Theory of Change: Wandsworth
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THEORY OF CHANGE PLANNING SESSION
Brian Lamb OBE
@ WANDSWORTH ADVICE23 JULY 2014 WANDSWORTHADVICE.ORG.UK
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The Issue
Contrary to Marx’s famous critique that philosophers have
only sought to interpret the world not to change it –
advocates have too often sought to change the world without first
interpreting it.
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“A theory of change clearly expresses the relationships between actions and hoped for results, and could be described as a roadmap of the strategies and belief systems that make positive change in the lives of individuals and the community.”
THEORY OF CHANGE
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Logic Model
• Theory of Change models build from basic Logic Models. • Logic Models form the basis of most project management
programmes. • Logic models illustrate program components, and creating one
helps stakeholders clearly identify outcomes, inputs and activities.
• They are helpful for breaking down the basic components of a plan and are especially useful where there is a know relationship with an action and its consequence.
• They often follow a format similar to this;
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Logic Model
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Logic Model
Theory of Change
Social Theories
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Theory of Change and Planning • Theory of Change Models aim test why you select the activities
you do and links between this and the outcomes you expect. • They pose more clearly what the aim and underlying
assumptions of advocacy approaches are, their interrelationship to other parts of the political system and stakeholders.
• They are particularly helpful where there are multiple teams involved in the production and delivery of plans.
• They also help to deliver clarity about the respective roles of different teams in the process and provide a good basis for evaluation.
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Theory of Change• Theories of Change link outcomes and activities to explain HOW
and WHY a strategy leads to those changes. • It is therefore more complex and rich than logic models and more
suited to advocacy campaigns. • Advocacy campaigns are complex as they have to select from a
number of different potential strategies and make assumptions about why something changes.
• There are many different ways change can be attempted and a Theory of Change provides a process for testing out assumptions and deciding on what will be bring about the desired change.
• Advocacy is trying to align research evidence, with the appropriate campaign and advocacy interventions to achieve the influence to secure the change they need.
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What are the Theory of Change Steps?
1. Stating a clear aim-the final impact you need your advocacy to have;
2. Mapping activities to achieve your campaign aim-usually in reverse order the impact first;
3. Mapping Outcomes and how to get there – using ‘so that’ chains to ensure the links between activities and outcomes are understood and in place;
4. Understanding how social change happens and aligning that with your selected activities-Outcome mapping;
5. Ensuring that Capacity of the organisation to achieve change;
6. Agree outcome Measures and Assumptions.
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Definitions-what’s in a word? • Impact-the ultimate effect on the lives of those you seeking
change for• Strategies-the overall grouping of types of activities that you
judge will lead to the change you are seeking• Outcomes-significant changes that lead to the final impact and
a precondition of them • Outputs the specific results of work programmes designed to
achieve your outcomes• Activities-the work you do to achieve those outputs• Inputs the resources you deploy to be able to undertake the
activities to achieve the outputs
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Testing your theory of change • When you look at the total picture, do you believe that
the theory makes sense? • Do the stages make sense as the logical steps toward
the long-term outcome-can we give our world famous impression of what they look like?
• Can we be able to bring about the outcomes at the levels we have predicted?
• Is there anything going on in the real world that may make it difficult to get this theory off the ground the way we’ve planned it?
• What assumptions are you making about the world-your understanding of what needs to change?
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Testing your Theory of Change • Is this theory of change PLAUSIBLE? Have we
created a compelling story about the pathway of change that would lead to the long-term goal ?
• Is this theory of change FEASIBLE? Do we have the capacities and resources to implement the strategies that would be required to produce the outcomes?
• Is this theory MEASURABLE? Have we specified how success will be measured clearly enough that we can recognize progress? Are there indicators for each outcome in a way that a researcher or evaluator can use?
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WORKED EXAMPLES
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So that Chain
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Change LawChange Public
AttitudeChange Policy and PracticeS
trat
egie
sIn
puts
Out
puts
Out
com
es
Impa
ctState your strategies-the really key ways by
which you hope to bring about the change
you are seeking
Describe the outputs from that work you
expect to happen as a result.
State your final impact here-e.g changes to
people lives or the final changes you are
seeking
Theory of Change Mapping
Describe the outcomes from that work you expect to happen as a result.
Agree the measures of your Impact and
Outcomes
State your Activities-the specific work you
will undertake to implement the
strategies