The formulated herbal (2G:5N) provided mean %P of 80.98 and a

complete protection time (CPT) of 30 to 60 minutes. In all mean CPT, there

is a significant difference between the negative control and the experimental

group. While in mean %P, the negative control is significantly different to

formulated herbal (2G:5N), commercial herbal (citronella), and commercial

synthetic (7.5% DEET). Also, 2G:5N is not significantly different to

commercial synthetic and commercial herbal. It implies that %P of 2G:5N is

comparable to commercial synthetic and commercial herbal.

CPT

%P

0

20

40

60

80

100

Formulated herbal(2G:5N) Formulated herbal

(2N:5G) Commercial synthetic(7.5% DEET) Commercial herbal

(citronella) Negative

CPT

%P

THE 4TH PHARMACY RESEARCH CONGRESS 2015

One of the prevalent concerns in the tropical and subtropical areas is dengue transmission. The most vital precautionary measure has been focused on

personal protection and control intervention. The use of repellent seems to be the fundamental method of personal protection against annoyance and

infection. The study sought to formulate an herbal pump spray repellent that contains Ginger oil and Neem oil. The formulated herbal was evaluated by

laboratory evaluation (arm-in-cage set-up) through which complete protection time (CPT) and percent protection (%P) were determined. The results

showed that formulated herbal (2% Ginger:5% Neem) is an effective repellent and is more effective than formulated herbal (2% Neem:5% Ginger) in %P.

The formulated herbal (2G:5N) provided a mean %P of 80.98 and a complete protection time (CPT) of 30 to 60 minutes. Analysis of variation exhibited

among experimental, positive, and negative group was analyzed by conducting Friedman's Two-way ANOVA of the mean CPT and %P. Further data

were analyzed by Pairwise comparison to compare the positive and negative control with the experimental group. In all mean CPT, there is a significant

difference between the negative control and the experimental group. While in mean %P, the negative control is significantly different to formulated herbal

(2G:5N), commercial herbal (citronella), and commercial synthetic (7.5% DEET). Also, %P of 2G:5N is not significantly different to commercial synthetic

and herbal. It implies that 2G:5N is comparable to commercial synthetic and herbal. The study is commendable in providing evidence for the potential of

oils contained in the formulated herbal in developing novel herbal repellents against mosquitoes.

Key words Aedes aegypti, Formulation, Ginger, Mosquito, Neem, Repellent

In the Philippines, mosquito-borne infection specifically dengue has been

a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality that causes widespread

concern in our times. Repellents are practical and economical means of

preventing transmission of these infections to humans. Herbal repellents are

extensively used because this is the only protection available from mosquito

bites among poorer communities.

The study have made considerable efforts to promote the use of herbal

repellents. The study have conducted laboratory evaluation on the repellent

activity of a formulated herbal. The dose of formulated herbal was assessed

at predetermined concentrations2% Ginger:5% Neem and

5% Ginger:2% Neem. Repellency testing was conducted wherein five test

treatmentsformulated herbal (2G:5N), formulated herbal (2N:5G),

commercial herbal (HomeLife Citronella Twist Spray Lavander),

commercial synthetic (repellent lotion with 7.5% DEET), and negative

control (formulated herbal without the oils)were used against Ae. aegypti.

The results identified in the study are helpful for the community who

live in such places that are highly reported of dengue cases. They can use

the formulated herbal as a precautionary measures in preventing

outbreak or lowering the casualties of mosquito-borne pathogen

transmission. Evidence of repellency of the incorporated oils of Neem

(Azadirachta indica) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) was able to present by

the research which makes it a source for developing novel herbal

repellents against mosquitoes.

Kenneth G. Dayrit1,2,3,4, Alexandra N. de Padua1,2,3,4, Nio V. Gomez1,2,3,4, Paula P. Gutierrez1,2,3,4, Nathalie C. Hulleza1,2,3,4, Maria M. Martinez1,2,3,4

Christina G. Sabroso, RPh, MSPharm (Adviser) 1Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy, 2College of Pharmacy, 3Reseach Development and Innovation Center, 4Our Lady of Fatima University

The researchers were able to meet the main purpose of the study,

which is to evaluate the formulated herbal as a potential mosquito

repellent by looking for the significant differences among treatments. But

there are still some areas that could be further improved on. The research

design can be improved by making the laboratory evaluation in

randomized, double-blinded, and crossover method. Future researchers

are recommended to study on the minimum effective dose of the said oils.

They can conduct other design for the evaluation such as field evaluation.

It is also recommended to know if there is synergism of repellency of the

two plant variables. The future researchers may also want to consider

product development and reformulation specially in the aspects of

stability-compatibility.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF OILS OF Azadirachta indica and Zingiber officinale IN FORMULATION

WITH COMMERCIAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT AGAINST Aedes aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

The research was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a formulated

herbal with Ginger oil and Neem oil as a potential mosquito repellent.

Identification tests were performed including physicochemical

characterization and instrumental assay. It was also supported by the FTIR

result which shows the functional groups present in the Ginger oil and

Neem oil. Both oils contains ketone/ ester/ carboxylic acid carbonyl stretch

and aromatic ring which is their characteristic functional group of

triterpenoids (Neem) and sesquiterpenes (Ginger). The repellency testing

conducted by the researchers was laboratory evaluation (arm-in-cage set-

up) wherein five treatments were used against Aedes aegypti. The results

showed that formulated herbal (2G:5N) is an effective repellent and is more

effective than formulated herbal (2N:5G) in %P.