THE TEXAS THE TEXAS

REVOLUTION:REVOLUTION:

Ch 7 vocabulary in your notes Ch 7 vocabulary in your notes write the following words and write the following words and

definition.definition. InfantryInfantry Tactical RetreatTactical Retreat Provisional Provisional

governmentgovernment AtrocityAtrocity AlcaldeAlcalde ReinforcementsReinforcements

Regular ArmyRegular ArmyBarracksBarracksCompromiseCompromiseSiegeSiegeBayonetsBayonetsCavalryCavalry

Section questions for Chapter 7 Homework is due November 14, 2014

Warm-up Nov. 6, 2014Warm-up Nov. 6, 2014

What events generally need to What events generally need to happen for a revolution to get off happen for a revolution to get off the ground?the ground?

In the summer of 1835 war was not In the summer of 1835 war was not certain.  List the events that will lead certain.  List the events that will lead to the Texas Revolution.to the Texas Revolution.– Think about the tensions that had been Think about the tensions that had been

between the two sides for several years. between the two sides for several years. – What types of emotions/sentiments do you What types of emotions/sentiments do you

think the people on each side of the Battle of think the people on each side of the Battle of Gonzales were feeling?Gonzales were feeling?

Events that led to the Events that led to the RevolutionRevolution

Fredonian Rebellion:Fredonian Rebellion:– The Edwards brothers took over The Edwards brothers took over

Nacogdoches and claimed it was Nacogdoches and claimed it was independent of Mexico. independent of Mexico.

– This made Mexico scared that Anglos were This made Mexico scared that Anglos were trying to take over Texas.trying to take over Texas.

Mier Y Teran ReportMier Y Teran ReportMexico sent Mier y Teran into Texas to Mexico sent Mier y Teran into Texas to observe conditions, he found that Anglos observe conditions, he found that Anglos outnumbered Mexicans in Texas 10-1outnumbered Mexicans in Texas 10-1

Events that led to the Events that led to the RevolutionRevolution

Law of April 6, 1830Law of April 6, 1830– Mexico passed the law of April 6, 1830 in response Mexico passed the law of April 6, 1830 in response

to the Mier y Teran report. to the Mier y Teran report. – Said that there was to be no immigration from the Said that there was to be no immigration from the

U.S. into Texas, and that slavery was outlawedU.S. into Texas, and that slavery was outlawed

Santa Anna also created a Centralist Santa Anna also created a Centralist governmentgovernment where he had all the where he had all the powerpower

Stephen F. Austin’s Arrest: Stephen F. Austin’s Arrest: he was arrested for writing a letter Mexico he was arrested for writing a letter Mexico considered treasonous and was imprisoned for considered treasonous and was imprisoned for several yearsseveral years

American RevolutionAmerican Revolution Texas RevolutionTexas Revolution

Great Britain originally left the Great Britain originally left the colonists alonecolonists alone

Mexico originally left the Mexico originally left the settlers alonesettlers alone

The colonists began to develop The colonists began to develop the colonies largely on their ownthe colonies largely on their own

The settlers began to develop The settlers began to develop Texas largely on their ownTexas largely on their own

Great Britain feared losing control Great Britain feared losing control over the colonies and cracked over the colonies and cracked

downdown

Mexico feared losing control Mexico feared losing control over Texas and cracked downover Texas and cracked down

The goals of the colonists changed The goals of the colonists changed over timeover time

The goals of the settlers The goals of the settlers changed over timechanged over time

King George III denied the King George III denied the colonist rightscolonist rights

Santa Anna denied the settlers Santa Anna denied the settlers their rightstheir rights

Similarities Between the Texas and American Revolution

The Battle of Gonzales:The Battle of Gonzales: The Texans had borrowed a cannon from Mexico for The Texans had borrowed a cannon from Mexico for

protection from the Comanche Indians. After the protection from the Comanche Indians. After the battle at Anahuac, General Martin Perfecto de Cos battle at Anahuac, General Martin Perfecto de Cos was afraid they would use it against them. So he sent was afraid they would use it against them. So he sent some soldiers to Gonzales to retrieve the cannon.some soldiers to Gonzales to retrieve the cannon.

Andrew Ponton was the alcalde (the mayor) of Andrew Ponton was the alcalde (the mayor) of Gonzales and refused to give up the cannon without Gonzales and refused to give up the cannon without proper documentation from the government. While proper documentation from the government. While some of the soldiers went to get the paperwork, some of the soldiers went to get the paperwork, Ponton buried the cannon.Ponton buried the cannon.

