The Team: Jeffrey E. Tranel: Colorado State John P. Hewlett, Univ. of Wyo

The Team:

Jeffrey E. Tranel: Colorado State

John P. Hewlett, Univ. of Wyo

Randolph P. Weigel, Univ. of Wyo

Tauhidur Rahman, Univ. of Az

Trent Teegerstrom, Univ. of Az

Cole Ehmke, Univ. of Wyo

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline Response TableResponse Table DemographicsDemographics Reasons for Involvement in the rural family Reasons for Involvement in the rural family

venturesventures Sources of RiskSources of Risk Vulnerability AssessmentVulnerability Assessment Information Sources and PreferencesInformation Sources and Preferences The Role of Cooperative ExtensionThe Role of Cooperative Extension Resource ManagementResource Management Income StatusIncome Status

8-page survey instrument developed by RFV Team.8-page survey instrument developed by RFV Team.

Sample was drawn by USDA-NASS.Sample was drawn by USDA-NASS. Based on population density of the target Based on population density of the target

population and geographic distributionpopulation and geographic distribution

Surveys were executed following a modified Dillman Surveys were executed following a modified Dillman method.method.

SurveySurvey- Timeline and Methodology -- Timeline and Methodology -

Time

April 25, 2006

May 3, 2006

May 11, 2006

May 22, 2006

June 15, 2006

June 30, 2006

First mailing = April 25 Telephone session #1 = May 22-26 Reminder postcard = May 3 Telephone session #2 = June 15-22Second request = May 11 SAS data set available = June 30

Response Table for Rural Entrepreneur Response Table for Rural Entrepreneur SurveySurvey

StateState # mailed# mailed # Interviews # Interviews completedcompleted

%% # completed # completed QuestionnairesQuestionnaires

%%

Arizona Arizona 742742 353353 47.60%47.60% 319319 43.00%43.00%

Colorado Colorado 3,2983,298 1,7981,798 54.50%54.50% 1,6621,662 50.40%50.40%

Wyoming Wyoming 899899 494494 54.90%54.90% 466466 51.80%51.80%

TotalTotal 4,9394,939 2,6452,645 53.60%53.60% 2,4472,447 49.50%49.50%

SurveySurvey- responses in Arizona -- responses in Arizona -

SurveySurvey- responses in Colorado -- responses in Colorado -

SurveySurvey- responses in Wyoming -- responses in Wyoming -

Demographics…Demographics…

Male, 1845, 77%

Female, 548, 23%

11% = 35-4430% = 45-5430% = 55-6426% = 65+

14% = High School8% = Trade School17% = 2yr Degree22% = 4yr Degree

14% = Grad Degree

Operator 1

Demographics…Demographics…Operator 2

Male, 357, 32%

Female, 744, 68%

17% = 35-4432% = 45-5430% = 55-6415% = 65+

36% = High School6% = Trade School19% = 2yr Degree22% = 4yr Degree

11% = Grad Degree

Demographics…Demographics…Distribution of “Operators” by race ? Distribution of “Operators” by race ?

45

2204

8 5 20

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

American Indianor Alaskan

Native

Caucasian Black orAfrican-

American

Asian Native Hawaiianor other Pacific

Islander

Numb

er of

Opera

tor 1

17

1037

4 2 00

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

AmericanIndian orAlaskanNative

Caucasian Black orAfrican-

American

Asian NativeHawaiian or

Other PacificIslander

Num

ber o

f Ope

rato

r

Operator 1 Operator 2

Demographics…Demographics…How long have you lived on the How long have you lived on the

property ?property ?

