The UniverseBY AMANDA MITCHELL

SCIENCE 9, MR HORTON

DUE FEBRUARY 25TH

Early space

People said that the universe never changes

They only had The instruments at an early stage back then, like the early telescope and other things

Astronomers formed theories to explain observations as best as they could with the equipment they had at the time.

Edwin Hubble

First astronomer to identify the milky way, also he had estimated that the distance between there to earth was 46 galaxies

He had also discovered that other galaxies like the milky way were moving farther from each other.

Hubble’s Proposal

He proposed that the universe was getting larger all over.

He also said that All the galaxies have taken a certain amount of time to reach the size they are and the location their in.

The Red Shift Analysis

Edwin Hubble used this to see that the galaxies were not only moving away from earth but also moving away at a speed that was proportional to their distance.

The light of the galaxies he was studying showed spectral lines that were distinctly shifted toward the red end, which is a red shift.

Electromagnetic Waves

Type of electromagnetic radiation

The radiation is carried in the form of waves

All wavelengths vary

In space the things that radiate various forms of energy like stars and galaxies radiate light waves, radio waves and x-rays

Spectral patterns

When light passes through a prism it creates colours of the rainbow

Each colour represents different wave lengths

Light from distant stars can be observed and collected by astronomers and separated into their own spectral patters

Using a spectroscope to act as a prism to separate light into basic component colours

Cosmological red shift

The light that leaves the galaxy travels a long distance before reaching the telescope of observations on earth

Spectral lines shifting towards the red end

Red shift happenes because the lights wavelengths become longer

Red shifting means that the object is moving farther from us

Early Big Bang Theory

Astronomers thought of tracing the paths of movement backwards

Using super computers, math and pure logic, they would study how and when these galaxies might all have been in the same place at the same time

The search for an explanation has been continuous for 80 years

Most Recent Theory Of The Big Bang Theory

Approximately 13.7 billion years ago

At the time, it was only a tiny volume of space rapidly expanding to a much larger size

Energy started forming shortly after that

This is first described by Georges Lemaitre in 1927

Although additional recent evidence to support the big bang theory is being discovered

Video on the big bang theory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46N9lat7Wq8#t=44

Georges Lemaître

Belgian priest and astronomer

Physics professor at a French section of the catholic university of Leuven

First known academic to propose the theory od an expanding universe.

He also proposed the big bang theory before it was called the big bang theory, he called it the hypothesis of the primeval atom or the cosmic egg

Cosmic Background Radiation

When two men(Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson) were monitoring microwave radiation in space. As they were doing so they would receive background noise or signal interfearence.

After thinking it was a problem with the equipment they went back and made several adjustment but no matter what they did they constantly had the noise.

This was concluded as Cosmic Background radiation

Radiation left over from the big bang expansion

Particles left over from the early universe

Bibliography 1

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46N9lat7Wq8#t=44

Bc science 9 text book 10.1/10.2

Georges Lemaitre: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre

Picture 1: http://www.celestronimages.com/details.php?image_id=3729\

Picture 2: http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=557311

Picture 3: http://edwinhubble.kimdir.com/

Picture 4: http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/space_level2/edwin_hubble.html

Picture 5: http://www.thebeaconsolarproject.org/big-bang-the-motion/

Picture 6: http://astrobites.org/2011/07/02/a-paradigm-shattering-discovery-from-the-high-redshift-universe/

Picture 7: http://www.faradayschools.com/ks4-the-red-shift/

Bibliography 2

Picture 8: http://www.fabpretty.com/nature/ozone-layer-and-us/

Picture 9: http://www.montalq.com/edit/spectral-doppler

Picture 10: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cosmological+redshift

Picture 11: http://therabexperience.blogspot.ca/2011/01/was-big-bang-gods-work.html

Picture 12: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/0/20932483

Picture 13: http://www.famousbelgians.net/lemaitre.htm

Picture 14: http://www.naomicayne.com/Georges%20LeMaitre.htm

Picture 15: http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/TeachRes/Ast162/CBR/index.html