Meanwhile, 18 of the townspeople (old Eighteen) Meanwhile, 18 of the townspeople (old Eighteen) prepared to fight. They removed all the boats that prepared to fight. They removed all the boats that were along the Guadalupe River that ran by the town were along the Guadalupe River that ran by the town and captured some of the soldiers who were waiting and captured some of the soldiers who were waiting for permission to take the cannon. However, 1 soldier for permission to take the cannon. However, 1 soldier escaped and told Mexico what the Texans were doing.escaped and told Mexico what the Texans were doing.

The Battle of The Battle of Gonzales continued:Gonzales continued:

More Mexican troops were sent to the area to More Mexican troops were sent to the area to retrieve the cannon.retrieve the cannon.

When they reached Gonzales they could not get to When they reached Gonzales they could not get to the town, because the river was too high. So they the town, because the river was too high. So they went to another part of the river and rested over went to another part of the river and rested over night.night.

Meanwhile, the Texans dug up the cannon and got Meanwhile, the Texans dug up the cannon and got more people to join the 18 and attacked the more people to join the 18 and attacked the Mexicans the next morning. They even made a flag Mexicans the next morning. They even made a flag saying “Come and take it!”.saying “Come and take it!”.

This battle was the 1This battle was the 1stst battle of the Texas battle of the Texas Revolution.Revolution.

Oct. 2, 1825

Battle of GonzalezBattle of Gonzalez• First battle of the

Texas Revolution• Battle over cannon

was at Gonzales to protect against natives.

• Colonists fought (old 18)

• Mexican soldiers who wanted cannon back

• Showed colonists defiance

Battle of GonzalezBattle of Gonzalez Oct. 2, 1835Oct. 2, 1835 Mexican soldiers came for Mexican soldiers came for

cannoncannon Texans buried cannon in Texans buried cannon in

orchardorchard Dug up cannon & hung a flag Dug up cannon & hung a flag

statingstating– COME AND TAKE ITCOME AND TAKE IT

Texans fired first shot (1 Mex. Texans fired first shot (1 Mex. died, 0 Texans) – Old 18died, 0 Texans) – Old 18

Significance – first battle of the Significance – first battle of the Texas RevolutionTexas Revolution

Mexicans retreated, Texans wonMexicans retreated, Texans won

Summary ActivitySummary ActivityGonzalesGonzales

Write:Write:– Concluding Statement about the Concluding Statement about the

Battle of GonzalesBattle of Gonzales– Battle SloganBattle Slogan– Battle SymbolBattle Symbol

The Capture of Goliad:The Capture of Goliad:

The news of Gonzales worried General The news of Gonzales worried General Cos so he and his soldiers left Goliad (La Cos so he and his soldiers left Goliad (La Bahia) to meet up with other soldiers in Bahia) to meet up with other soldiers in San Antonio. San Antonio.

They left behind supplies in the They left behind supplies in the

fort of Goliad. Soon the Texans fort of Goliad. Soon the Texans

along with Ben Milam captured along with Ben Milam captured

the fort and its supplies. the fort and its supplies.

Oct. 9, 1835

Capture of GoliadCapture of Goliad Oct. 10, 1835Oct. 10, 1835 Cos and his troops left Cos and his troops left

Goliad to help put down Goliad to help put down the rebellionthe rebellion

Texan volunteer army Texan volunteer army attacked Goliad while attacked Goliad while Cos was goneCos was gone

Mexicans surrenderedMexicans surrendered Significance – cut off Significance – cut off

Mexican army’s supply Mexican army’s supply routesroutes

Warm up Nov 7, 2014Warm up Nov 7, 2014

Why was the Battle of Gonzalez Why was the Battle of Gonzalez called the Lexington of the Texas called the Lexington of the Texas Revolution?Revolution?

What made Presidio La Bahia an What made Presidio La Bahia an important fort?important fort?

What was the first state government What was the first state government in Texas?in Texas?

Establishing a government:Establishing a government: The Consultation of 1835 was the first The Consultation of 1835 was the first

meeting where the Texans got together meeting where the Texans got together to discuss what they should do, fight or to discuss what they should do, fight or not. not. 3rd Texian Consultation, San Felipe de Austin, 1 November 18353rd Texian Consultation, San Felipe de Austin, 1 November 1835

But when the fighting started in But when the fighting started in

Gonzales & Goliad the delegates put off Gonzales & Goliad the delegates put off the meeting until later in the year. the meeting until later in the year. However, they did create the However, they did create the Permanent Council, the first state Permanent Council, the first state government of Texas (it also set up a government of Texas (it also set up a postal system, sent soldiers and postal system, sent soldiers and supplies to the army in South Texas). supplies to the army in South Texas). But, when they finally had the meeting But, when they finally had the meeting they disbanded.they disbanded.

