The Science of Prediction Monitoring Volcanic Activity
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Transcript of The Science of Prediction Monitoring Volcanic Activity
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The Science of PredictionMonitoring Volcanic Activity
www.unavco.org/cws/modules/cws/modules/yellowstone/
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Signs of Volcanic Activity
• Eruption history• Volcanic gas
emission• Heat and
hydrothermal activity
• Earthquakes• Ground
deformation
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Monitoring
Scientists use tools, many of which can be set up and left, to monitor volcanoes.
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Monitoring
Instruments radio their data to a field station or volcano observatory.
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Monitoring Mount St. Helens
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Eruption History
“The Past is the Key to the Present”
Ash, gas and steam eruptions
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Eruption History
Lava flows
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Eruption History
Hydrothermal explosions
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Volcanic Gases
Gas emissions
Vesicular basalt
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Volcanic Gases
Steam plume
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Volcanic Gases
Collecting gas samples
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Volcanic Gases
• Death by gases
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Volcanic Gases
Rate of SO2 emission, Mount St. Helens
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Heat and Hydrothermal Activity
5
2
3
41 1
Plumbing ofhydrothermal systems
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Heat and Hydrothermal Activity
FLIR image of Mt. St. Helens’ new dome June 26th 2007
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Earthquakes
Formation of earthquakes by rising magma
Magma rises into reservoir beneath volcano
Rising magma and volcanic gases exert pressure
High pressure causes breaks rocks, triggering earthquakes
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Earthquakes
Detecting earthquakes
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Earthquakes
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Earthquakes
Mount St. Helens earthquakes
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Ground Deformation
Satellite measurement of ground deformation
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Ground Deformation
Measuring ground deformation
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Ground Deformation
Deformation at Mount St. Helens
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The Science of Prediction
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Sources
Driedger, C., Doherty, A., and Dixon, C. 2005. “Living with a Volcano in your Backyard -- An Educator's Guide with Emphasis on Mount Rainier” . U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service, General Interest Publication 19. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Outreach/Publications/GIP19/framework.html.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (n.d.) Global Volcanism Program: St. Helens Index of Monthly Reports http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1201-05-&volpage=var#sean_0509
USGS. 2007. Volcano and Hydrologic Monitoring Techniques http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Monitoring/techniques.html#seismic_monitoring
USGS. 2002. Volcano Hazards Program: “Strategy for Reducing Volcanic Risk”. vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Hazards/RiskPosters/RiskPoster2.pdf
USGS. 2004. Fact Sheet 100-03: “Tracking Changes in Yellowstone's Restless Volcanic System” http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs100-03/