Summary MeasuresSummary Measures Operator 1Operator 1 Operator 2Operator 2

MeanMean 18.9818.98 16.3316.33

MedianMedian 14.0014.00 12.0012.00

ModeMode 0.000.00 0.000.00

Standard DeviationStandard Deviation 16.3316.33 14.0214.02

Sample VarianceSample Variance 266.73266.73 196.51196.51

MinimumMinimum 0.000.00 0.000.00

MaximumMaximum 94.0094.00 80.0080.00

CountCount 2317.002317.00 1055.001055.00

Demographics…Demographics…How long have you lived in the How long have you lived in the

community ?community ?Summary Summary

MeasureMeasure Operator 1Operator 1 Operator 2Operator 2

MeanMean 31.4131.41 26.7726.77

MedianMedian 29.0029.00 25.0025.00

ModeMode 30.0030.00 30.0030.00

Standard Standard DeviationDeviation 19.9919.99 17.8417.84

Sample VarianceSample Variance 399.53399.53 318.12318.12

MinimumMinimum 0.000.00 0.000.00

MaximumMaximum 94.0094.00 87.0087.00

CountCount 2304.002304.00 1045.001045.00

Demographics…Demographics…How rural is most of the property managed by this How rural is most of the property managed by this

operation?operation?

Completeley Rural, 1500,

63%

Mostly Rural, 443, 19%

Mix Rural and Urban, 352, 15%

Mostly Urban, 53, 2%

Completeley Urban, 19, 1%

Demographics…Demographics… Is the primary residence located on the Is the primary residence located on the

property ?property ?

Yes, 2002, 84%

No, 393, 16%

Demographics…Demographics…How far is the property (headquarters) from the nearest How far is the property (headquarters) from the nearest

“metro area”? “metro area”? Summary MeasuresSummary Measures MilesMiles

MeanMean 24.8924.89

MedianMedian 12.0012.00

ModeMode 10.0010.00

Standard DeviationStandard Deviation 37.4937.49

Sample VarianceSample Variance 1405.171405.17

MinimumMinimum 1.001.00

MaximumMaximum 400.00400.00

CountCount 2297.002297.00

Demographics…Demographics…Off property job? Yes or NoOff property job? Yes or No

Yes, 1631, 71%

No, 677, 29%

Demographics…Demographics…How far does the individual who travels farthest How far does the individual who travels farthest

commute to work?commute to work?Summary MeasuresSummary Measures MilesMiles

MeanMean 29.1129.11


ModeMode 10.0010.00

Standard DeviationStandard Deviation 56.7956.79

Sample VarianceSample Variance 3225.283225.28




Reasons for Reasons for Involvement…Involvement…

995 1032

118

1100

304

551

151

507 519 477

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

Reasons for Reasons for Involvement…Involvement… How long do you expect to manage your How long do you expect to manage your

property?property?

18 19145

41208

22

1608

295

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Until childrengraduate

high school

Until childrengraduatecollege

Until one ofmy childrentakes over

the business

Untillandloed dies

Until I retire Until myspouseretires

Until I can nolonger do the

work

Other

Num

ber o

f res

pond

ents

Sources of Risks…Sources of Risks… Ranking of Sources of Risks (Most Ranking of Sources of Risks (Most

Important)Important)800

569

374

263211

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Nu

mb

er

of

Re

sp

on

de

nts

Vulnerability Indicators of Rural family Vulnerability Indicators of Rural family Business…Business…

I am comfortable with the way I handle uncertainty I am comfortable with the way I handle uncertainty in my business environmentin my business environment

71 85

462

622

1049

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4

Disagreement to Agreement

Nu

mb

er o

f Res

po

nd

ent


I am optimistic about the future of my businessI am optimistic about the future of my business

208 212

525572

774

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1 2 3 4 5


Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents


I am always one of the first in my industry to try I am always one of the first in my industry to try new technologies or production strategiesnew technologies or production strategies

579

469

676

309241

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1 2 3 4 5


Num

ber

of R

espo

nden

ts


I am confident in my ability to deal with the changes I am confident in my ability to deal with the changes that are taking place in the business environmentthat are taking place in the business environment

