ba ang lahat ng iyong katanungan tungkol sa balita na inilahad sa headline story ng tabloid?


15. Madali mo bang naiintindihan ang balita na inilalahad sa iyo sa tabloid?


16. Sa inyong palagay, tama ba ang paraan ng paglalahad ng mga balita sa tabloid?


17. Patuloy mo pa rin bang tatangkilikin ang pagbabasa ng tabloid?


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Thesis (Chapters 1 to 6)

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Transcript of Thesis (Chapters 1 to 6)