The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution

1550-17891550-1789

What do I need to know…What do I need to know…

Theories in science and their conflicts with Theories in science and their conflicts with religionreligion

Technological advances and new theoriesTechnological advances and new theoriesKey people- Ptolemy, Galileo, Copernicus, Key people- Ptolemy, Galileo, Copernicus,

Kepler, NewtonKepler, Newton

What What exactlyexactly is a Revolution is a Revolution

A complete overthrow of an established A complete overthrow of an established government or institution.government or institution.

A complete change.A complete change.Scientific Revolution= a complete change Scientific Revolution= a complete change

(or a new way) of thinking about the (or a new way) of thinking about the natural world.natural world.

What else was going on….What else was going on….

Reformation- changes in the way people Reformation- changes in the way people thought of and practiced religion….thought of and practiced religion….

Followers changed the way they thought Followers changed the way they thought about God and Salvationabout God and Salvation

Scholars were questioning ideas that had Scholars were questioning ideas that had been accepted for hundreds of years by been accepted for hundreds of years by observing nature for themselvesobserving nature for themselves

Just one of those thoughts….Just one of those thoughts….

Before 1500 people decided what was true or Before 1500 people decided what was true or false based on the Bible or Ancient Greek and false based on the Bible or Ancient Greek and Roman scholarsRoman scholars

Geocentric view of the universe (Aristotle and Geocentric view of the universe (Aristotle and Ptolemy)- The earth was the center of the Ptolemy)- The earth was the center of the universe and everything else moved around it in universe and everything else moved around it in a completely circular path.a completely circular path.

Christianity taught that God placed the earth in Christianity taught that God placed the earth in the center because it was a special place where the center because it was a special place where life unfoldedlife unfolded

Geocentric ViewGeocentric View

What led to Scientific RevolutionWhat led to Scientific Revolution

New technologies- printing pressNew technologies- printing pressNew exploration- peoples of Africa, Asia New exploration- peoples of Africa, Asia

and Americas were different from and Americas were different from Europeans- new animals were Europeans- new animals were “discovered”“discovered”

These fueled the desire to learn more These fueled the desire to learn more about the universe than ancient thought about the universe than ancient thought allowedallowed

A Revolutionary ModelA Revolutionary Model

Copernicus- Polish astronomerCopernicus- Polish astronomerHeliocentric- The sun is at the center of Heliocentric- The sun is at the center of

the universe and everything else moves the universe and everything else moves around it…around it…

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly On the Revolutions of the Heavenly BodiesBodies- published as he was dying - published as he was dying because he knew it would be rejected by because he knew it would be rejected by scholars and the clergy b/c it contradicted scholars and the clergy b/c it contradicted their religious viewstheir religious views

Other Revolutionaries in ScienceOther Revolutionaries in Science

Kepler- took data recorded by his boss Kepler- took data recorded by his boss (Brahe) and mathematically calculated the (Brahe) and mathematically calculated the elliptical movement of the planets around elliptical movement of the planets around the sunthe sun

Galileo- Telescope used to discover many Galileo- Telescope used to discover many ideas about the universe, ideas about the universe, Starry Starry MessengerMessenger was published describing his was published describing his observations which conflicted with the observations which conflicted with the church.church.

Conflict with the ChurchConflict with the Church

Galileo’s ideas were widely publishedGalileo’s ideas were widely published If the church was wrong about this…. If the church was wrong about this….

What else could it be wrong about?What else could it be wrong about?Galileo brought to court….Galileo brought to court….Confessed the ideas were false….Confessed the ideas were false….Lived the rest of his years under house Lived the rest of his years under house

arrestarrest In 1992 the Church acknowledged he was In 1992 the Church acknowledged he was

right!right!

Other New StuffOther New Stuff

Scientific method- logical method for Scientific method- logical method for gathering and testing ideasgathering and testing ideas

Newton’s theory of motion- universal Newton’s theory of motion- universal gravitationgravitation

Microscope- led to discovery of blood cells Microscope- led to discovery of blood cells and bacteriaand bacteria

Barometer, thermometer, vaccine for cow Barometer, thermometer, vaccine for cow pox and then small pox, full anatomy of pox and then small pox, full anatomy of human body, discovery of chemicals, etchuman body, discovery of chemicals, etc

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

DefinitionDefinition

A new intellectual movement that stressed A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problemsindividuals to solve problems

AKA the Age of ReasonAKA the Age of ReasonSparked by the same fuels as the Sparked by the same fuels as the

Reformation and Scientific RevolutionReformation and Scientific RevolutionBrought change to Western CivilizationsBrought change to Western Civilizations

Thomas HobbsThomas Hobbs

Key beliefs: without governments to keep Key beliefs: without governments to keep order there would be constant war…. Life order there would be constant war…. Life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.”short.”