Establishing a government:Establishing a government: Not all Texans wanted to fight against Not all Texans wanted to fight against

Mexico, so they came up with a Mexico, so they came up with a compromise. They would fight, but not for compromise. They would fight, but not for independence. They would fight to put independence. They would fight to put the Constitution of 1824 back in place.the Constitution of 1824 back in place.

They also set up a They also set up a Provisional Provisional governmentgovernment, or temporary government in , or temporary government in Texas. They chose Henry Smith as Texas. They chose Henry Smith as governor.governor.

They put Sam Houston in charge of the They put Sam Houston in charge of the army and tried to create a regular army, a army and tried to create a regular army, a full-time force of soldiers.full-time force of soldiers.

March on San AntonioMarch on San Antonio

October 12, 1835October 12, 1835 Led by Stephen F. AustinLed by Stephen F. Austin Tejanos, including Juan Tejanos, including Juan

Seguin, joined the armySeguin, joined the army Army had grown to 600Army had grown to 600 Untrained army with little Untrained army with little

suppliessupplies Austin was waiting to Austin was waiting to

increase his cavalryincrease his cavalry Cos led Mexican soldiers Cos led Mexican soldiers

Mission ConcepcionMission Concepcion Oct. 28, 1835Oct. 28, 1835 Bowie, Fannin and Briscoe were sent out Bowie, Fannin and Briscoe were sent out

with a search party with 90 to find the best with a search party with 90 to find the best location for the March on San Antoniolocation for the March on San Antonio

Attacked by 400 Mexican soldiersAttacked by 400 Mexican soldiers Bowie and party had a good defense Bowie and party had a good defense

position behind the river bankposition behind the river bank Able to defeat Mexicans because they had Able to defeat Mexicans because they had

more accurate riflesmore accurate rifles Significance – Texans won a quick and clear Significance – Texans won a quick and clear

victoryvictory

The Siege of San Antonio:The Siege of San Antonio:

SFA put James Fannin and Jim SFA put James Fannin and Jim Bowie in charge and they led Bowie in charge and they led a force to San Antonio where a force to San Antonio where General Cos was with his General Cos was with his men. They began a siege of men. They began a siege of the town. He hoped the the town. He hoped the Mexican troops would run out Mexican troops would run out of food and surrender.of food and surrender.

Oct. 28, 1835

SiegeSiege

The siege lasted many weeks and The siege lasted many weeks and many of the Mexican soldiers were many of the Mexican soldiers were hoping to giving up. SFA decided it hoping to giving up. SFA decided it was time to attack. General Cos and was time to attack. General Cos and his men surrendered.his men surrendered.

Then SFA was chosen by the Then SFA was chosen by the Consultation to go to the US to seek Consultation to go to the US to seek help in fighting Mexico so Edward help in fighting Mexico so Edward Burleson was now in charge. Burleson was now in charge.

““Grass Fight”:Grass Fight”:

A Texas soldier spotted some Mexican soldiers A Texas soldier spotted some Mexican soldiers just outside of San Antonio with a large number just outside of San Antonio with a large number of mules. It was said that the mules carried a of mules. It was said that the mules carried a lot of silver to pay Mexican soldiers.lot of silver to pay Mexican soldiers.

The Texans led by Jim Bowie attacked the The Texans led by Jim Bowie attacked the Mexicans and after a fierce battle the Mexicans Mexicans and after a fierce battle the Mexicans fled to S.A. leaving the mules behind.fled to S.A. leaving the mules behind.

The Texans captured the mules only to find out The Texans captured the mules only to find out they were only carrying hay which was to be they were only carrying hay which was to be food for the Mexican troops horses. Thus the food for the Mexican troops horses. Thus the name “Grass fight”.name “Grass fight”.