145

226

655602

656

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5


Num

ber

of R

espo

nden

ts

Vulnerability Indicators of Rural family Vulnerability Indicators of Rural family Business…Business… Business tasks must come before Business tasks must come before

family/personal timefamily/personal time655

395

534

360 340

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5


Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents


Today’s ranchers and farmers are at the mercy of Today’s ranchers and farmers are at the mercy of outside forces so the best you can do is to adjust to outside forces so the best you can do is to adjust to the situationthe situation

184 157

403

579

974

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5


Nu

mb

er o

f Res

po

nd

ents


Ranchers and farmers today must be sensitive to the environment by Ranchers and farmers today must be sensitive to the environment by reducing the use of agricultural chemicals on their landreducing the use of agricultural chemicals on their land

142 146

423

563

1020

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1 2 3 4 5


Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

Information Sources and Information Sources and Preferences…Preferences…

What are your currently in use most preferred sources of information ?What are your currently in use most preferred sources of information ?

507

178255

10071112

20195

288

954

13761

213

930

273

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Num

ber

of R

espo

nden

ts


Of the information sources you use, please indicate Of the information sources you use, please indicate how they could be improved ?how they could be improved ?

528

326

469 473

646

493

585

297

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents


In what form do you prefer to receive information?In what form do you prefer to receive information?

1284

252

734884

364559

677789

60 150

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Prin

t

Vide

o/D

VD

Inte

rnet

New

slet

ter

e-m

ail

Wor

ksho

ps/m

eet

ing/

field

day

One

on

One

Dire

ct M

ailin

g

Oth

er 1

Oth

er 2

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

The Role of Cooperative The Role of Cooperative Extension…Extension…

Have you ever received information from Cooperative Have you ever received information from Cooperative Extension?Extension?

1830

545

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Yes No

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ent

New ExtensionClientele

22.94%


Has anyone from the operation participated in a Has anyone from the operation participated in a Cooperative Extension program (except 4-H)?Cooperative Extension program (except 4-H)?

419

1953

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Yes No

Nu

mb

er

of

Re

sp

on

de

nts

17.66%


Have any immediate family members participated in 4-H in the last two years?Have any immediate family members participated in 4-H in the last two years?

450

1941

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Yes No

Num

ber

of R

espo

nden

ts

18.74%


Have any operators used any University services besides Cooperative Extension ?Have any operators used any University services besides Cooperative Extension ?

465

1887

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Yes N0

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

19.77%

Resource Management…Resource Management…Acres of Land Managed ?Acres of Land Managed ?

OwnedOwned LeasedLeased TOTALTOTAL

MeanMean 264.54264.54 803.02803.02 1032.331032.33

MedianMedian 5050 00 8080

ModeMode 4040 00 4040

MinimumMinimum 00 00 00

MaximumMaximum 4000040000 785000785000 785800785800

SumSum 626964626964 18991501899150 25261142526114

CountCount 23702370 23652365 24472447

Resource Management…Resource Management… Sources of water on the land (owned + leased) you manage?Sources of water on the land (owned + leased) you manage?

935

1273

273151

472 454

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

SurfaceWater

Wells DevelopedSprings

Municipal Rural WaterSystem

Other

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ent

Resource Management…Resource Management… A river, stream, pond, or other surface waterway A river, stream, pond, or other surface waterway

on/bordering the property you manage?on/bordering the property you manage?

11581224

0

500

1000

1500

Yes No

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

Resource Management…Resource Management… Do you use chemicals to control weeds on your property?Do you use chemicals to control weeds on your property?

1342

1047

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Yes No

Num

ber o

f

Resource Management…Resource Management… Do you have a current chemical applicators license?Do you have a current chemical applicators license?

401

1966

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Yes No

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

Resource Management…Resource Management… Do you produce any commodities sold as organic, certified Do you produce any commodities sold as organic, certified

organic, all natural, chemical…indicating a specialty market?organic, all natural, chemical…indicating a specialty market?