To escape this people had to hand over To escape this people had to hand over their rights to a strong ruler- in exchange their rights to a strong ruler- in exchange they gained law and orderthey gained law and order

AKA: the social contract (an agreement AKA: the social contract (an agreement between the people and the government)between the people and the government)

Best government= Absolute MonarchyBest government= Absolute Monarchy

John LockeJohn Locke

Key Beliefs: people can learn from Key Beliefs: people can learn from experiences and benefit themselves, are experiences and benefit themselves, are reasonable beings w/ natural ability to reasonable beings w/ natural ability to govern themselves, and look after the govern themselves, and look after the welfare of society ALL people are born welfare of society ALL people are born free and equalfree and equal

AKA: Three natural rights- life, liberty, and AKA: Three natural rights- life, liberty, and propertyproperty

Government comes from the consent of Government comes from the consent of people-Modern Democracypeople-Modern Democracy

PhilosophesPhilosophes

French for Philosophers- centered in ParisFrench for Philosophers- centered in ParisKey beliefs of allKey beliefs of all

Reason Reason (truth could be discovered through logical thinking)(truth could be discovered through logical thinking)

Nature Nature (what is natural is good and reasonable)(what is natural is good and reasonable)

Happiness Happiness (joy and well-being should be sought on earth)(joy and well-being should be sought on earth)

Progress Progress (society and humankind could be improved)(society and humankind could be improved)

Liberty Liberty (call for those won by English in the Glorious Rev. and (call for those won by English in the Glorious Rev. and their Bill of Rights for all)their Bill of Rights for all)

VoltaireVoltaire

I do not agree with one word you say but I do not agree with one word you say but will defend to the death your right to say will defend to the death your right to say it.”it.”

Key issue- IntoleranceKey issue- IntoleranceUsed satire as a weapon against the Used satire as a weapon against the

clergy, aristocrats, and the government.clergy, aristocrats, and the government.Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of

religion and freedom of speech.religion and freedom of speech.

MontesquieuMontesquieu

““Power… should be a check to power.” Power… should be a check to power.” AKA AKA Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

Key issue- Political LibertyKey issue- Political LibertyBelieved that England’s government was Believed that England’s government was

the best politically balanced of the timethe best politically balanced of the timeBook: Book: On the Spirit of the Law- On the Spirit of the Law- Proposed Proposed

that separation of powers would keep any that separation of powers would keep any one individual or group from gaining too one individual or group from gaining too much powermuch power

RousseauRousseau

““Man is born free, and everywhere he is in Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”chains.”

Key issue: Individual freedomsKey issue: Individual freedoms Disagreed with Enlightened thinkers- argued Disagreed with Enlightened thinkers- argued

that civilization corrupted menthat civilization corrupted men Book: Book: The Social ContractThe Social Contract Government is Government is

an agreement among free individuals to an agreement among free individuals to create a society and a governmentcreate a society and a government

Best government= Direct Democracy with Best government= Direct Democracy with all people equal and no titles of nobilityall people equal and no titles of nobility

Political ConsequencesPolitical Consequences More democratic styles of governmentMore democratic styles of government Enlightened Despots- monarchs who embraced the Enlightened Despots- monarchs who embraced the

ideas of the Enlightenment and made reforms to reflect ideas of the Enlightenment and made reforms to reflect themthem

Changes in some nationsChanges in some nations Frederick the Great of Prussia- reformed justice system, Frederick the Great of Prussia- reformed justice system,

religious freedoms, improvements of education system, religious freedoms, improvements of education system, eliminated capital punishmenteliminated capital punishment

Old idea- the state and its citizens exist to serve the Old idea- the state and its citizens exist to serve the monarch… Louis XIV “monarch… Louis XIV “I am the state”I am the state”

New idea- the monarch exists to serve the state and New idea- the monarch exists to serve the state and support the citizens….Frederick the Great of Prussia, support the citizens….Frederick the Great of Prussia, ““the first servant of the state”the first servant of the state”