November 26, 1835

Grass Fight led By Bowie:Grass Fight led By Bowie:

William H. Jack to Edward Burleson, November 27, 1835Bowie

The Grass Fight led by The Grass Fight led by BowieBowie November 26, 1835November 26, 1835 Stephen F. Austin started a Stephen F. Austin started a

siege on San Antonio siege on San Antonio Erastus “Deaf” Smith reported Erastus “Deaf” Smith reported

to Austin that more than 100 to Austin that more than 100 Mexican soldiers were heading Mexican soldiers were heading toward San Antoniotoward San Antonio

Bowie led 40 Texas cavalry Bowie led 40 Texas cavalry and 100 infantry troops to and 100 infantry troops to intercept the soldiersintercept the soldiers

They captured their horses They captured their horses and mules with cargoand mules with cargo

Significance – discovered the Significance – discovered the siege was working since these siege was working since these were supplies for the Mexican were supplies for the Mexican soldiers in San Antoniosoldiers in San Antonio

The Capture of San Antonio:The Capture of San Antonio:

As the siege continued many As the siege continued many Texas soldiers were wanting to Texas soldiers were wanting to leave. But when 1 Mexican leave. But when 1 Mexican soldier fled the town, he told the soldier fled the town, he told the Texans that it would be easy to Texans that it would be easy to fight the Mexicans and take over fight the Mexicans and take over the Alamo.the Alamo.

The Capture of San Antonio:The Capture of San Antonio:

The Texans began to fight and The Texans began to fight and within a matter of a few days within a matter of a few days General Cos surrendered the town, General Cos surrendered the town, the Alamo, and his men.the Alamo, and his men.

His troops were set free and His troops were set free and pledged they would not return to pledged they would not return to Texas.Texas.

Capture of San AntonioCapture of San Antonio December 5, 1835December 5, 1835 Texans found out that Mexican soldiers Texans found out that Mexican soldiers

in San Antonio were weak and in San Antonio were weak and disorganizeddisorganized

The siege and lack of supplies had worn The siege and lack of supplies had worn them downthem down

Ben Milam shouted “Who will go with Ben Milam shouted “Who will go with old Ben Milam to San Antonio”old Ben Milam to San Antonio”

300 rebels answered his call to attack300 rebels answered his call to attack Fighting spread from house to house Fighting spread from house to house

and even rooftopsand even rooftops Dec. 9Dec. 9thth – Mexican troops forced to the – Mexican troops forced to the

center of the citycenter of the city Dec. 10Dec. 10thth – agreed to Cos’s terms of – agreed to Cos’s terms of

surrendersurrender Cos and his troops were led out of San Cos and his troops were led out of San

AntonioAntonio

Significance – Texans believed the Significance – Texans believed the conflict was over and they could form a conflict was over and they could form a separate state within Mexico under the separate state within Mexico under the Constitution of 1824Constitution of 1824

The Texans hold:The Texans hold:

The Texans held San Antonio and Goliad. The Texans held San Antonio and Goliad. They also held all the harbors on the Gulf They also held all the harbors on the Gulf Coast, this made their position strong in Coast, this made their position strong in Texas.Texas.

No force could invade by sea.No force could invade by sea.

The Mexican army could not move north The Mexican army could not move north of the San Antonio River.of the San Antonio River.

The first battles:The first battles:

The Texas Government falls The Texas Government falls apart:apart:

The governor and General Council did not The governor and General Council did not work well together and after many work well together and after many arguments the government fell apart.arguments the government fell apart.

Governor Smith and the Texas army Governor Smith and the Texas army disagreed on where to attack the Mexican disagreed on where to attack the Mexican army. The Council ordered Smith army. The Council ordered Smith removed from office and put James W. removed from office and put James W. Robinson in charge.Robinson in charge.

Disorganized Armies:Disorganized Armies:

The army was also having problems because The army was also having problems because there were 4 leaders (Sam Houston, Frank there were 4 leaders (Sam Houston, Frank Johnson, James Grant, & James Fannin) and the Johnson, James Grant, & James Fannin) and the men did not agree on where to attack the men did not agree on where to attack the Mexican army. They also had very few soldiers.Mexican army. They also had very few soldiers.

The men decided to split up the soldiers. The men decided to split up the soldiers. Johnson & Grant took 500 men, Fannin 450, and Johnson & Grant took 500 men, Fannin 450, and Houston went to Goliad to take charge.Houston went to Goliad to take charge.

Houston did not want to separate the men, but Houston did not want to separate the men, but the other leaders refused to support Houston the other leaders refused to support Houston unless he refused to support Governor Smith– unless he refused to support Governor Smith– Houston feared there were to be more problems Houston feared there were to be more problems to follow.to follow.

The Alamo & The Alamo & it’s defenders:it’s defenders:

The men at the Alamo called for reinforcements to The men at the Alamo called for reinforcements to make their force stronger, as the fort was one of make their force stronger, as the fort was one of the main roads that connected Mexico to the the main roads that connected Mexico to the interior of Texas.interior of Texas.

Jim Bowie was sent by Houston to the Alamo to Jim Bowie was sent by Houston to the Alamo to assess the situation. He reported back that they assess the situation. He reported back that they need to defend the Alamo and send more troops.need to defend the Alamo and send more troops.

