1.02-Understand the complexity of hospitality and tourism destinations.

The Tourism IndustryThe tourism industry consists of

businesses that organize and promote travel, such astravel agenciestour operatorscruise companiesmeeting and convention plannersconvention and visitors bureaustravel and tourism officestravel planners, who create travel packages

Tourism: The World’s Largest IndustryThe United Nations World Tourism

Organization (UNWTO) defines a tourist as someone who “travels to and stays in places outside the usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes”

Domestic tourists travel within their own country

International tourists travel to another country

Destination Marketing OrganizationsA destination marketing organization (DMO)

promotes the features of the destination to potential visitors in order to increase business

DMOs may coordinate local festivals, events, and sports tournaments

They may operate a convention and visitors’ bureau (CVB) to promote an area to convention groups and visitors

The Five Ws of TravelAll travelers must make five basic decisions:

Who is traveling? (number of people and their ages)

What type of trip is it (business or leisure) and what transportation will be needed?

When is the trip? (urgency, reason)Where is the destination? (location)Why is the trip needed? (motivation)

Business TravelBusiness travel is done for sales, training,

and functions related to workOne person or a small group may travel for a

specific business purposeMay use dynamic packaging to meet specific

needsMay involve meetings, events, and incentive

(ME&I) travel, such as conventionsIncentive travel is a reward from a company

to its employees for outstanding work

Leisure TravelLeisure travel is done for rest, relaxation,

and enjoymentTravel for leisure may be done to

reach a vacation destination, such as the beachattend an event, such as a sports gamevisit friends and relatives (VFR)

Tourism and the EconomyA tourism destination area (TDA) is a

location that intentionally attracts visitors and brings in revenue through tourism

Tourism helps build infrastructureTourists add money to a TDA by buying

lodging, food, and other goods and servicesTourists benefit their home economy by

buying transportation and other goods and services

Tourism Destination AreasTourism destination areas (TDAs) provide

tourism infrastructure and market themselves to potential visitors

Communities, regions, states, countries, or groups of countries can become TDAs

A TDA is usually created around a central attraction, which may be natural (Grand Canyon) or constructed (Disney World)

Documents for Travel and TourismA passport is issued by a national

government as proof of a person’s identity and citizenship

A visa authorizes a noncitizen to enter, exit, or live in a country for a specified timeTravel agencies may obtain visas for their

clientsEmbassies and consulates can issue visas

Instead of visas, some countries require a tourist card

Travel InformationEach country establishes the requirements

needed to enter itThe country of origin has requirements for

reentryThe U.S. Department of State provides

information on travel requirements for citizens going abroad or foreign tourists coming to the United States

SeasonalityA tourist destination area may be classified

by seasonality according to its climate:All season—popular year-roundWinter warm—“sun destinations”Winter cold—ski resortsSummer resort—lake or coastal areas

Impact of SeasonsDemand for hospitality services varies with

the seasonsPeak seasons are those with the highest

demandOff-peak seasons have the lowest demandTiming of peak and off-peak seasons depends

on the type of business and its locationShoulder season-The time between high and

low season in a travel market

Factors Affecting SuccessFour factors hospitality managers cannot

control includeweatherpolitical conditionseconomic conditionsglobalization (the process in which the

economies of nations become interconnected)

Segments of TourismSustainable development—promoting

environmental protectionEcotourism—observing and preserving the

natural environment and cultureHeritage tourism—traveling to places that

authentically represent history and cultureLocal interest—sites, festivals, and eventsVoluntourism—tourism that includes volunteering

ToursMay be taken independently or with a groupInclude at least two of the following:

TransportationLodgingMealsEntertainmentAttractionsSightseeing activities

Types of ToursIn independent tours, the itinerary is set by

the travelerDomestic independent tours (DIT) or

foreign independent tours (FIT) are custom-designed by a wholesaler or travel agent

Hosted tours include a local host or guideEscorted tours have a preset itinerary, and

an escort accompanies the travelers

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Types of ToursA city guide is an expert who “steps on” a

coach to act as a guideA site guide provides interpretation at the

attractionA docent is a site guide who volunteers at a

museumAn interpreter is a mixture of a teacher and

an actor