Social ConsequencesSocial Consequences

Rise of a more secular outlookRise of a more secular outlook Promoted the importance of individualsPromoted the importance of individuals Urged an end to the practice of slaveryUrged an end to the practice of slavery Argued for greater social equalityArgued for greater social equality Called for the end of superstition and fear and Called for the end of superstition and fear and

religionreligion Promote tolerance of all religionsPromote tolerance of all religions Art was baroque (ornate design) replaced with Art was baroque (ornate design) replaced with

neo-classical (simple and elegant)neo-classical (simple and elegant) Music-classical music (Bach, Beethoven, etc.)Music-classical music (Bach, Beethoven, etc.)

Social ConsequencesSocial Consequences

Rise of a more secular outlookRise of a more secular outlook Promoted the importance of individualsPromoted the importance of individuals Urged an end to the practice of slaveryUrged an end to the practice of slavery Argued for greater social equalityArgued for greater social equality Called for the end of superstition and fear and Called for the end of superstition and fear and

religionreligion Promote tolerance of all religionsPromote tolerance of all religions Art was baroque (ornate design) replaced with Art was baroque (ornate design) replaced with

neo-classical (simple and elegant)neo-classical (simple and elegant) Music-classical music (Bach, Beethoven, etc.)Music-classical music (Bach, Beethoven, etc.)

Absolute RulersAbsolute Rulers

Louis XIVLouis XIV

AKA the Sun King AKA the Sun King Became king in 1643 (age 5) rule was Became king in 1643 (age 5) rule was

maintained through Cardinal Mazarinmaintained through Cardinal MazarinPeople hated his policies and threatened People hated his policies and threatened

Louis XIVLouis XIVGrew up fearing the nobility- led to his Grew up fearing the nobility- led to his

strengthstrengthTook control at age 22Took control at age 22

Louis XIV - Economy Louis XIV - Economy

Economic advisor- expanded the economy Economic advisor- expanded the economy through mercantilism and self sufficiency- through mercantilism and self sufficiency- colonies, tax breaks for French and tariffs colonies, tax breaks for French and tariffs for foreign companiesfor foreign companies

Canceled Edict of Nantes- Huguenots fled Canceled Edict of Nantes- Huguenots fled taking their skills with them.taking their skills with them.

Lavish LifestyleLavish Lifestyle

500 servants, waiters 500 servants, waiters and cooks per mealand cooks per meal

100 nobles wait to 100 nobles wait to dress him each daydress him each day

Palace at VersaillesPalace at Versailles

The palace had 5,000 acres of gardens and 1,400 fountains

The palace cost $2.5 billion in modern dollars, 36,000 forced laborers, and was never fully completed during his lifetime

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Louis XIVLouis XIV

The GoodThe Good Flourished in art, Flourished in art,

literatureliterature Europe’s military Europe’s military

leaderleader Strong empire of Strong empire of

colonies for resources colonies for resources and tradeand trade

The BadThe Bad Wars = debt and lost Wars = debt and lost

territoryterritory Suffering for the Suffering for the

peoplepeople DebtDebt Resentment of his Resentment of his

power led to eventual power led to eventual revolutionrevolution

Peter the GreatPeter the Great

1696- ruler of Russia1696- ruler of RussiaRussia was still in the middle agesRussia was still in the middle agesVisited the west in 1696 and came back Visited the west in 1696 and came back

with a plan- WESTERNIZATIONwith a plan- WESTERNIZATIONUsed absolutism to take over the church, Used absolutism to take over the church,

reduced power of landowners, modernized reduced power of landowners, modernized the armythe army

HEAVY TAXESHEAVY TAXES

The Good and The BadThe Good and The Bad

GoodGood PotatoesPotatoes Women’s statusWomen’s status Western clothingWestern clothing Advanced educationAdvanced education Warm water portWarm water port

BadBad High taxesHigh taxes Standard of living Standard of living

decreaseddecreased Changed their cultureChanged their culture

Tokugawa IeysauTokugawa Ieysau

Unified JapanUnified JapanNobles spent every other year in the Nobles spent every other year in the

capital to stop rebellionscapital to stop rebellionsMotto: Motto: “take care of the people. Strive to “take care of the people. Strive to

be virtuous. Never neglect to protect the be virtuous. Never neglect to protect the country.”country.”