Houston soon sent more troops led by William Houston soon sent more troops led by William Travis to help.Travis to help.

David Crockett arrived from Tennessee along with David Crockett arrived from Tennessee along with 12 men. This left 150 men to defend the Alamo.12 men. This left 150 men to defend the Alamo.

Early 1836

March on San Antonio-- March on San Antonio-- AlamoAlamo

The Siege of the Alamo:The Siege of the Alamo: Santa Anna was moving north towards San Antonio with Santa Anna was moving north towards San Antonio with

6,000 troops.6,000 troops.

The sight of the Mexican army surprised Travis, as well as The sight of the Mexican army surprised Travis, as well as the sight of the Texans for Santa Anna, as he thought they the sight of the Texans for Santa Anna, as he thought they would not be there.would not be there.

Santa Anna demanded the Texans to surrender but they Santa Anna demanded the Texans to surrender but they refused. Travis responded with a cannon shot. The 2 refused. Travis responded with a cannon shot. The 2 armies fired their cannons at each other for days.armies fired their cannons at each other for days.

Travis sent a messenger, Juan Seguin, to Gonzales for help. Travis sent a messenger, Juan Seguin, to Gonzales for help. 32 men came to help. 32 men came to help.

James Bonham also left the Alamo to seek help from Fannin James Bonham also left the Alamo to seek help from Fannin in Goliad,but he sent word he was unable to help.in Goliad,but he sent word he was unable to help.

Travis knew that he was unable to defend the fort without Travis knew that he was unable to defend the fort without Fannins help. He asked the Texans if they wanted to leave Fannins help. He asked the Texans if they wanted to leave they could, only 1 man did, Louis Rose.they could, only 1 man did, Louis Rose.

Consultation of 1835Consultation of 1835

The members:The members:– http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/

consultations4.htmconsultations4.htm

The UnanimousThe UnanimousDeclaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

made by themade by theDelegates of the People of TexasDelegates of the People of Texas

in General Conventionin General Conventionat the town of Washingtonat the town of Washington

on the 2nd day of March 1836.on the 2nd day of March 1836.

The Fall of the Alamo:The Fall of the Alamo: On On March 6March 6, the north wall of the Alamo was , the north wall of the Alamo was

falling down so Santa Anna decided to attack. falling down so Santa Anna decided to attack.

There were too many Mexican soldiers and they There were too many Mexican soldiers and they

quickly took over the Alamo. quickly took over the Alamo. Killing 189 Killing 189 Texans. Texans. Only 600 Only 600 Mexican soldiers were killed.Mexican soldiers were killed.

Santa Anna told his soldiers to kill any man but Santa Anna told his soldiers to kill any man but let the women and children go free.let the women and children go free.

The battle inspired the Texans to fight. They The battle inspired the Texans to fight. They began to use the cry began to use the cry “Remember the Alamo“Remember the Alamo”.”.

Dawn of the AlamoDawn of the Alamo

Painting analysisPainting analysis

And lettersAnd letters

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!

1. We will be analyzing a copy of the 1. We will be analyzing a copy of the painting, “Dawn at the Alamo” & On the painting, “Dawn at the Alamo” & On the right side of your spiral across from a right side of your spiral across from a page of notes copy of the 3-Level page of notes copy of the 3-Level Organizer. Organizer.

Look closely at the painting and write Look closely at the painting and write down 4 facts they notice in the down 4 facts they notice in the painting. Discuss facts each group painting. Discuss facts each group wrote. (See painting information sheet.)wrote. (See painting information sheet.)

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo! Find major Texian figures: Find major Texian figures: Bowie, Bowie (in the lower left rising off his sick Bowie, Bowie (in the lower left rising off his sick

bed) is placed out in the open, not in a small bed) is placed out in the open, not in a small room. room.

Crockett, Crockett (in the lower right) is probably Crockett, Crockett (in the lower right) is probably out of place. out of place.

Travis. Point out that Travis (the figure fighting on Travis. Point out that Travis (the figure fighting on the top of the rampart) would have already been the top of the rampart) would have already been killed by the Mexicans by this point in the battle. killed by the Mexicans by this point in the battle.

Discuss the evidence written in the de la Pena Discuss the evidence written in the de la Pena diary (that Crockett & others surrendered and diary (that Crockett & others surrendered and were executed on orders of Santa Anna)were executed on orders of Santa Anna)

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!

