The Transportation and Shared Use Solution
-
Upload
the-colorado-education-initiative -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
description
Transcript of The Transportation and Shared Use Solution
kp.org/communitybenefit
The Transportation and Shared Use Solution:
Strategies to reduce costs, decrease liability, improve academics, health and the environment.
Susan Motika, J.D., Sandra Hoyt Stenmark, M.D., and Taber Stark Ward
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together What is the Problem?
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Barriers to Walking-Photovoices
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Schools Located Across Highways or
Multi-Lane High Speed Roadways are
Hazardous for Pedestrians and Bicyclists
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Full Cost Analysis of Locating
Schools at the Edge of Towns
• Busing expenses
• Long term energy costs
• Road expansion
• Water utilities, sewage
• Fiber optics
• Fire and rescue services
• Environmental costs (air and water pollution)
• Economic impact on neighborhood
• Loss of agricultural land
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Walking and Bicycling to School
Falling, Obesity on the Rise
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together
7
Driving is a Risk Factor for Obesity
Increase in obesity risk per hour in a car: 6%
Walking and biking reduces obesity and diabetes
7
Driving is a risk factor for obesity
10%
14%
27%
18%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
First Quartile Second Quartile Third Quartile Fourth Quartile
Vehicle Miles Traveled
% o
bese (
BM
I>30)
Source: Lopez-Zetina, Health and Place, 2006
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together
8
Environmental Impact: Air Quality
• Traffic emissions have been linked to premature death, cardiac
symptoms, diminished lung function, lung cancer and asthma
• One-third of the population lives in areas where air pollution
levels exceed the U.S. EPA’s health based standards for air
quality
http://www.oar.noaa.gov/weather/t_understanding.html
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together
Rabinovitch, Am J Resp Crit Care Med
Vol 173 p1098-1105, 2006
Environmental Benefits: Hourly
Measures of Fine Particulate Levels
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together
>75% free/reduced lunch
Above 50% African American
Above 75% Hispanic
50-75% Hispanic
≥ 10% asthma prevalence
≥ 15% asthma prevalence
www.epa.gov/schoolair/basic.html
Asthma Prevalence
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Colorado Child Health Survey
2009
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
asthma prevalence
overweight prevalence
does not meet physical activityguidelines 5 days/week
walks to school 5 days/week
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together One Year Prevalence of Disorders
for Children 8-15 Years of Age
www.nimh.nih.gov/statistics/images/NHANES-OverallPrevalence-FINAL-
720.jpg
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Traffic Injuries
Motor vehicles are responsible for one of
every five deaths in children 1-14
National Center for Health Statistics
Child pedestrian injury more common if:
• high traffic volumes
• lower income
• younger age
Wazana, Inj Prev 1997;3:295-304
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together A Good Solution Solves Many
Problems Active transportation and shared use of
allows schools to achieve a quadruple
bottom line:
1.Academic benefits
2.Benefits to health
3.Environmental benefits
4.Community and parent engagement
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together TRAFFIC INJURIES
Studies of safe routes to school demonstrate a 50% decrease in child pedestrian & cyclist accidents
SAFE ROUTES TO SCHOOL 2009 POLICY REPORT
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Academic Benefits of Physical
Activity
• Improves academic achievement
(including grades and standardized
test scores).
• Impacts cognitive skills.
•Enhances concentration and
attention as well as improved
classroom behavior.
CDC:The association between school based physical activity, including physical
education, and academic performance. U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services; 2010.
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Physical Activity Improves Learning
•Neurotransmitter release improves:
alertness, attention, motivation &mood
•Nerve cells bind more efficiently to
one another
•New nerve cells developed from stem
cells in the hippocampus
•Increase in brain blood vessel growth
John Ratey, Spark: the Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the
Brain
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Physical Activity in Natural Environments
Systematic Review
Outdoor exercise brings more positive effects on
mental wellbeing than exercising indoors
Outdoor exercise associated with revitalization,
decreases in tension, confusion, anger, depression,
and increased energy
Coon JT et al. Environ Sci Technol 2011.
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Nature Reduces Childhood Stress
•Lower levels of stress in the child were noted with increased amount of exposure to natural environments
•The nature exposure effect was especially pronounced for children with the highest levels of stressful events
Wells NM & Evans GW. Environment and Behavior 2003;35:311-330.
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Natural Settings Reduced
Inattentive Symptoms
• Inability to stay focused on unappealing tasks
• Inability to complete tasks
• Inability to listen and follow directions
•Being easily distracted
Taylor AF et al. Environment and Behavior 2001;33:54-77.