The good and the badThe good and the bad

GoodGood Preserved culturePreserved culture Similar structure to Similar structure to

China (farmers held China (farmers held higher status)higher status)

Expanded towns and Expanded towns and citiescities

BadBad Isolation from others Isolation from others

(closed country (closed country policy)policy)

World RevolutionsWorld Revolutions

The Glorious RevolutionAmerican RevolutionFrench RevolutionLatin American RevolutionHaitian Revolution

English RevolutionEnglish Revolution

CausesCauses Ongoing conflict Ongoing conflict

between king and between king and parliament (taxes, parliament (taxes, Petition of Rights)Petition of Rights)

Civil War- Civil War- Foreign influence- Foreign influence-

Wars with FranceWars with France Catholic vs. Catholic vs.

Protestant LeadersProtestant Leaders

ResultsResults English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights Constitutional Constitutional

MonarchyMonarchy Cabinet SystemCabinet System

American Revolution?American Revolution?

American Revolution- Causes

Mercantilism.Mercantilism.The colonies felt that they were The colonies felt that they were

independent.independent.English RevolutionEnglish Revolution(Taxation w/out Representation)(Taxation w/out Representation)This led to call for colonial This led to call for colonial

independence and a revolt.independence and a revolt.

American Revolution- Causes

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Locke – Power of the gov’t Locke – Power of the gov’t

comes from the peoplecomes from the people US Constitution – “We the US Constitution – “We the

people of the United people of the United States…”States…”

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Voltaire – Free Speech, Voltaire – Free Speech,

Religious TolerationReligious Toleration US Constitution – Bill of US Constitution – Bill of

RightsRights

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: Montesquieu – Separation Montesquieu – Separation

of powers of gov’tof powers of gov’t US Constitution – US Constitution –

Establishes executive, Establishes executive, legislative, and judicial legislative, and judicial branches of the gov’tbranches of the gov’t

Leaders in the English Leaders in the English Colonies used the Colonies used the ideas of Enlightenment ideas of Enlightenment Thinkers to justify their Thinkers to justify their call for independence.call for independence.

American Revolution’s American Revolution’s Influence AbroadInfluence Abroad

FRANCE.FRANCE.Circulated copies of the Dec. of Circulated copies of the Dec. of

IndependenceIndependenceAmerican Revolution was a fulfillment of American Revolution was a fulfillment of

the Enlightenment thinker’s ideas. (French the Enlightenment thinker’s ideas. (French origin)origin)

““We talked nothing but of America” We talked nothing but of America” The French people wanted to change the The French people wanted to change the

gov’t that they felt was so unjust.gov’t that they felt was so unjust.

The French Revolution

BackgroundBackground France was France was

considered to be the considered to be the most advanced most advanced country in Europe at country in Europe at this timethis time

French society was French society was divided into three divided into three classes (called classes (called “estates”).“estates”).

1% of the PopulationClergy of the RCC

2% of the PopulationRich Nobles

97% of the Total PopulationBourgeoisie – Middle Class

Workers – Low ClassPeasants – Lowest Class

Causes of the French Revolution

The 3rd Estate paid the overwhelming majority of paid the overwhelming majority of the taxesthe taxes. (Over ½ of their income!)

The 3rd Estate did not support the King Louis XVI did not support the King Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette& Marie Antoinette.

The 3rd Estate did not like that the Estate-Estate-General was controlled exclusively by the 1General was controlled exclusively by the 1stst and and 22ndnd Estate Estate

Like the colonists in America, the French looked looked to the Enlightenment Thinkersto the Enlightenment Thinkers as “inspiration.”

The French Revolution Erupts

Activities of the 3rd EstateBroke away from the Estate – GeneralRenamed themselves the National AssemblyMade the Tennis Court OathStormed the Bastille July 14, 1789

Prison with weapons storageBecame Bastille Day (similar to July 4th in

America)

Results of the French Revolution

The Great Fear Peasants marched to the Palace at Versailles

and demanded bread Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette forced from the

throne The Royal Family tried to flee France, but they

were caught, held, and eventually executed

Results of the French Revolution

The National Assembly reformed the The National Assembly reformed the countrycountryAdapted a version of the Declaration of Adapted a version of the Declaration of

Independence, called the Declaration of the Independence, called the Declaration of the Rights of ManRights of Man

The RCC became controlled by the stateThe RCC became controlled by the stateDeveloped a constitutionDeveloped a constitution

