In Between The Wars
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Transcript of In Between The Wars
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In Between The Wars
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Bell Ringer• What were the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles?
1 minute
Discuss with your partner
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Treaty of Versailles• Germany:
– Lost territory– Took all blame– Demilitarized– Paid reparations
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The Weimar Republic
Germany Post WWI
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Germany• At the end of WWI, Germany was plagued by
various riots, strikes, and rebellions• Numerous groups were vying for power
– Communists – Social Democrats– Nazis (Hitler’s political debut)
• When Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated, Germany was declared a republic
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New German Republic• First order of business: to sign peace
treaty• Many Germans (including Hitler) saw
this as an act of treason• Still, elections took place and the
Reichstag (German parliament) was able to create a new constitution that was very democratic in nature
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Weimar Republic• This new, democratic government was
called the Weimar Republic• It would stay in power for 14 years
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Financial Hardship
• Germany was unable to pay the reparations
• By 1922, they defaulted on their payments
• Result = France & Belgium occupied the Ruhr region (industrial heartland) with intent to use the products as reparation
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Economic Disaster• Occupation led to economic disaster:
– Production decreased– Unemployment increased– Prices rose dramatically --> more money
printed --> hyperinflation
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HyperinflationYear Month Marks needed to buy one US
dollar
1919 April 12
1921 November 263
1922 July 493
December 7,000
1923 January 17,000
August 4,621,000
December 4,200,000,000,000
Source: www.historyhome.co.uk
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(More) Hard Times for the Germans
• Germans lost life savings• Workers paid with worthless money• Literally cost millions for groceries -
hunger riots
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Check for Understanding
Discuss with your partner the Weimar Republic’s status:
1. Politically
2. Economically
1 minute
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On the Brink of Chaos
• Economic hardships led to further political discord
• Things got worse when the WR resumed reparation payments
• Germans now furious with government and wanted something done…
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Hitler’s Plan
Hitler & Nazis plotted to:1. Kidnap Bavarian leaders
2. force them (at gunpoint) to accept Hitler as their new leader
3. Win over the Army
4. Declare national revolt
5. Overthrow democratic government
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From Beer Hall Putsch…
• Munich, Germany• November 8-9, 1923 -
8:30 pm• Hitler & posse stormed
beer hall = leaders freaked out
• “The National revolution has begun!”
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To Beer Hall Putz…
• Comedy of errors…• Result - Hitler arrested - charged with
treason • 5-week trial - guilty verdict• Sent to Landsberg Prison (where he
wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf)
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Did Hitler Really Lose?
• Ultimately, no (it helped him!)• Trial made him a national figure
– Platform to make his views known to those outside the Nazi party
– His defense gave him the opportunity to attack those he hated (Jews, communists, etc.)
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Hitler in a Lederhosen!
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Check for Understanding
What was the “Beer Hall Putsch?” How did it ultimately work in Hitler’s favor?
30 seconds
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Back on Track• New chancellor/foreign minister
(Stresemann - 1923-1929)• Introduced new currency that ended
hyperinflation• Negotiated reduction in reparations• This upswing gave way to great cultural
advances (Brecht, Weill, Dietrich, Einstein, etc.)
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Meanwhile…
In the US
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The Roaring 20s• Prosperity• Optimism• Liberal attitudes VS.
– Flappers– Speakeasies– Gangsters– Jazz
• Conservative attitudes– Prohibition– 18th Amendment– Red Scare
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Flappers
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The Bee’s Knees!
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Speakeasies
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Check for Understanding
Based on what you just learned, why do you think the US refers to this decade as “roaring”?
Discuss with partner
1 minute
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BUT…
• By 1929, things began to take a terrible turn…
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Economic Depression
a period during which business, employment, and stock-market values decline severely or remain at a very low level of activity
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STOCK
A piece of a company - the owners of a company sell “shares” of the company
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Dividend
An annual payment to a stockholder, like interest
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SPECULATE
To buy land/stock when the price is low and sell it when the price is high
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On Margin
Investors pay for only part of the purchase pricein cash - the rest is owed to a broker
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Margin Call
When the broker asks for repayment of the stock loan
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Check for Understanding
Using the new vocabulary, predict to your partner how the stock market crashed in 1929.
1 minute
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Black Tuesday
• Tuesday, October 29, 1929• Great stock market crash
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The Great Depression(1929-1941)
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Underlying Causes of the Great Depression
• Stock market crash did not cause the GD
• Main Causes:– Unstable Economy– Over-speculation– Government Policies
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Unemployment Lines
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The Ripple Effect
• At first, crash only affected those heavily invested in stock market
• It did not take long for a ripple effect to occur
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Impact on World
• International banking, manufacturing and trade made the world dependent upon the US
• US demanded France & Britain pay wartime debts while keeping taxes on imports high
• Created a situation in which the Allies had to rely on Germany’s reparations
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Collapse of Weimar Republic
• Great Depression– Financially crippled Germany
• Weak Government– President von Hindenberg
• Elderly• Too weak to fight Hitler• Tries to outsmart Hitler…backfires
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Closure
• List the circumstances that led to the collapse of the Weimar Republic
1 minute