3. Notice Texians are fighting 3. Notice Texians are fighting valiantly, while the Mexicans are valiantly, while the Mexicans are often showed “sneaking” up behind a often showed “sneaking” up behind a Texan soldier. (See Travis) Texan soldier. (See Travis)

Find other examples of bias against Find other examples of bias against the Mexican soldiers. Read the letter the Mexican soldiers. Read the letter to MacArdle from Santa Anna. Ask to MacArdle from Santa Anna. Ask them to identify elements of bias in them to identify elements of bias in the letter.the letter.

Remember the Alamo! Remember the Alamo! Three-Level Organizer: Three-Level Organizer:

listed listed 4 facts 4 facts from the painting in the center of from the painting in the center of the organizer,the organizer,

write write 2 inferences 2 inferences about the battle from looking about the battle from looking at the painting. (Write these in the middle frame at the painting. (Write these in the middle frame of the graphic organizer.) of the graphic organizer.)

In the outer frame, write an answer “ In the outer frame, write an answer “ How has How has discovery of new historical evidence forced discovery of new historical evidence forced us to change our view of the Battle of the us to change our view of the Battle of the Alamo? “Alamo? “

Compare Travis’ letter, especially the quote: Compare Travis’ letter, especially the quote: “If “If this call is neglected, I am determined to this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible and die sustain myself as long as possible and die like a soldier who never forgets what is due like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor and that of his to his own honor and that of his country—country—Victory or DeathVictory or Death!”!”

The AlamoThe Alamo March 1836March 1836 13 days of fighting13 days of fighting A victory for the A victory for the

Mexican soldiersMexican soldiers Considered a turning Considered a turning

point in Texas point in Texas historyhistory

““Remember the Remember the Alamo” became the Alamo” became the chant of Texans chant of Texans during the revolutionduring the revolution

The Alamo GroundsThe Alamo Grounds

The Alamo BattlegroundThe Alamo Battleground Spanned more then Spanned more then

3 acres in 18363 acres in 1836 About 200-250 About 200-250

Texas defenders Texas defenders died at the Alamodied at the Alamo

Around 60-100 Around 60-100 Mexican casualtiesMexican casualties

1 Texan for every 7 1 Texan for every 7 feet of Alamo wallsfeet of Alamo walls

How did the Alamo affect the How did the Alamo affect the Texas Revolution?Texas Revolution?

What impact did the Fall of the Alamo What impact did the Fall of the Alamo have on the rest of the Revolution?have on the rest of the Revolution?

What became the rallying cry of soldiers What became the rallying cry of soldiers in the Revolution after the fall of the in the Revolution after the fall of the Alamo?Alamo?

Santa Anna hoped to prove that it was Santa Anna hoped to prove that it was futile to try to fight him. Did he prove futile to try to fight him. Did he prove his point with the Battle of the Alamo? his point with the Battle of the Alamo?

Travis’ LetterTravis’ Letter

Travis wrote the Travis wrote the letter shortly after letter shortly after the siege beganthe siege began

The letter The letter desperately called desperately called for more for more volunteersvolunteers

Now is labeled the Now is labeled the “Most Heroic “Most Heroic Document in Texas Document in Texas History”History”

After the Alamo:After the Alamo: Houston had heardHouston had heard of the defeat at the of the defeat at the AlamoAlamo but but

did not believe it. did not believe it. So he sent Deaf Smith towards So he sent Deaf Smith towards San Antonio to find out what happened.San Antonio to find out what happened.

On his way there, he found On his way there, he found Susanna Dickinson, Susanna Dickinson, and other survivors from the Alamo walking.and other survivors from the Alamo walking. They They toldtold Smith Smith what had happened at the Alamowhat had happened at the Alamo and and that Santa Anna was on his way that Santa Anna was on his way towards Gonzalestowards Gonzales..

Houston knew he could not fight Santa Anna with Houston knew he could not fight Santa Anna with the 400 men he had.the 400 men he had. So he called for a So he called for a tactical tactical retreat from Gonzales, an organized pullback of retreat from Gonzales, an organized pullback of troops from an enemy in order to gain an troops from an enemy in order to gain an advantageadvantage. .

He also sent a He also sent a message to Fannin in Goliad to message to Fannin in Goliad to destroy the Presidio La Bahia there and join himdestroy the Presidio La Bahia there and join him. . Houston hoped to add Fannin’s 500 men to his Houston hoped to add Fannin’s 500 men to his army.army.

Houston’s Retreat:Houston’s Retreat: Houston left GonzalesHouston left Gonzales for the Anglo part of Texas for the Anglo part of Texas

along with all the people who lived there. along with all the people who lived there. But But before he left he burned down the townbefore he left he burned down the town. He . He hoped as hoped as he went more north more people would he went more north more people would join himjoin him and the fight against Santa Anna. and the fight against Santa Anna.