Brought about a Legislative AssemblyBrought about a Legislative Assembly

Terror Grips FranceTerror Grips France

Reign of TerrorReign of TerrorMaximilien Robespierre rose to powerMaximilien Robespierre rose to powerUsed fear to rule FranceUsed fear to rule FranceSent many to the guillotineSent many to the guillotineEventually he was arrested and Eventually he was arrested and

executedexecuted

The Guillotine

Developed by Dr. GuillotineDeveloped by Dr. Guillotine The blade weighed about 88 lbsThe blade weighed about 88 lbs Some said that you died to Some said that you died to

quicklyquickly Not always effective on the first Not always effective on the first

time. Sometimes it was time. Sometimes it was necessary to drop the blade necessary to drop the blade several times in order to sever several times in order to sever the headthe head

Chapter 23 Sections 3 & 4

Napoleon’s BackgroundNapoleon’s Background

At the age of 9 Napoleon was sent to military school

At the age of 16 Napoleon became a lieutenant in the French Army

Because of the unrest in France during this time the government was very unstableCoup ‘de ‘tat – Sudden take over in power;

and overthrow of a government

Napoleon Rules FranceNapoleon Rules France

1) Developed the Napoleonic Code Uniform set of laws Limited individual liberties Promoted Napoleon’s power

2) Brought stability to France Leveled taxes across the Estates Removed dishonest gov’t workers Worked with the church Aided with public educationAided with public education

Napoleon Crossing the St. Bernard Pass

Painter: Jacques Louis David

Napoleon dictated how he was to be shown and what was to be painted. Contrary to David’s wishes, Napoleon wanted to be portrayed calm on the fiery horse. He refused to “sit” for the painting. David’s son posed on a ladder with the hat and cloak while his father painted. David could not paint Napoleon as he really was, he was forced to paint “the best possible look.”

What contrast(s) are present in the painting?

What is your impression of Napoleon?

What is Napoleon’s mood in the painting?

Napoleon Builds an EmpireNapoleon Builds an Empire

1) Sold territory in America (Louisiana Purchase)

Less to worry about Frustrated England Financed expansion efforts in Europe

2) Continued his military prowess, expanded French land throughout Western Europe

Austrian NetherlandsAustrian Netherlands Parts of ItalyParts of Italy Parts of SwitzerlandParts of Switzerland

Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar

Who: France vs. EnglandWhat: Napoleon’s only major battle lostResults

Destroyed French NavySolidified England’s power in EuropeUnable to ever conquer England

Napoleon’s Empire CollapsesNapoleon’s Empire Collapses

What did Napoleon do wrong?1) Too much pride and desire for power

Led to all of Napoleon's other problem

2) Tried to block trade between Britain and the rest of Europe

This was popular with no one; didn’t work anyway

3) Got into a war with Spain (Peninsular War) Napoleon’s aggression infuriated much of Europe; lost

300,000 troops

4) Invaded Russia Supply lines were too long, bad winter, scorched –earth

policy Started with 420,000 troops – ended with 10,000 healthy

troops

Napoleon’s Later LifeNapoleon’s Later Life Returned to France after defeat in Russia Attacked by all of his rivals while his army was

weakened Ousted from power (Battle of Leipzig – 1813-1814) Exiled to Island of Elba Escaped Elba Reigned for 100 more days Captured @ Waterloo Sent to Island of St. Helena in South Atlantic Died of stomach problem - 1821 (possibly cancer)

Haitian RevolutionHaitian Revolution

CausesCauses 500,000 slaves- 500,000 slaves-

outnumbered the outnumbered the FrenchFrench

NapoleonNapoleon Brutal methods of Brutal methods of

controlcontrol Toussant L’Overture Toussant L’Overture

led a slave revoltled a slave revolt Broken promisesBroken promises

EffectsEffects First black colony to First black colony to

gain independencegain independence Spread to other parts Spread to other parts

of Latin Americaof Latin America Even today Haiti Even today Haiti

struggles struggles economicallyeconomically

Latin American RevolutionLatin American Revolution

CausesCauses Divisions of society Divisions of society

(Peninsular, Creoles, (Peninsular, Creoles, Mulattos)Mulattos)

Education of CreolesEducation of Creoles French king in SpainFrench king in Spain Locke’s ideas Locke’s ideas

(consent of people)(consent of people) Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar

EffectsEffects Spread throughout Spread throughout

Latin America into Latin America into Mexico and BrazilMexico and Brazil

Economic change for Economic change for SpainSpain

Global TransformationsGlobal TransformationsChapter 28 Chapter 28

Sections 1 - 3Sections 1 - 3

Chinese NationalismChinese Nationalism

Japan Re-emergesJapan Re-emerges

US Economic ImperialismUS Economic Imperialism

ChinaChina

Interaction With Others…Interaction With Others…

Wars and Rebellions….Wars and Rebellions….

