Theory SDLC

8/13/2019 Theory SDLC

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Load balancers are generally grouped into two categories: Layer 4 and Layer 7. Layer 4 loadbalancers act upon data found in network and transport layer protocols (IP, TCP, FTP, UDP). Layer 7load balancers distribute requests based upon data found in application layer protocols such asHTTP.Requests are received by both types of load balancers and they are distributed to a particular serverbased on a configured algorithm. Some industry standard algorithms are:

Round robin

Weighted round robin

Least connections

Least response time

Layer 7 load balancers can further distribute requests based on application specific data such asHTTP headers, cookies, or data within the application message itself, such as the value of a specificparameter.Load balancers ensure reliability and availability by monitoring the "health" of applications and only

sending requests to servers and applications that can respond in a timely manner.Web Server:Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ), serves the files that form Web pages to Web users (whosecomputers contain HTTP clients that forward their requests). Two leading Web servers are Apache ,the most widely-installed Web server, and Microsoft's Internet Information Server ( IIS ).The primaryfunction of a web server is to deliver web pages on the request to clients using the HypertextTransfer Protocol (HTTP). This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content thatmay be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and scripts.Application Server:An application server is a server program in a computer in a distributed network that provides thebusiness logic for an application program. The application server is frequently viewed as part of athree-tier application, consisting of a graphical user interface (GUI) server, an application (businesslogic) server, and a database and transaction server. More descriptively, it can be viewed as dividing

an application into:

A first-tier, front-end, Web browser-based graphical user interface, usually at a personal computer orworkstation

A middle-tier business logic application or set of applications, possibly on a local area network orintranet server

A third-tier, back-end, database and transaction server, sometimes on a mainframe or large server.

Common ones are Websphere,Weblogic,Jboss.

Database Server:Database server is the term used to refer to the back-end system of a database application usingclient/server architecture. The back-end, sometimes called a database server, performs tasks suchas data analysis, storage, data manipulation, archiving, and other non-user specific tasks.Common ones are Oracle,DB2,Mysql,Sybase.IT Designations:


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Project Manager:

Produce a progress report monthly

Review the risk register monthly

Weekly communication meetings with Team Principals

Review weekly progress reports of Team Principals

Approval of purchase order requisitions Approval of supplier invoices for payment

Weekly telephone updates to the sponsor

Induct new Team members into the project

Market the project internally

Produce a monthly project newsletter

Maintain a project blog

Overlooks the project with resource management, escalations and budgeting.

Architect:

Insystems design,the architects is responsible for:

Interfacing with theuser(s) andsponsor(s) and all otherstakeholdersin order to determine their

(evolving) needs.

Generating the highest level of system requirements, based on the user's needs and other

constraints such as cost and schedule.

Ensuring that this set of high level requirements isconsistent,complete,correct,andoperationally

defined.

Performingcost-benefit analysesto determine whether requirements are best met by

manual,software,orhardwarefunctions; making maximum use ofcommercial off-the-shelfor already

developedcomponents.

Developing partitioningalgorithms(and otherprocesses)toallocateall present and foreseeable

requirements into discrete partitions such that a minimum ofcommunicationsis needed among

partitions, and between the user and the system.

Partitioning large systems into (successive layers of)subsystemsand components each of which

can be handled by a singleengineerorteamof engineers or subordinate architect.

Interfacing with the design and implementation engineers and architects, so that any problems

arising during design or implementation can be resolved in accordance with the fundamental design

concepts, and user needs and constraints.

Ensuring that a maximallyrobust designis developed.

Generating a set ofacceptance testrequirements, together with thedesigners,test engineers,and

the user, which determine that all of the high level requirements have been met, especially for

thecomputer-human-interface. Generating products such assketches,models,an earlyuser guide,andprototypesto keep the

user and the engineers constantly up to date and in agreement on the system to be provided as it is

evolving.

Ensuring that all architectural products and products with architectural input are maintained in the

most current state and never allowed to become obsolete.

Developer:
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Application developers use programming languages and source code to create software that meets client

requirements. Developers may work with multiple programming languages and operating systems.

Requirements and duties vary for developers depending on employer or client needs.

Application development involves the process, life cycle and creation of the software aimed at helping users

complete a computer task or program. Developers work closely with computer analysts and engineers in using

languages such as Java, C++ or ORACLE to develop the necessary specifications for software. Developers may

also test, debug and improve generally faulty applications for clients.

Responsibilities vary for developers based on level of experience, type of application platform and employer.

Application developers often have the duty of creating, maintaining and implementing the source code that makes

up the application or program. Application developers may also be responsible for designing the prototype

application, indicate program unit structure, and coordinate application plans with the development team or client.

Database Administrator:

Adatabase administrator(short form DBA) is a person responsible for

theinstallation,configuration,upgrade,administration,monitoringandmaintenanceofdatabasesin an

organization.[1]

The role includes thedevelopmentanddesignof databasestrategies,system monitoringand improving

databaseperformanceandcapacity,andplanningfor future expansion requirements. They may also

plan,co-ordinateandimplementsecuritymeasures to safeguard the database.[2]

A database administrator's responsibilit ies can include the following tasks:

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Installingandupgradingthe database server and application tools

Allocating system storage andplanningfuture storage requirements for the database system

Modifying the database structure, as necessary, from information given byapplication developers

Enrollingusers and maintaining systemsecurity

Ensuring compliance with database vendorlicense agreement

Controlling andmonitoringuseraccess to the database

Monitoring andoptimizingthe performance of the database

Planning forbackupand recovery of database information

Maintainingarchiveddata

Backup|Backing up and restoring databases

Contacting databasevendorfortechnical support

Generating various reports by querying from database as per need.

