AP Statistics Designing Studies & Experiments Student Handout
The Statistics Involved in Experiments
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The Statistics Involved in Experiments
Carl Hamblyn
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SO_P
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S_AR
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Designing an Experiment
• An experiment is a set of observations made under conditioned controlled by the observer
• Experiments allow us to claim cause and effect (if correctly designed)
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Components of Experiment
• Question• Variables• Design
• Replication• Blocking• Randomisation
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Question
• Question• Variables• Design
• Replication• Blocking• Randomisation
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• “The purpose of this experiment is to see if…
• … has an effect on…”
• E.g. “The purpose of this experiment is to see if adding nitrate solution has an effect on the yield of tomatoes at harvest time.
Question (try to be precise)
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Variables
• Question• Variables• Design
• Replication• Blocking• Randomisation
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Independent and Dependent
• Independent – the treatment• Dependent – the one you measure
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Replication
• Question• Variables• Design
• Replication• Blocking• Randomisation
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Not just once…
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Components of Experiment
• Question• Variables• Design
• Replication• Blocking• Randomisation
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Blocking (homogeneous groups)
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Randomisation
• Question• Variables• Design
• Replication• Blocking• Randomisation
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Experiment Group and
Control Group
Random allocation is important
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Year 12 vs Year 13
• Comparison between two groups– need a control group. – need an experimental group
• Comparison within the same group– before and after. – with the treatment, without the treatment
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Ideas and help
• BBC website (google BBC psychology test)• Census at School website
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