Thesis

1
The formulated herbal (2G:5N) provided mean %P of 80.98 and a complete protection time (CPT) of 30 to 60 minutes. In all mean CPT, there is a significant difference between the negative control and the experimental group. While in mean %P, the negative control is significantly different to formulated herbal (2G:5N), commercial herbal (citronella), and commercial synthetic (7.5% DEET). Also, 2G:5N is not significantly different to commercial synthetic and commercial herbal. It implies that %P of 2G:5N is comparable to commercial synthetic and commercial herbal. CPT %P 0 20 40 60 80 100 Formulated herbal (2G:5N) Formulated herbal (2N:5G) Commercial synthetic (7.5% DEET) Commercial herbal (citronella) Negative CPT %P THE 4 TH PHARMACY RESEARCH CONGRESS 2015 One of the prevalent concerns in the tropical and subtropical areas is dengue transmission. The most vital precautionary measure has been focused on personal protection and control intervention. The use of repellent seems to be the fundamental method of personal protection against annoyance and infection. The study sought to formulate an herbal pump spray repellent that contains Ginger oil and Neem oil. The formulated herbal was evaluated by laboratory evaluation (arm-in-cage set-up) through which complete protection time (CPT) and percent protection (%P) were determined. The results showed that formulated herbal (2% Ginger:5% Neem) is an effective repellent and is more effective than formulated herbal (2% Neem:5% Ginger) in %P. The formulated herbal (2G:5N) provided a mean %P of 80.98 and a complete protection time (CPT) of 30 to 60 minutes. Analysis of variation exhibited among experimental, positive, and negative group was analyzed by conducting Friedman's Two-way ANOVA of the mean CPT and %P. Further data were analyzed by Pairwise comparison to compare the positive and negative control with the experimental group. In all mean CPT, there is a significant difference between the negative control and the experimental group. While in mean %P, the negative control is significantly different to formulated herbal (2G:5N), commercial herbal (citronella), and commercial synthetic (7.5% DEET). Also, %P of 2G:5N is not significantly different to commercial synthetic and herbal. It implies that 2G:5N is comparable to commercial synthetic and herbal. The study is commendable in providing evidence for the potential of oils contained in the formulated herbal in developing novel herbal repellents against mosquitoes. Key words Aedes aegypti, Formulation, Ginger, Mosquito, Neem, Repellent In the Philippines, mosquito-borne infection specifically dengue has been a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality that causes widespread concern in our times. Repellents are practical and economical means of preventing transmission of these infections to humans. Herbal repellents are extensively used because this is the only protection available from mosquito bites among poorer communities. The study have made considerable efforts to promote the use of herbal repellents. The study have conducted laboratory evaluation on the repellent activity of a formulated herbal. The dose of formulated herbal was assessed at predetermined concentrations—2% Ginger:5% Neem and 5% Ginger:2% Neem. Repellency testing was conducted wherein five test treatments—formulated herbal (2G:5N), formulated herbal (2N:5G), commercial herbal (HomeLife Citronella Twist Spray Lavander®), commercial synthetic (repellent lotion with 7.5% DEET), and negative control (formulated herbal without the oils)—were used against Ae. aegypti. The results identified in the study are helpful for the community who live in such places that are highly reported of dengue cases. They can use the formulated herbal as a precautionary measures in preventing outbreak or lowering the casualties of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. Evidence of repellency of the incorporated oils of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) was able to present by the research which makes it a source for developing novel herbal repellents against mosquitoes. Kenneth G. Dayrit 1,2,3,4 , Alexandra N. de Padua 1,2,3,4 , Niño V. Gomez 1,2,3,4 , Paula P. Gutierrez 1,2,3,4 , Nathalie C. Hulleza 1,2,3,4 , Maria M. Martinez 1,2,3,4 Christina G. Sabroso, RPh, MSPharm (Adviser) 1 Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, 2 College of Pharmacy, 3 Reseach Development and Innovation Center, 4 Our Lady of Fatima University The researchers were able to meet the main purpose of the study, which is to evaluate the formulated herbal as a potential mosquito repellent by looking for the significant differences among treatments. But there are still some areas that could be further improved on. The research design can be improved by making the laboratory evaluation in randomized, double-blinded, and crossover method. Future researchers are recommended to study on the minimum effective dose of the said oils. They can conduct other design for the evaluation such as field evaluation. It is also recommended to know if there is synergism of repellency of the two plant variables. The future researchers may also want to consider product development and reformulation specially in the aspects of stability-compatibility. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF OILS OF Azadirachta indica and Zingiber officinale IN FORMULATION WITH COMMERCIAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT AGAINST Aedes aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) The research was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a formulated herbal with Ginger oil and Neem oil as a potential mosquito repellent. Identification tests were performed including physicochemical characterization and instrumental assay. It was also supported by the FTIR result which shows the functional groups present in the Ginger oil and Neem oil. Both oils contains ketone/ ester/ carboxylic acid carbonyl stretch and aromatic ring which is their characteristic functional group of triterpenoids (Neem) and sesquiterpenes (Ginger). The repellency testing conducted by the researchers was laboratory evaluation (arm-in-cage set- up) wherein five treatments were used against Aedes aegypti. The results showed that formulated herbal (2G:5N) is an effective repellent and is more effective than formulated herbal (2N:5G) in %P.

