THE ROMAN REPUBLIC509 -27 BCE

ROMAN TIMELINERoman History

The Roman Republic, Empire, Rise of Christianity, and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Romulus

and Remus

“found”

Rome

753 BC

476 AD

Fall of

Western

Roman

Empire

|

509 BC

Birth of

the Roman

Republic

Twelve

Tables

published

450 BC

||

265 BC

Rome

rules Italy

south of

Po River

Three Punic

Wars vs.

Carthage

264-146 BC

||

215-168 BC

Three

Macedonian

Wars vs. Greece

Augustus

(Octavian) rules

as first Emperor

27 BC -14 AD

|

Caesar’s conquest

of Gaul

58-50 BC

||

~33 AD

Jesus of

Nazareth

crucified

|

49-45 BC

Roman Civil War

PAX ROMANA

27 BC -180 AD

||

~35-67 AD

Paul of Tarsus

spreads

Christianity

Reign of

Constantine

306-337 AD

||

395 AD

Christianity

becomes official

religion of

Roman Empire

|

284-305 AD

Reign of

Diocletian

|

452 AD

Huns invade

Italy

Visigoths

sack Rome

410 AD

|

Vandals

invade

Rome

455 AD

|Republic

Adriat ic

Sea

TyrrhenianSea

IonianSea

Corsica

Sardinia

Sicily

RomeVeii

Tarentum

Messana

NaplesCumae

Brindisi

Thurii

SyracuseCarthage

Po R.

Al p s

Apennine Mts.

ETRURIA

GAUL

ILLYRIA

LATIUM

MAGNA

GRAECIA(GREAT

GREECE)

Capua

SAMNITES

SABINES

CAMPANIA

TiberR.

RubiconR.

Mediterranean Sea

0 100 200 Miles

0 100 200 300 Kilometers

m05-01.eps

I. GEOGRAPHY

A. Geographical advantages to Rome

Rome built on the banks of the Tiber RiverEasy access to the seaCentrally located for tradeProtected by the Alps and MediterraneanFertile land

II. FOUNDATIONS OF ROME

A. Legend of Romulus and Remus

B. Settlers learned from the Etruscans

C. 509 B.C.- threw out Kings to create a republic

Romulus supposedly said “…it is heaven’s will that my Rome shall be capital of the world. Let them learn to be soldiers. Let

them know and teach their children that no power on earth can stand against Roman arms.”

III. REPUBLIC 509-27 BCE

A. Established a Republic definition: a form of government where people vote for their leaders who make decisions and pass lawsHad a constitution

in 450 BCE all laws written down = Twelve Tablescitizens elected government officialsGov. provided checks and balances

III. REPUBLIC CONT.

B. Citizen ArmyALL male citizens volunteered for army Valued strength, honor and commitment to serve Romelarge military very disciplined & well trained

MESOPOTAMIA

GALATIA

TARRACONENSIS

ACHAEA

12 B.C.E.–9 C.E.

HADRIAN'SWALL

Red Sea

Rhône R.

Rhine R.

Elbe R.

Danube R.

Tigris R.

Euphrates R.

Nile R

.

Baltic Sea

Ostia

Po R.

SPAIN

AtlanticOcean

North Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea Caspian Sea

Tarsus

Nazareth

Londinium

Colonia Agrippinensis

Massilia(Marseilles)

CarthageSyracuse

Tarentum

Rome

Athens

Pergamum

Byzantium

Cyrene

AlexandriaBabylonJerusalem

Naples

PANNONIA

ITALYNARBONENSIS

AQUITANIA

MAURITANIA NUMIDIA

CYRENAICA

EGYPT

AFRICA

JUDAEA

SYRIA

ARMENIA

CAPPADOCIA

DACIAREGNUM

BOSPORUS

THRACE

MACEDONIA

ILLYRIA

GREECE

PARTHIANEMPIRE

ARABIA

NORICUMRHAETIAGAUL

LUGDENENSIS

BELGICAGERMANIA

BAETICA

LUSITANIA

BRITAINHIBERNIA

SCOTLAND

Caucasus Mts.

Pyrenees

Alps

Taurus Mts.

Corsica

Sardinia

Sicily

Crete Cyprus

Balearic Island

s

0 300 600 Miles

0 300 600 900 Kilometers

Roman Empire at the endof Augustus’ reign, 14C.E.

Roman Empire at the endof Trajan's reign, 117C.E.

Byzantium

Nicomedia

Black Sea

Sea ofMarmara

Hellespont

Bosporus

m05-03.eps

C. Republic Expandedgrowth in population=need for more land expanded through Europe & North Africa

D. Expansion led to declineExpansion = Death of Republic powerful generals take over and there is lots of fightingultimately Julius Caesar is victorious over others – named Dictator for Life in 44 BCE

III. REPUBLIC CONT.