The ShoulderThe Shoulder

The ShoulderThe Shoulder

AnatomyAnatomy MovementsMovements InjuriesInjuries EvaluationEvaluation RehabilitationRehabilitation

Shoulder AnatomyShoulder Anatomy

BonesBones JointsJoints LigamentsLigaments MusclesMuscles BursaBursa

BonesBones

The two main bones of the shoulder The two main bones of the shoulder are the are the humerushumerus and and the the scapulascapula (shoulder blade). (shoulder blade).

The scapula extends up and around The scapula extends up and around the shoulder joint at the rear to form the shoulder joint at the rear to form a roof called the a roof called the acromionacromion, and , and around the shoulder joint at the front around the shoulder joint at the front to form the to form the coracoid processcoracoid process..

BonesBones

Shoulder jointsShoulder joints

GlenohumeralGlenohumeral- The end of the - The end of the scapula, called the scapula, called the glenoidglenoid, meets , meets the head of the humerus to form a the head of the humerus to form a glenohumeral cavity that acts as a glenohumeral cavity that acts as a flexible ball-and-socket joint. The flexible ball-and-socket joint. The joint is stabilized by a ring of fibrous joint is stabilized by a ring of fibrous cartilage surrounding the glenoid cartilage surrounding the glenoid called the called the labrumlabrum. .

Shoulder LigamentsShoulder Ligaments

Shoulder MovementsShoulder Movements

FlexionFlexion ExtensionExtension AbductionAbduction AdductionAdduction Internal rotationInternal rotation External rotationExternal rotation CircumductionCircumduction RetractionRetraction ProtractionProtraction

Rotator CuffRotator Cuff

The The Rotator CuffRotator Cuff is a group of is a group of muscles that work in the shoulder muscles that work in the shoulder joint to keep the humerus from joint to keep the humerus from popping out. This makes the popping out. This makes the Rotator Rotator CuffCuff critical for shoulder stability. critical for shoulder stability.

There are four muscles in the There are four muscles in the Rotator Rotator Cuff:Cuff: the the Teres Minor, Teres Minor, thethe Infraspinatus, Infraspinatus, thethe Supraspinatus Supraspinatus and and thethe Subscapularis. Subscapularis.

Function of Rotator CuffFunction of Rotator Cuff

The main functions of the The main functions of the Rotator Rotator CuffCuff are shoulder joint stabilization, are shoulder joint stabilization, abduction, internal and external abduction, internal and external rotation of the humerus.rotation of the humerus.

Shoulder MusclesShoulder Muscles

DeltoidDeltoid

Shoulder BursaShoulder Bursa

Shoulder InjuriesShoulder Injuries

ContusionContusion

ContusionContusion

FracturesFractures

Usually occurs due to direct blow to Usually occurs due to direct blow to the shoulder area.the shoulder area.

Clavicle FxClavicle Fx

Greenstick Fx- bone does not Greenstick Fx- bone does not fracture all the way through.fracture all the way through.

Mechanism of injuryMechanism of injury

Fx Clavicle braceFx Clavicle brace

Muscle strainMuscle strain

Usually to the Usually to the rotator cuff.rotator cuff.

Can be 1Can be 1stst, 2, 2ndnd, or , or 33rdrd degree strains. degree strains.

Shoulder tendonitisShoulder tendonitis

Inflamation of the Inflamation of the tendon.tendon.

A result of overuse A result of overuse of the shoulder.of the shoulder.

BursitisBursitis

Inflammation of Inflammation of the bursa sacs that the bursa sacs that protect the protect the shoulder. shoulder.

BursitisBursitis

Impingement SyndromeImpingement Syndrome

Impingement syndrome is caused by Impingement syndrome is caused by the excessive squeezing or rubbing of the excessive squeezing or rubbing of the rotator cuff and shoulder blade. the rotator cuff and shoulder blade. The pain associated with the syndrome The pain associated with the syndrome is a result of an inflamed bursa is a result of an inflamed bursa (lubricating sac) over the rotator cuff, (lubricating sac) over the rotator cuff, and/or inflammation of the rotator cuff and/or inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons, and/or calcium deposits in tendons, and/or calcium deposits in tendons due to wear and tear. tendons due to wear and tear.

Impingement SyndromeImpingement Syndrome

ImpingementImpingement

ImpingementImpingement

Separated shoulderSeparated shoulder

Another name for Another name for this injury is an this injury is an acromioclavicular acromioclavicular joint separation, or joint separation, or AC separation. AC separation.

Usually occurs by Usually occurs by falling on the tip of falling on the tip of the shoulder.the shoulder.

Separated ShoulderSeparated Shoulder

Separated ShoulderSeparated Shoulder

22ndnd degree Separated degree Separated shouldershoulder

33rdrd degree Separated degree Separated shouldershoulder

Shoulder separationShoulder separation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8qS8heWgBs&list=PLA9BDA6911v=y8qS8heWgBs&list=PLA9BDA6911EFD931F&index=2EFD931F&index=2

Piano Key signPiano Key sign

Positive test = 3Positive test = 3rdrd degree separated degree separated shouldershoulder

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFwXwPD1Lxw&list=PLA9BDA691v=gFwXwPD1Lxw&list=PLA9BDA6911EFD931F&feature=mh_lolz1EFD931F&feature=mh_lolz

Shoulder subluxationShoulder subluxation

Glenohumeral joint slides apart, but Glenohumeral joint slides apart, but then goes back into place.then goes back into place.

Shoulder dislocationShoulder dislocation

When glenohumeral joint is put past When glenohumeral joint is put past it’s normal limits, and the head of the it’s normal limits, and the head of the humerus pops out and stays out.humerus pops out and stays out.

DislocationDislocation

DislocationDislocation

Shoulder dislocationShoulder dislocation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbu5qKSfzb8&list=PLA9BDA6911Ev=zbu5qKSfzb8&list=PLA9BDA6911EFD931F&index=3FD931F&index=3

Reducing a dislocationReducing a dislocation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGvy6sA2OD4v=CGvy6sA2OD4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLEklCEKyx4v=GLEklCEKyx4

Torn LabrumTorn Labrum

Labrum: thick tissue/cartilage in Labrum: thick tissue/cartilage in shoulder that helps keep the head of shoulder that helps keep the head of the humerus in place.the humerus in place.

Same symptoms as meniscal tear in Same symptoms as meniscal tear in knee.knee.

Can be difficult to diagnose this Can be difficult to diagnose this injury.injury.

SurgerySurgery

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYA6AKWeuTcv=fYA6AKWeuTc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxSWajPi8zAv=dxSWajPi8zA