The State of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Today

Chronic kidney disease is a widely unrecognized public health challenge that contributes to

high mortality and cost. The National Kidney Foundation is partnering with America’s clinical

laboratories to improve assessment of individuals at risk of kidney disease by simplifying

and clarifying the ordering and reporting of the two widely available tests recommended by

clinical practice guidelines.

1 in 3 American adults has or is at risk for

CKD, and most of them don’t know it.

Sources:

i. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. High blood pressure fact sheet.

Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm

ii. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CKD Surveillance System. CKD fact sheet 2017.

Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/kidney_factsheet.pdf

iii. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020. CKD objectives: CKD-2 increase proportion of persons

with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who know they have impaired renal function, revised.

Available at: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#objid=4092

Source: United States Renal Data System. 2016 USRDS annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States.

Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2016.

Hypertension and diabetes are the top two risk factors for developing CKD, but many people with these

conditions are not receiving recommended testing.

HYPERTENSION

94% UNTESTED

DIABETES

61% UNTESTED

HYPERTENSION & DIABETES

60% UNTESTED

CK

D P

rog

ress

ion

(Est

imat

ed G

FR) Cardiovascular risk increases

with CKD progression.>=60

45-49

30-44

15-29

<15

2.11

3.65

11.29

21.8

36.6

Increasing Cardiovascular Risk

(Age-Standardized Rates of Cardiovascular Events)

Source: Go , A.S., et al., Chronic kidney disease and the risk of death, cardiovascular events,

and hospitalization. New England Journal of Medicine, 2004;35(13):1296-1305.

Total cholesterol

Diabetes

HDL cholesterol

Total & HDL cholesterol

Smoking

Systolic BP

eGFR

ACR

eGFR & ACR

A combination of eGFR and ACR testing is a strong predictor of CKD

and cardiovascular mortality.

PREDICTION OF RISK

Source: Matsushita, K., et al., Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative

meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015Jul;3(7):514-525

Prevalence and Awareness of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Low Rates Of Albumin-Creatinine Ratio Testing for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Risk of Cardiovascular Events

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Testing and Prediction for Cardiovascular Mortality

NO CKD

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4-5

$7,375

$16,770

$33,200

$76,969

Annual treatment costs increase as CKD progresses.

(Annual cost per CKD patient by stage of CKD)

Source: Golestaneh et al. All-cause costs increase exponentially with increased chronic kidney disease stage.

American Journal of Managed Care. 2017; 23(10):S161.

Medical Costs from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

This document was developed through a collaboration between the National Kidney Foundation and ASCP. Copyright © 2018 National Kidney Foundation and ASCP