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Thesis

Transcript of Thesis

  • The formulated herbal (2G:5N) provided mean %P of 80.98 and a

    complete protection time (CPT) of 30 to 60 minutes. In all mean CPT, there

    is a significant difference between the negative control and the experimental

    group. While in mean %P, the negative control is significantly different to

    formulated herbal (2G:5N), commercial herbal (citronella), and commercial

    synthetic (7.5% DEET). Also, 2G:5N is not significantly different to

    commercial synthetic and commercial herbal. It implies that %P of 2G:5N is

    comparable to commercial synthetic and commercial herbal.

    CPT

    %P

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    Formulated herbal(2G:5N) Formulated herbal

    (2N:5G) Commercial synthetic(7.5% DEET) Commercial herbal

    (citronella) Negative

    CPT

    %P

    THE 4TH PHARMACY RESEARCH CONGRESS 2015

    One of the prevalent concerns in the tropical and subtropical areas is dengue transmission. The most vital precautionary measure has been focused on

    personal protection and control intervention. The use of repellent seems to be the fundamental method of personal protection against annoyance and

    infection. The study sought to formulate an herbal pump spray repellent that contains Ginger oil and Neem oil. The formulated herbal was evaluated by

    laboratory evaluation (arm-in-cage set-up) through which complete protection time (CPT) and percent protection (%P) were determined. The results

    showed that formulated herbal (2% Ginger:5% Neem) is an effective repellent and is more effective than formulated herbal (2% Neem:5% Ginger) in %P.

    The formulated herbal (2G:5N) provided a mean %P of 80.98 and a complete protection time (CPT) of 30 to 60 minutes. Analysis of variation exhibited

    among experimental, positive, and negative group was analyzed by conducting Friedman's Two-way ANOVA of the mean CPT and %P. Further data

    were analyzed by Pairwise comparison to compare the positive and negative control with the experimental group. In all mean CPT, there is a significant

    difference between the negative control and the experimental group. While in mean %P, the negative control is significantly different to formulated herbal

    (2G:5N), commercial herbal (citronella), and commercial synthetic (7.5% DEET). Also, %P of 2G:5N is not significantly different to commercial synthetic

    and herbal. It implies that 2G:5N is comparable to commercial synthetic and herbal. The study is commendable in providing evidence for the potential of

    oils contained in the formulated herbal in developing novel herbal repellents against mosquitoes.

    Key words Aedes aegypti, Formulation, Ginger, Mosquito, Neem, Repellent

    In the Philippines, mosquito-borne infection specifically dengue has been

    a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality that causes widespread

    concern in our times. Repellents are practical and economical means of

    preventing transmission of these infections to humans. Herbal repellents are

    extensively used because this is the only protection available from mosquito

    bites among poorer communities.

    The study have made considerable efforts to promote the use of herbal

    repellents. The study have conducted laboratory evaluation on the repellent

    activity of a formulated herbal. The dose of formulated herbal was assessed

    at predetermined concentrations2% Ginger:5% Neem and

    5% Ginger:2% Neem. Repellency testing was conducted wherein five test

    treatmentsformulated herbal (2G:5N), formulated herbal (2N:5G),

    commercial herbal (HomeLife Citronella Twist Spray Lavander),

    commercial synthetic (repellent lotion with 7.5% DEET), and negative

    control (formulated herbal without the oils)were used against Ae. aegypti.

    The results identified in the study are helpful for the community who

    live in such places that are highly reported of dengue cases. They can use

    the formulated herbal as a precautionary measures in preventing

    outbreak or lowering the casualties of mosquito-borne pathogen

    transmission. Evidence of repellency of the incorporated oils of Neem

    (Azadirachta indica) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) was able to present by

    the research which makes it a source for developing novel herbal

    repellents against mosquitoes.

    Kenneth G. Dayrit1,2,3,4, Alexandra N. de Padua1,2,3,4, Nio V. Gomez1,2,3,4, Paula P. Gutierrez1,2,3,4, Nathalie C. Hulleza1,2,3,4, Maria M. Martinez1,2,3,4

    Christina G. Sabroso, RPh, MSPharm (Adviser) 1Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, 2College of Pharmacy, 3Reseach Development and Innovation Center, 4Our Lady of Fatima University

    The researchers were able to meet the main purpose of the study,

    which is to evaluate the formulated herbal as a potential mosquito

    repellent by looking for the significant differences among treatments. But

    there are still some areas that could be further improved on. The research

    design can be improved by making the laboratory evaluation in

    randomized, double-blinded, and crossover method. Future researchers

    are recommended to study on the minimum effective dose of the said oils.

    They can conduct other design for the evaluation such as field evaluation.

    It is also recommended to know if there is synergism of repellency of the

    two plant variables. The future researchers may also want to consider

    product development and reformulation specially in the aspects of

    stability-compatibility.

    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF OILS OF Azadirachta indica and Zingiber officinale IN FORMULATION

    WITH COMMERCIAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT AGAINST Aedes aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

    The research was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a formulated

    herbal with Ginger oil and Neem oil as a potential mosquito repellent.

    Identification tests were performed including physicochemical

    characterization and instrumental assay. It was also supported by the FTIR

    result which shows the functional groups present in the Ginger oil and

    Neem oil. Both oils contains ketone/ ester/ carboxylic acid carbonyl stretch

    and aromatic ring which is their characteristic functional group of

    triterpenoids (Neem) and sesquiterpenes (Ginger). The repellency testing

    conducted by the researchers was laboratory evaluation (arm-in-cage set-

    up) wherein five treatments were used against Aedes aegypti. The results

    showed that formulated herbal (2G:5N) is an effective repellent and is more

    effective than formulated herbal (2N:5G) in %P.