292

2092

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Yes No

Num

ber

of R

epon

dent

s

Resource Management…Resource Management… Distribution of LivestockDistribution of Livestock

53354

352

9949 96233282 1209

51041039

8703

16286

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Tota

l Num

ber

Resource Management…Resource Management… How many months per year do you usually graze animals How many months per year do you usually graze animals

on your pasture?on your pasture?

Summary Measures Summary Measures (In months, annually) (In months, annually)

MeanMean 7.507.50


ModeMode 12.0012.00




Resource Management…Resource Management… Do you use a grazing management system to rotate Do you use a grazing management system to rotate

animals through two or more pastures?animals through two or more pastures?

1200

680

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Yes No

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

Resource Management…Resource Management… If Yes, then how many pastures?If Yes, then how many pastures?

MeanMean 3.963.96


ModeMode 3.003.00




Resource ManagementResource Management How much of your annual pasture production How much of your annual pasture production

do your animalsdo your animals

typically eat?typically eat?

596 592

408

110 104

47

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

All of it or asmuch as they

can get

Most of it (someleft standing but

pretty short)

About half A little bit None Other

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

Income Status…Income Status… What type best describes your operation in What type best describes your operation in

2005 ?2005 ?1901

227114 5 46 27 46

0200400600800

1000

12001400160018002000

Sole

Prop

rieto

rshi

p

Part

ners

hip

Lim

ited

liabi

lity

Am

eric

anIn

dian

Res

erva

tion

S. C

orpo

ratio

n

Reg

ular

Cor

pora

tion

Oth

er

Num

ber o

f Res

pond

ents

Income Status…Income Status… Size of farm/ranch based on gross farm Size of farm/ranch based on gross farm

income in 2005income in 2005

272

161 169

220

182

90100

49 50

263 4

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Nu

mb

er o

f R

esp

on

den

ts

Farm’s contribution to household income?Farm’s contribution to household income?

0% - 20% 21% - 40% 41% - 60% 61% - 80% 81% - 100%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Income Status…Income Status… Primary Source of Income for this operation in Primary Source of Income for this operation in

2005 ?2005 ?

820820OtherOther

2727Specialty ProductsSpecialty Products

2828Aquaculture and other animal productionAquaculture and other animal production

125125Sheep and goat productionSheep and goat production

2020Hog and pig productionHog and pig production

99Dairy cattle and milk productionDairy cattle and milk production

1010Cattle FeedlotsCattle Feedlots

698698Cattle BeefCattle Beef

1313Hunting and fishingHunting and fishing

2020Tourism and recreationTourism and recreation

2727Other crop farmingOther crop farming

400400Hay FarmingHay Farming

77Greenhouse, nursery, and floricultureGreenhouse, nursery, and floriculture

1313Vegetable and melon farmingVegetable and melon farming

5252Grain and oilseed farmingGrain and oilseed farming

For Number of RespondentsFor Number of RespondentsPrimary Source of Income in 2005Primary Source of Income in 2005

Defining New Extension Defining New Extension Clientele ?Clientele ?

Who are they? Who are they? CharacteristicsCharacteristics::

Never received information from cooperative Never received information from cooperative extension (549)extension (549)

No off property job (no income diversification)No off property job (no income diversification) Those at financial and production risksThose at financial and production risks Those not optimistic about their businessesThose not optimistic about their businesses Those not comfortable with their abilities to deal with Those not comfortable with their abilities to deal with

business uncertaintybusiness uncertainty Those who consider themselves “not successful”Those who consider themselves “not successful” Farms who consider themselves at the mercy of Farms who consider themselves at the mercy of

outside forcesoutside forces Smaller farmsSmaller farms Those whose farm operation income accounts for 80—Those whose farm operation income accounts for 80—

100% of the total household income100% of the total household income

Small Acres RancherSmall Acres Rancher

The Team: Jeffrey E. Tranel: Colorado State John P. Hewlett, Univ. of Wyo

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Transcript of The Team: Jeffrey E. Tranel: Colorado State John P. Hewlett, Univ. of Wyo