Mr. ErmerWorld History AP

Miami Beach Senior High

THE WEST BETWEEN THE WARS

• Postwar art marked by pessimism, malaise, and disillusionment

• Earnest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, Erich Maria Remarque, Oswald Spangler

• Religious Uncertainty, belief in depravity of human beings, doubt in God

• Loss of faith in link between technology and progress• Women Suffrage• Revolution in thinking• Einstein’s Theory of Relativity—Heisenberg’s “The Uncertainty Principle”• Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis• Modernism• New forms of art and expression• Rejection of realism, concern over freedom of expression

THE LOST GENERATION

Modernist Architecture

• 1920s economy marked by “bull market” and consumerism• European economy rebounds from war by mid-1920s • United States economy booms due to lack of competition after war• Synthetic and recycled resources damage export economies• Stock Market Crash of 1929• Decrease in wages, less business activity, declining trade, and rising

unemployment• Rise of Economic Nationalism, self-reliance• Governments take action to help reboot economies• Economic Experimentation and Keynesian Economics• New Deal America• Communist Russia

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• Civil War in Russia leads to increased control by Bolsheviks• Bolshevik Party changes name to Russian Communist Party• Red Terror: Communist consolidate power through oppression• Nationalization of the economy via “War Communism”• War Communism replaced by “New Economic Plan”• 1924: Lenin dies, power struggle for his successor• Trotsky vs. Stalin—Stalin takes control of Communist Party, made

General Secretary• Stalin’s Five Year Plan for rapid industrialization,

collectivization of land• Stalin and the Purge

COMMUNISM

• Reaction against liberal democracy and socialism/communism• Emphasis militarism, chauvinism, and xenophobia, leaders hold

absolute authority• 1922: Fascist Benito Mussolini comes to power in Italy• 1914-1920: Mussolini’s Blackshirts fight against socialist movements• 1922: Creates one party system favoring land owners and businessmen

—corporatism • Nazi Germany• Hitler gains support of those who blame German struggles on young

German democracy• 1932: Hitler’s Nazi party becomes majority party in parliament,

Hitler=chancellor• Hitler consolidates power, creates racial state (“Third Reich”), forms Rome-

Berlin Axis

• Anti-Semitism and Eugenics

FASCISM