When Houston When Houston reached San Felipe he had 1,400 reached San Felipe he had 1,400 menmen in his army. in his army.

However, Houston found out that However, Houston found out that Santa Anna Santa Anna was moving towards the east into Anglo Texas was moving towards the east into Anglo Texas and Fannin was not going to come help themand Fannin was not going to come help them..

Also, many Also, many Texans disliked Houston and feared Texans disliked Houston and feared Santa Anna would come towards Washington-on-Santa Anna would come towards Washington-on-the-Brazos where the delegates were meeting.the-Brazos where the delegates were meeting. Since most of the soldiers in the area joined with Since most of the soldiers in the area joined with Houston there were not many soldiers left the Houston there were not many soldiers left the protect the area.protect the area.

Ambush at San Patricio:Ambush at San Patricio:

General Don Jose Urrea attacked the Texans General Don Jose Urrea attacked the Texans at San Patricioat San Patricio. .

The men were The men were under the leadership of under the leadership of Francis W. Johnson. Francis W. Johnson.

He He killed or captured most of themkilled or captured most of them, , Johnson Johnson managed to escape.managed to escape.

A A short time later Urrea defeated James short time later Urrea defeated James Grant’s men as they traveled to Grant’s men as they traveled to Matamoros. Several men died, and the rest Matamoros. Several men died, and the rest were capturedwere captured..

Refugio and Coleto Creek:Refugio and Coleto Creek: Fannin believed Urrea was somewhere in the area around Fannin believed Urrea was somewhere in the area around

Refugio so he let Refugio so he let 150 men led by William Ward and Amon King 150 men led by William Ward and Amon King to go to nearby Refugio.to go to nearby Refugio.

King decided to take his men and have them attack some of King decided to take his men and have them attack some of the Tejanos that lived there.the Tejanos that lived there.

Urrea’s army attacked Ward and his men in RefugioUrrea’s army attacked Ward and his men in Refugio. They also . They also surrounded King and his men just outside the mission.surrounded King and his men just outside the mission.

After a After a day long battleday long battle, Ward’s and King’s men tried to escape , Ward’s and King’s men tried to escape but were captured. but were captured. Many men were killed on the spot, other Many men were killed on the spot, other fled to Victoria.fled to Victoria.

Fannin who was waiting for the men to return from Refugio Fannin who was waiting for the men to return from Refugio when he heard of the defeat. when he heard of the defeat. He chose to flee towards He chose to flee towards Victoria because he did not have enough men to fightVictoria because he did not have enough men to fight. .

On the way to On the way to Victoria Urrea’s men caught up with them. Victoria Urrea’s men caught up with them. Urrea attacked Fannin’s men at Coleto CreekUrrea attacked Fannin’s men at Coleto Creek. . Fannin offered Fannin offered to surrenderto surrender.. He asked for his men to be expelled from He asked for his men to be expelled from Texas instead of putting them in prison. Urrea seemed to Texas instead of putting them in prison. Urrea seemed to agree with these terms.agree with these terms.

The Massacre at Goliad:The Massacre at Goliad: Fannin and his men returned to Goliad, which was Fannin and his men returned to Goliad, which was

under Urrea’s control.under Urrea’s control.

The men The men stayed in jail for a few daysstayed in jail for a few days and then and then were forced to march out of town. They thought were forced to march out of town. They thought they were going to the port of Copano to board a they were going to the port of Copano to board a ship to the US.ship to the US.

About a mile outside of town the Mexican soldiers About a mile outside of town the Mexican soldiers opened fire on the Texans, killing 340 men. Only opened fire on the Texans, killing 340 men. Only 30 people escaped due to the aide of Francita 30 people escaped due to the aide of Francita Alavez, who hid them from the soldiers. She was Alavez, who hid them from the soldiers. She was known as the “Angel of Goliad”.known as the “Angel of Goliad”.

The The massacre at Goliad moved more Texans to massacre at Goliad moved more Texans to fight as they saw it as an atrocity, or a cruel and fight as they saw it as an atrocity, or a cruel and brutal actbrutal act. They . They blamed Santa Anna for the blamed Santa Anna for the actions takenactions taken. It also made many US citizens to . It also made many US citizens to come to Texas to help the Texans fight against come to Texas to help the Texans fight against Mexico.Mexico.

The Runaway Scrape:The Runaway Scrape:

Many Many Texans were afraid of Santa AnnaTexans were afraid of Santa Anna. Soon . Soon the people in the people in Texas began to leaveTexas began to leave. .