Network Administrator:
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Under general direction designs, supports, maintains, and evaluates computer networking andtelecommunication systems; installs, configures, and maintains both physical and virtual computerservers; maintains employee network, e-mail and card key access accounts; performs other related dutiesas assigned.

Oversees the day-to-day operation of computer networks including hardware/software support, training,and special projects; plans, designs and implements data connectivity for local area network (LAN) andwide area network (WAN) systems; assists in coordinating special projects including network relatedwiring plans, LAN/WAN hardware/software purchases, and system installation, backup, maintenance andproblem solving; assists in providing network and remote connectivity hardware/software support;maintains LAN user documentation including hardware/software applications, support logs and otherrelated information; researches and recommends network and server hardware and software; assists ininstalling, designing, configuring, and maintaining system hardware and software; analyzes andtroubleshoots the network logs and tracks the nature and resolution of problems; monitors usage toensure security of data and access privileges; installs, supports and maintains both physical and virtualnetwork servers and appliances; installs, maintains, and troubleshoots the Storage Area Network (SAN);establishes and maintains user accounts, profiles, file sharing, access privileges and security; performs

daily server tape backups; researches, analyzes, monitors, troubleshoots and resolves server or datanetwork problems; develops, maintains and implements network support, and archiving procedures;researches and evaluates new technologies related to computer networking; assists in planning,coordinating and consulting with vendors and clients for hardware/software purchases, product servicesand support; recommends and specifies the purchase of related products and services; keeps currentregarding new hardware/software products for system enhancements; assists and provides support to theCoordinator, WAN/LAN, and other technology staff as requested including performing scheduled networktasks, updating anti-virus definition files, monitoring network servers, and providing internet and intranetuser support, and specialized training.QA Tester:Aquality assurance tester, or QA tester, is tasked with testing/analysis software and finding errors andbugs to report back to a development team. These software testers are a vital part of releasing stable,bug-free software.

A tester will be presented with a piece ofsoftware and certain testing/analysis criteria. They will evaluate,troubleshoot and test the software repeatedly in search of bugs and errors. These problems with thesoftware are then logged, prioritized and tracked by the programmers. Essentially, the QA testersimulates an end user and seeks out problems they may encounter.

Business Analysts:

What Is A BusinessAnalyst ?

A business analyst is an individual who works with the management of a company in order

to help them do a better job of organizing the company and making it as profitable as it

possibly can be. The business analyst will use a variety of methods to make this possible.

General Responsibilities of a Business Analyst

The business analyst has various general responsibilities concomitant to their job role. The

business analyst must review thedata of a company as well as their current work habits

and make suggestions for doing a more efficient job.Business analystsare also responsible

for training employees from time to time and developing standards and procedures for
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thework force to follow. At the end of theirtrainingsessions and analysis, they will provide

the company with a detailed report of how the company is doing and what it should be like

in the future.

Performance Engineer/Tester:

You only want to test business critical, high volume and performance risk transactions. Business critical transaction: These are transactions that will have an impact on the financial sideof the business. E.x checking out a product fromwalmart.com.It will loose business and hurt therevenue.High volume transactions: Any transaction that gets executed for a high number compared toother transactions. E.x Gmail you are sending lot of emails and receiving emails. So the volumecount is very high with multiple users. When that happens performance degrades. Performance Risk transaction: Any transaction that has a performance impact on the application.Like searching, saving, pulling reports. In short any transaction that takes longer than usual to getexecuted. Developers or database admin will provide these.

Performance engineeringwithinsystems engineering,encompasses the set of roles, skills, activities,

practices, tools, and deliverables applied at every phase of theSystems Development Life Cyclewhich

ensures that a solution will be designed, implemented, and operationally supported to meet the non-functional performance requirements defined for the solution.

It may be alternatively referred to assoftware performanceengineeringwithinsoftware engineering;

however since performance engineering encompasses more than just the software, the term performance

engineering is preferable. Adherence to the non-functional requirements is validated by monitoring the

production systems. This is part ofIT service management(see alsoITIL).

Performance engineering has become a separate discipline at a number of large corporations, with

tasking separate but parallel to Systems Engineering. It is pervasive, involving people from multiple

organizational units; but predominantly within theinformation technologyorganization.

Performance Engineering Objectives

Increasebusinessrevenue by ensuring the system can process transactions within the requisite

timeframe

Eliminate system failure requiring scrapping and writing off the system development effort due to

performance objective failure

Eliminate late system deployment due to performance issues

Eliminate avoidable system rework due to performance issues

Eliminate avoidable system tuning efforts

Avoid additional and unnecessary hardware acquisition costs

Reduce increased software maintenance costs due to performance problems in production

Reduce increased software maintenance costs due to software impacted by ad hoc performancefixes

Reduce additional operational overhead for handling system issues due to performance problems
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Theory SDLC

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