Rise of Nationalism…..Rise of Nationalism…..

Interactions With ForeignersInteractions With Foreigners

Self sufficiency- agricultural superioritySelf sufficiency- agricultural superiorityLimited trade- one port with more exports Limited trade- one port with more exports

than imports (favorable balance of trade)than imports (favorable balance of trade)Europeans desired a good the Chinese Europeans desired a good the Chinese

would demand…. would demand…. opiumopiumBy 1835 smuggled opium from the British By 1835 smuggled opium from the British

resulted in 12 million opium addictsresulted in 12 million opium addicts

Opium WarOpium War

Cause-Opium tradeCause-Opium tradeBattles were at sea, China’s ships were no Battles were at sea, China’s ships were no

match for the Britishmatch for the BritishResults- Results-

China defeatedChina defeatedEngland given Hong KongEngland given Hong KongExtraterritorial rightsExtraterritorial rights (foreigners were not (foreigners were not

subject to Chinese law in their ports)subject to Chinese law in their ports)

Taiping “Great Peace” RebellionTaiping “Great Peace” Rebellion CausesCauses

population grewpopulation grew food production didn’t keep food production didn’t keep

Goal- a China with no one living in poverty Goal- a China with no one living in poverty Heavenly Kingdom with Great Peace”Heavenly Kingdom with Great Peace”

Effects-Effects-1million peasants fought under Hong Xiuquan 1million peasants fought under Hong Xiuquan

(she-ewe-choo-ahn) – in SE China(she-ewe-choo-ahn) – in SE ChinaHong was not a great leader- internal conflictsHong was not a great leader- internal conflictsBritish, French, Qing imperial troops attackedBritish, French, Qing imperial troops attacked

Changes in ChinaChanges in China

Disagreement over modernizationDisagreement over modernizationEmpress Cixi (tso-shee)- Empress Cixi (tso-shee)- Self-Self-

strengthening Movementstrengthening Movementupdated China’s education and military updated China’s education and military

systemssystemsbuilt few factories built few factories

USA feared China would be colonized so it USA feared China would be colonized so it declared the declared the Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy China China would be open to all merchantswould be open to all merchants

JapanJapan

End of IsolationEnd of Isolation

Japanese ImperialismJapanese Imperialism

Japan Re-joins the WorldJapan Re-joins the World

Closed Country PolicyClosed Country PolicyUS Demand for tradeUS Demand for trade

US Commodore Matthew Perry “visited” US Commodore Matthew Perry “visited” Japan with a letter from Millard Fillmore Japan with a letter from Millard Fillmore “requesting” a trade relationship“requesting” a trade relationship

Returned 1 year later (1854) for the Treaty of Returned 1 year later (1854) for the Treaty of Kanagawa that opened two ports for US ships Kanagawa that opened two ports for US ships and gave foreigners extraterritorial rightsand gave foreigners extraterritorial rights

The Meiji EraThe Meiji Era

Angered JapaneseAngered Japanese Emperor Meiji increased control Emperor Meiji increased control Modernization to resist dominationModernization to resist domination

Imitated German and English military policiesImitated German and English military policiesUS universal educationUS universal education Industrialization through railroads, coal Industrialization through railroads, coal

mining, ship building, tea and silk factoriesmining, ship building, tea and silk factories

The Payoff…The Payoff…

Most powerful in AsiaMost powerful in AsiaRespect= extraterritorial rights abolishedRespect= extraterritorial rights abolished Imperialism (Japan’s colonies)Imperialism (Japan’s colonies)

Wars with China and RussiaWars with China and RussiaAnnexation (brought under control) Annexation (brought under control)

KoreaKorea

Major Difference between China and Major Difference between China and JapanJapan

China- give them what they want so we China- give them what they want so we can keep our traditional culture and way of can keep our traditional culture and way of life as in-tact as possiblelife as in-tact as possible

Japan- if you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em… Japan- if you can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em… and do it even better!and do it even better!