Most of the men in Texas joined Houston’s army Most of the men in Texas joined Houston’s army while the women were forced to bring their while the women were forced to bring their children to safety.children to safety.

The Runaway Scrape lasted for weeks, until late The Runaway Scrape lasted for weeks, until late April 1836April 1836..

Houston then met Santa Anna’s army near the Houston then met Santa Anna’s army near the San Jacinto River, where a fateful battle would San Jacinto River, where a fateful battle would take place.take place.

Runaway scrap.Runaway scrap.

Listen to the story of the Runaway Listen to the story of the Runaway ScapeScape

Think about the pictures.Think about the pictures. Imagine what it might have been like Imagine what it might have been like

to participate in the Runaway Scape. to participate in the Runaway Scape. Write a letter or journal entry/entries Write a letter or journal entry/entries

describing their experiences. 5-7 describing their experiences. 5-7 sentences minimum.sentences minimum.

In 1836, General Santa Anna was marching eastward from San Antonio, and settlers were fleeing to safety in Louisiana in what was called the Runaway Scrape. Only such a great danger would have forced Dilue Rose Harris's family to try a difficult river crossing.

"The horrors of crossing the Trinity are beyond my power to describe," she wrote. "When the party got to the boat the water broke over the banks and ran around us. We were surrounded by water."

“… “… then we was all then we was all drove out of ouer houses drove out of ouer houses with ouer little ones to with ouer little ones to suffer with cold and suffer with cold and hungry and little Lorenzy hungry and little Lorenzy not three months old not three months old when we started out when we started out died on the road … died on the road … when the Mexicans was when the Mexicans was invadeing Texas … we invadeing Texas … we alwase calld the alwase calld the invadeing of Texas the invadeing of Texas the runaway trip so your runaway trip so your uncle Tommys wife uncle Tommys wife onley lived one day after onley lived one day after tha got home thare was tha got home thare was many births and deths many births and deths on that road while we on that road while we was running from the was running from the mexicans.”mexicans.”

People of the Texas People of the Texas RevolutionRevolution

Sam Houston: Sam Houston: Leader of the Texas ArmyLeader of the Texas Army Santa Anna: Santa Anna: Leader of the Mexican ArmyLeader of the Mexican Army George Childress: George Childress: Led the convention of Led the convention of

1836 and created the Texas Declaration of 1836 and created the Texas Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Lorenzo de Zavala: Lorenzo de Zavala: Was a Mexican who Was a Mexican who came to Texas to escape Santa Anna’s power came to Texas to escape Santa Anna’s power and help the Texans. He helped write the and help the Texans. He helped write the Texas ConstitutionTexas Constitution

James FanninJames Fannin: Commanded men in the : Commanded men in the Texas army at GoliadTexas army at Goliad

Juan Seguin: Juan Seguin: Fought at the Alamo, and Fought at the Alamo, and recruited help for William B. Travisrecruited help for William B. Travis

Warm upWarm up

Explain why Explain why

Presidio La Bahia was an important fort.Presidio La Bahia was an important fort. Identify the first state government in Identify the first state government in

Texas.Texas. Why did the Texans lay siege to San Why did the Texans lay siege to San

Antonio?Antonio? Why was the Texan Capture of San Why was the Texan Capture of San

Antonio important?Antonio important?

William B. TravisWilliam B. Travis

Commanded Commanded ____________________________________________________________________________

Was one of the Was one of the first defenders first defenders ______________________________________________

William B. TravisWilliam B. Travis

Commanded Commanded the Texans the Texans against against Mexican forces Mexican forces at the Alamoat the Alamo

Was one of the Was one of the first defenders first defenders to dieto die

Sam Houston/Santa AnnaSam Houston/Santa Annacompare & contrastcompare & contrast

Early LifeEarly Life

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

4.4.

5.5.

Early lifeEarly life

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

Sam Houston/Santa AnnaSam Houston/Santa Anna

ExperienceExperience

1.1.

2.2.

3.3. LeadershipLeadership

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

ExperienceExperience

1.1.

2.2.

3.3. LeadershipLeadership

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

The Leaders at Washington-on-The Leaders at Washington-on-the-Brazos:the-Brazos:

While the While the fighting was going on at the fighting was going on at the Alamo, some of the leaders of Texas were Alamo, some of the leaders of Texas were able to meet to make plans for Texasable to meet to make plans for Texas..

They were now fighting to make Texas They were now fighting to make Texas independent. independent.

They formed a new government and They formed a new government and wrote a constitutionwrote a constitution..

Texas Constitution of 1836:Texas Constitution of 1836: