The Six Simple Machines - WordPress.com · 5/8/2013 · The Six Simple Machines Lever Pulley Wheel...
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}}} S ayre School, Lexington’s oldest independent school, has broken ground on a new, two-story, 37,000 square-foot Lower School building that is modern, child-centered and environmentally sound… and so much more than mere brick and mortar. “Research shows that relationships are a key driver of achievement,” Lower School Head Annie Papero said. “Relationships are an invisible but crucial part of any school. is building was intentionally designed to foster connections between students, between families and the school, and between the school and the community. “is is where social support and friendships will grow.” e $9.9 million building, scheduled to open for the 2018-2019 school year, replaces three structures that were torn down to make room for one consolidated building that runs along the south border of the campus next to the Buttery. e building will sit at the center of campus on the iconic Front Circle that also includes the Old Sayre administrative building, the Middle School and the Buttery. “Having the Lower School have a space on that circle shows our dedication to young children,” Papero said. “at puts the Lower School in a prominent position on a school campus that serves children from 2 years old to 12th grade. “is visibility shows that Sayre values all three age groups (Lower, Middle and Upper School) and treats each as their own developmental stage.” e new as-yet-unnamed building will house children from 2 years through fourth grade with preschool through first grade downstairs and second through fourth upstairs. Responding to Sayre’s growing enrollment (now at 545), the building can accommodate up to 36 students (18 to a classroom) in each grade. e building, constructed with natural materials, will be built with large windows that allow natural light to enter and create a feeling of connection with the outside world. Highlights Abound Including: Downstairs Dedicated Lower School Library: Bookshelves on wheels can be moved easily to create flexibility for project work, research and collaboration. Gross Motor Skills Multipurpose Room: Doubling as a school gathering space and performance area, the room’s primary use is for children to move and enjoy physical activity. is space, along with two attached classrooms, will be home for Sayre’s Extended Day program. Music Room: Features floor-to-ceiling windows and allows plenty of space for creative movement and the use of a wide range of instruments. Upstairs Dedicated Science Room: State-of-the- art laboratory, sponsored by Deirdre and Pearse Lyons of Alltech, will open onto a rooftop patio and garden where students can incorporate the natural environment into their studies. Innovation Room: Filled with an assortment of hands-on materials such as pipe cleaners, fabrics, clothespins, hot glue guns, old CDs, gears and ball bearings, the room gives children space for creative invention and play. “is is the kind of constructive play and expression children have enjoyed for eons and need for their development,” Papero said. e design of the building plays a role in its functionality. For example, the Art, Science and Innovation rooms sit next to each other to promote collaboration between the arts and sciences. In addition, lining the hallways on each floor are bump out nooks complete with window seats that give kids a cozy place to contemplate and/or collaborate. Outside Toddler and Preschool Playground: e building wraps around this playscape that is built into the land using natural materials. Tree stump stepping stones came from a tree that previously stood on campus. Also, the wood from a walnut Is Erecting Child-Centered Lower School Building SAYRE SCHOOL By John Lynch The Lower School playscape is designed to promote exploration and creativity for kids. 10 | www.lexingtonfamily.com
Transcript of The Six Simple Machines - WordPress.com · 5/8/2013 · The Six Simple Machines Lever Pulley Wheel...
The Six Simple Machines
Lever
Pulley Wheel and Axle
WedgeScrewInclined Plane
Inclined Plane An inclined plane is
a flat surface that is higher on one end
Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier
Inclined Plane The Egyptians used inclined planes to build the
pyramids. One method was to build a very long inclined plane
that rose upward to the top of the pyramid very gently.
The blocks of stone were placed on large logs (another type of simple machine - the wheel and axle) and pushed slowly up the long inclined plane to the top of the pyramid.
Inclined Plane -Mechanical Advantage
The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is equal to the length of the slope divided by the height of the inclined plane.
While the inclined plane produces a mechanical advantage, it does so by increasing the distance through which the force must move.
Screw
The mechanical advantage of a screw can be very high because of the huge length of the corresponding inclined plane.
Archimedes' Screw
This machine was first designed by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC. It's used as a water pump.
Wedges Two inclined
planes joined back to back.
Wedges are used to split things.
Wedge – Mechanical Advantage The mechanical advantage of a wedge can be found
by dividing the length of either slope (S) by the thickness (T) of the big end.
S
As an example, let's assume that the length of the slope is 10 milimeters and the thickness is 4 milimeters. The mechanical advantage is then equal to 10/4 or 2.5.
As with the inclined plane, the mechanical advantage gained by using a wedge requires a corresponding increase in distance.
T
Fulcrum is between the effort (E) and the load (R)Effort moves further than Resistance. The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the length EF to the length RF.
First Class Lever
First Class Lever.
Common examples of first-class
levers include crowbars, scissors,
pliers, tin snips and seesaws
.
Load (R) is between the fulcrum (F) and the effort (E) Effort moves further than Resistance. The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distance EF to the distance FR.
Second Class Lever
Second Class LeverExamples of
second-class levers include nut crackers, wheel barrows, doors, and bottle openers.
The effort E is between fulcrum and the load.This lever does not multiply the force.
Third Class Lever
Third Class LeverExamples of
third-class levers include tweezers, arm hammers, and shovels.
Pulleys Pulley are wheels
and axles with a groove around the outside
A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work
Diagrams of Pulleys
Fixed pulley: A fixed pulley changes the direction of a force; however, it does not create a mechanical advantage.
Movable Pulley: The mechanical advantage of a moveable pulley is equal to the number of ropes that support the moveable pulley.
COMBINED PULLEY The effort needed to
lift the load is less than half the weight of the load.
The main disadvantage is it travels a very short distance.
WHEEL AND AXEL The axle is stuck
rigidly to a large wheel. Fan blades are attached to the wheel. When the axel turns, the fan blades spin.
GEARS-Wheel and Axel Each gear in a
series reverses the direction of rotation of the previous gear. The smaller gear will always turn faster than the larger gear.
Questions What did the egyptians use the inclined plane
for? What is Archimedes' screw used for? What are wedges used for? Put an example of a first class lever. Put an example of a second class lever. Put an example of a third class lever. Which type of pulley has more mechanical
advantage: the simple fixed pulley or the combined pulley?
Write down an example of machine that include wheels and axels.
