There are 3,091 active sanitary landfills in the U.S. and over 10,000 old municipal landfills (rubbish pits).

There are 3,091 active sanitary landfills in the U.S. and over 10,000 old municipal landfills (rubbish pits).

RubbishRubbish PitPit vs. LandfillLandfill RubbishRubbish PitPit vs. LandfillLandfill

AnatomyAnatomy ofof a LandfillLandfillAnatomyAnatomy ofof a LandfillLandfill

ModernModern sanitarysanitary landfillslandfills areare carefullycarefully engineeredengineered structuresstructures designeddesigned toto isolateisolate garbagegarbage fromfrom nearbynearby waterwater, soilsoil, wildlifewildlife, andand peoplepeople.

ModernModern sanitarysanitary landfillslandfills areare carefullycarefully engineeredengineered structuresstructures designeddesigned toto isolateisolate garbagegarbage fromfrom nearbynearby waterwater, soilsoil, wildlifewildlife, andand peoplepeople.

HowHow isis a SanitarySanitary LandfillLandfill mademade?HowHow isis a SanitarySanitary LandfillLandfill mademade?

The cavities are dug out of the ground and then the walls are sealed with layers of clay and coated with plastic to prevent groundwater contamination from wastewater that accumulates.

The cavities are dug out of the ground and then the walls are sealed with layers of clay and coated with plastic to prevent groundwater contamination from wastewater that accumulates.

The LinerThe Liner

Note the overlapping seams!

Today's landfills are designed to stay dry inside, except for liquids that ooze from some garbage, and rainwater that trickles through. As water trickles through a landfill, it dissolves chemicals and other particles, creating a liquid called "leachate."

There are four critical elements in a secure landfill:• a bottom liner•a leachate collection system•A gas recovery system and a cover•the natural hydrogeologic setting

There are four critical elements in a secure landfill:• a bottom liner•a leachate collection system•A gas recovery system and a cover•the natural hydrogeologic setting

The natural setting can be selected to minimize the possibility of wastes escaping to groundwater beneath a landfill. The three other elements must be engineered. Each of these elements is critical Each of these elements is critical to success.to success.

CrossCross-SectionSection ofof a LandfillLandfillCrossCross-SectionSection ofof a LandfillLandfill

Cross-section of a sanitary landfillCross-section of a sanitary landfill

The state-of-the-art system, constructed at the bottom of the landfill, has a special double-liner to prevent leachate leakage. The contained leachate is run through pipes to above-ground storage tanks and hauled for treatment and disposal at a large regional wastewater treatment plant.

The state-of-the-art system, constructed at the bottom of the landfill, has a special double-liner to prevent leachate leakage. The contained leachate is run through pipes to above-ground storage tanks and hauled for treatment and disposal at a large regional wastewater treatment plant.

WhatWhat isis donedone withwith thethe LeachateLeachate?WhatWhat isis donedone withwith thethe LeachateLeachate?

LandfillLandfill StorageStorage & DrainageDrainageLandfillLandfill StorageStorage & DrainageDrainage

•detection meters between the liners which are monitored continuously•monitoring wells around the site which are sampled quarterly to test the groundwater quality

Even though there are 2 liners that overlap to keep leachate from leaking out there is always that slim chance. So to help protect the public, landfills are also designed with:

Landfills first existed as rubbish pits with NO protection from leachate getting into the groundwater. Next there came an improvement where a landfill had a clay liner. This afforded some protection, but not much. Now landfills are required to have both a clay and plastic liner plus a leachate collection system to protect the groundwater from possible contamination.

Groundwater ProtectionGroundwater Protection

The Capping of a FULL LandfillThe Capping of a FULL Landfill

Not really. Landfills are mostly anaerobic. Without the oxygen and water needed to break down organic materials, all garbage decays very slowly in a landfill. This means our garbage will probably be around for a very long time.

So...landfill garbage degrades, rightright?So...landfill garbage degrades, rightright?

40 Yr-old Newspaper found in Landfill40 Yr-old Newspaper found in Landfill

Even food does NOT degrade

AmountAmount ofof TrashTrash ThrownThrown inin LandfillsLandfills (byby weightweight)

AmountAmount ofof TrashTrash ThrownThrown inin LandfillsLandfills (byby weightweight)

PlasticsPlastics PlasticsPlastics Plastics can take between 200-400 years to degrade. Only 3% of it is currently recycled.

YardYard WasteWasteYardYard WasteWaste“Green Waste” (leaves, twigs, Christmas trees) can be shredded and used as mulch or composted.

PaperPaper & CardboardCardboardPaperPaper & CardboardCardboardNationwide, paper & cardboard account for 41 % of all municipal solid waste. Only about 34.5 % is recycled in the U.S. compared to 40% in Sweden and 50% in Japan.

MetalMetalMetalMetalRecycling aluminum reduces both air and water pollution by more than 95% due to less energy needed to mine & process it. Only 38% of cans are recycled.

GlassGlassGlassGlassGlass was one of the first to be recycled and continues to lead all others in % recycled. It is the easiest recycled material to use and is the most cost efficient.

FoodFood WasteWasteFoodFood WasteWaste15.8 million tons of food goes to waste in the U.S. every year. Vegetable & plant matter can be composted (NOT meat or fats) and used for mulch.

Top 10 Landfill Issues

1. Leakage through plastic membrane2. Water Contamination from leachate3. Air Emissions (methane & other gases)4. Remediation of old toxins in landfills5. Old municipal landfills contain hazardous waste6. Location of old landfills needing remediation close to large bodies of water7. Landfill cover usually is ash from incinerators, not dirt

8. Monitoring of closed landfills will not be kept up

9. Detection of old trash dumps

10. Who is liable when land changes hands?

WhatWhat willwill bebe YourYour futurefuture?WhatWhat willwill bebe YourYour futurefuture?