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Benefits of Shared Use &
Community Centered Schools
•Efficient use of tax dollars with shared use of facilities
with community & school district: ball fields, gym,
library, theater, kitchen facilities, community garden,
vehicles
•School is connected to learning opportunities:
museums, local businesses, library, universities
•Parental and Community Engagement
www.epa.gov/schools/epaschoolsitingguidelines.pdf
www.nplanonline.org/products/liabilitysurvey
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Community and Parent Engagement
Who: Engaging a broad coalition of
stakeholders:
•“Hard to reach” parents and families
•Community members who do not have
children attending your school
How:
•New partnerships: city agencies, nonprofits,
businesses, law enforcement, neighborhood
associations, faith community groups
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Benefits of Community Use
• Schools across Colorado are already allowing
community members and other partners to use their
facilities and schools are using community resources.
• “Local control” principles allow school districts to
customize community use agreements to match local
needs:
• Recreation- playgrounds, gyms, and other facilities
• Kitchen facilities
• Vehicles- school buses and vans
• Many model policies and practices exist and can be
readily adapted to individual school district’s needs
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Legal Considerations
Crossing Guard Liability: CRS § 13-21-115.6 (2)
General Rule: Crossing guards are granted civil immunity from
tort claims so long they are acting within their scope of duties.
Crossing guards will not be protected if injury is caused by their
act of wanton and/or willful negligence.
School Liability in a “No Car” Zone:
General Rule: Generally, schools will be protected from
premises liability by the Colorado Governmental Immunity Act
(CGIA) and a school will not be liable for injuries occurring on
school grounds. However, if it is found that the school created
a “dangerous condition” that was reasonably foreseeable in its
planning and implementation of a “no car” zone, the school
could face premises liability.
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Collaborative Planning
Arapahoe County/ Cherry Creek Schools
•Joint planning – Cherry Creek School District
Planner with the Arapahoe County
•Connect City and County trails to schools by
locating schools adjacent to drainage corridors
•Shared use agreements: neighborhood parks and
schools share ball fields and recreation facilities
•Plan one elementary school in the center of a
square mile of homes –students do not cross busy
streets
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Collaborative Planning: Aurora
Subdivision Regulations
• Locate schools at the intersection of:
local & collector street for elementary schools
collector & arterial for middle & high schools
• Locate schools centrally for the population to be served
• All subdivisions shall include an interconnected system of
sidewalks and trails that directly connect to all uses
• Open spaces that are used as trail corridors should connect
with other trails whenever possible
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Coordinated Planning Aurora
Bicycle Pedestrian Master Plan
• Develop a bicycle pedestrian master plan
which emphasizes mobility, connectivity
and accessibility
• Develop with police a data base for
bicycle and pedestrian accidents
• Develop with public works a process to
address crosswalk timing to improve safety
• Use CDOT counters to record bicycle and
pedestrian trips
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Safe Routes in Action
•Provide safe walkways separate from vehicles
•Map safer routes by using walking and bicycle audits www.saferoutesinfo.org/guide/engineering/walking_and_bicycling_audits.cfm
• Inform department of public works of unsafe
intersections, lack of sidewalks or safe bicycle lanes
•Slow traffic in neighborhoods and near schools
• Inform police department if speed enforcement needed
•Enforce safe pick up and drop off procedures
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Safe Routes in Action
•At registration organize sign up for walking school
buses, bike trains and car pools
www3.drcog.org/RideArrangers/Page/schoolpool
•Designate remote drop offs for cars and bicycles
along safer routes
•Teach safe walking and bicycling practices to
students and parents
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Safe Routes- Loveland/Thompson
The City of Loveland Engineering Dept partners with Thompson
School District to promote and coordinate SRTS.
A central website includes:
• Safety Tips
• Maps
• Report a Safety Problem
• Request Speed Radar
• Resources
Winner of Tues average trips for 5 months
• BF Kitchen 69% non motorized trips
www.ci.loveland.co.us/publicworks/traffic/SafeRoutes.htm
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Safe Routes
Bear Creek Elementary- Boulder
• Increase of active transportation from 25% -70%
throughout the year
•36% reduction in traffic congestions
•Principal role modeled active transportations
•Classes participated in Tour de France
•Bike Lessons and Safety Training are taught in PE
•The City of Boulder’s Traffic Engineer & Bicycle
Pedestrian Coordinator address safety concern
www.saferoutesinfo.org/data-central/success-stories/boulder-
colorado-culture-shift-changing-habits-entire-families
kp.org/communitybenefit
WE BUILD A BRIGHTER FUTURE
together Funding for Safe Routes Projects
• Safe Routes to School Grants
www.coloradodot.info/programs/bikeped/safe-routes
Safe routes mini grant to obtain $1000.00 in funding
http://minigrants.saferoutesinfo.org/
• Transportation Improvement Plans
www.drcog.org/index.cfm?page=TransportationImprovementProgram(TIP)
• Community Development Block Grants
• Federal Transportation Enhancement Funds
• Fine based mechanisms (traffic fines in school zones)
• School Safety Grants
• CDOT Safety Grants
• Live Well Colorado