The White Man Conquers the Land. What is the Scramble for Africa? The late 19 th century scramble...
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Transcript of The White Man Conquers the Land. What is the Scramble for Africa? The late 19 th century scramble...
![Page 1: The White Man Conquers the Land. What is the Scramble for Africa? The late 19 th century scramble for control over Africa by competing powers.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf741a28abf838c7fe15/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The White Man Conquers the Land
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What is the Scramble for
Africa?
• The late 19th century scramble for control over Africa by competing powers
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European Relations with Africa Before the Scramble
• Slave trade• Trade• Missionaries • Trading Post Colonies
- colonies set up along the coast for trading• Conquest states
- military forced villagers to give up goods• Informal empires
- military and diplomatic rule
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Why do you think the European Powers waited until the 19th century
to scramble to colonize Africa?
• Disease• Lack of knowledge of African terrain
and resources• Lack of technology
• So what changed this???
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Disease
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Disease• Before certain
breakthroughs in medicine, African explorers were plagued by disease and death, especially malaria
• Solution: Quinine
• Medicine used to prevent and treat malaria, became widespread in use in the 1850s
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Lack of knowledge of African terrain
and resources
![Page 8: The White Man Conquers the Land. What is the Scramble for Africa? The late 19 th century scramble for control over Africa by competing powers.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf741a28abf838c7fe15/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lack of knowledge of African terrain and resources
![Page 9: The White Man Conquers the Land. What is the Scramble for Africa? The late 19 th century scramble for control over Africa by competing powers.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bf741a28abf838c7fe15/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lack of knowledge of African terrain and resources
• Solution: European explorers, like David Livingstone, who helped to map out Africa and its resources
• Scottish missionary and explorer, • helped to open up Africa to other
Europeans with his great exploration of parts of the continent.
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Lack of Technology
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Lack of Technology
Solution: Expansion overseas pushed by industrialization, in the form of…
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1. Steam navigation
Before
After
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2. Railroads
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3. Telegraphs
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Berlin Conference of 1884-85• In 1884, fourteen ministers of European countries and
the United states met to decide some ground rules for exploiting Africa.
• But why?
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Disputes Over the Congo
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Leopold II
• King of Belgium
• In 1879-84, before the conference, secretly sent Henry Morton Stanley on “humanitarian efforts”
• By 1882, Stanley had obtained over 900,000 square miles by treaties
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France and Portugal
• While Stanley explored, a French marine also traveled the west basin of the Congo and put a flag up
• Portugal also had “rights” to the land due to past treaties
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After the Conference
Each country ruled its colonies differently
• Britain mainly ruled by indirect rule
• France mainly opted for creating French elites and spreading its ideals
• Portugal preferred direct, harsh rule
• Leopold II, who personally owned the Congo, is known to have ruled ruthlessly
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By 1914