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The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

Latins- Early settlers of RomeEtruscans- Northern Italy

Eventually take control of Rome and build it into a great city.Build it on 7 hills for protection.Only good spot to cross the Tiber River

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Early RomansEarly Romans

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Roman SocietyRoman Society

Patricians- wealthy landowners that

controlled the republic. They were exempt from military service and led a comfortable life.

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The PlebeiansThe Plebeians

The common people.Allowed to take part in the assembly, but had less power than the Senate.Twelve Tables- 451 BCE

Plebeians have Roman laws written.Gives common people some protection against unfair patrician decisions.

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300 member council of patricians that made laws and served Rome.

It was the most powerful part of The Republic.It was one of the three branches of government in the constitution of the Roman Republic.

The SenateThe Senate

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Superior due to its Superior due to its discipline and discipline and organization.organization.

Used a tight battle Used a tight battle formation originally formation originally developed by Greeks.developed by Greeks.

Opponents used mob Opponents used mob warfare.warfare.

Legion- basic army unit.Legion- basic army unit.

The Roman ArmyThe Roman Army

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The Punic WarsThe Punic Wars264-202 BCE- Series of wars between Rome and Carthage

Carthage- N. African city founded by Phoenicians.

First Punic WarRome- superior armyCarthage- superior navyRome gains Sicily- makes a province (territory outside of Italy).

Second Punic WarHannibal invades Italy.

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Carthaginian Carthaginian generalgeneralInvades Italy from Invades Italy from the north via the the north via the Alps w/ 32 Alps w/ 32 elephants.elephants.Battle of CannaeBattle of Cannae

Hannibal’s invasion destroyed the farms.

HannibalHannibal

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How did Rome maintain its alliances with former enemies?

1. Granted Roman citizenship to allies.2. Allowed allies to keep local govt.3. Gave protection and maintained order

in Italy.

Roman AlliancesRoman Alliances

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Reforms Rome1. Named Pater Patriae ("Father of the Fatherland"). 2. Lowered taxes.3. Makes governors responsible to him.4. Grants citizenship to conquered peoples.5. Stacks Senate with pals

March 15, 44 BCE- Caesar assassinatedStabbed on the Senate floor

Brutus “et tu Brute?!?”His bro-in-law Cassius

Beware the Ides of MarchDidn’t listen to warningUnguarded/Unprotected/Unarmed

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

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Octavian becomes Caesar Octavian becomes Caesar AugustusAugustus

31 BCE- creates the 31 BCE- creates the Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Allows Senate to keep Allows Senate to keep some power, but he some power, but he would retain sole would retain sole rulership.rulership.

Changes name to Changes name to AugustusAugustus

““honored and majestic”honored and majestic”

Takes title of Caesar Takes title of Caesar from his great uncle from his great uncle

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Pax RomanaPax Romana

““the Roman Peace”- 20-180 ADthe Roman Peace”- 20-180 AD

Period of peace and prosperity.Period of peace and prosperity.

Julio-Claudian dynastyJulio-Claudian dynasty

No real line of succession to the throne.No real line of succession to the throne.

First four emperors after Augustus were First four emperors after Augustus were either related to him or his wife.either related to him or his wife.

66 AD- Jews revolt against Rome.Jerusalem captured and Holy Temple is destroyed.Masada- 1000 Jews take refuge in a mountain fortress.

2 year siege- falls to Rome in 73 AD.All the Jews inside commit suicide.

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Judean revoltJudean revolt

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HadrianHadrian

117-138 ADDevoted to protecting the Empire, rather than expanding it.Creates Palestine out of Jewish territory.

Encourages non-Jews to live there.

Empire stretched from Asia Minor to the Danube and Rhine Rivers to Great Britain.Roman Prosperity

New roads, drained swamps, irrigation systems for the deserts.

Roman CitizenshipBy 212 AD, virtually all free people in the Empire became Roman citizens.

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The height of the Roman The height of the Roman empireempire