40

THE ROLE OF LOCAL ELITE IN THE PROCESS OF EXPANSION IN THE DISTRICT

OF PANCUNG SOAL PESISIR SELATAN REGENCY WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE

Hyronimus Rowa

Astika Ummy Athahirah

Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri

Indonesia

I. Introduction

A. Background

Indonesia is a unitary state,

independent and sovereign legally. As

contained in Chapter I of the Constitution of

1945 (UUD 1945) that "Indonesia is the

Unitary State of the Republic". Governance

Implementation in Indonesia divided into the

central government and local governments.

The central government has the highest

authority in governing and leading the entire

country, while the local government has

fully responsible for the central government

through the division of authority between the

central and local governments.

The Law Number 32 of 2004 has

changed paradigm towards a centralized

government system into decentralized

system of government. A paradigm shift is

occurring in order to realize a democratic

government and as the solution for all

problems that have shackled this nation that

occurred when the centralization was

implemented in Indonesia. The

implementation of decentralization

addressed in order to improve efficiency and

effectiveness of governance, because

decentralization can reduce the accumulation

of power in the central government.

Decentralization is a vehicle for

political education for people in the local,

because it is intended to engage and train

citizens to use their democratic rights in

policy making process for the local and

national interest. The democratic rights of

the communities currently used as an

instrument to increase public participation.

The Aspirations of community in

the implementation of development in

Indonesia is not only coming from the

central government but also the local

government through approach was top-

down and bottom-up, its meaning that public

has understood their needs and potentials to

be developed in order to accelerate

development in Indonesia so it will increase

the positive competition for each region in

providing services to the local governments

and improving the quality and quantity of

public service.

Decentralization in reformation era

has created the concept of local autonomy as

the right, authority, and duty to regulate

autonomous regions and manage their own

affairs and interests of local communities in

accordance with the legislation. Local

autonomy in Indonesia is applied with

autonomy and responsible which based on

the principles of democracy, participation,

and aspirations of community as the basis of

equity and fairness and in accordance with

the conditions, potential, and regional

diversity.

Local autonomy has caused the

authority and control of the central

government reduced susceptibility, so it

hopes to create the accelerated growth and

local development, balanced development

between regions in Indonesia and

encouraged the creation of local

independence in optimizing the development

of local potential in order to increase the

local competitiveness towards the creation

of good governance.

The consequence of Local

Autonomy in Indonesia is the number of

regions in Indonesia doing regional

expansion. The concept of regional

expansion is oriented in to develop the local

democracy effort through to share of power

41

at the smaller level and vulnerable cope with

the distance control between local

government and local communities so that

the area be given the opportunity to perform

equitable development.

Decentralization policy should have

triggered expansion policy in various

regions in Indonesia as it has been role

Government Regulation Number 78 of 2007

on the procedures for the Establishment,

Abolition, and local Merger. The Expansion

of an area should start from the expansion of

the lower level such as the village/Nagari in

West Sumatra and other terms, district, until

now Indonesia has 34 provinces, followed

by other region expansion in Indonesia.

Expansion efforts of Renah Indo

Jati from its original district, Pesisir Selatan

has started since 2000 until now. Expansion

effort has fulfilled the requirements of the

division of an area as defined in Regulation

Number. 78 of 2007 concerning the

procedures of establishment, deletion, and

merging of regions including the division of

sub-districts as further stipulated in

Government Regulation Number 19 of 2008

concerning both the requirements of sub-

district administrative, technical, and

physical territorial.

The Struggles of Renah Indo Jati

expansion are:

In 2000, Started with Public Forum meeting

of Tigo Lurah in Tapan This meeting

recognized the needs for sub-district division

for being an autonomy district.

In 2002, the community leaders of Pancung

Soal former made a meeting in Padang and

the Conclusion was the formation of

presidium for the district division, as an

organization that focus on expansion efforts.

On October 13, 2003, delivering the

aspiration to the Local Government of

Pesisir Selatan District, which was attended

by Vice Regent and Regional Secretary of

Pesisir Selatan, Chairman and Vice-

Chairman of the Regional Representatives

Council (DPRD) of Pesisir Selatan District .

On February 28, 2004, Niniak Mamak

Kenagarian Tapan had awarded 200

hectares of vacant land that was designated

for government center building of Renah

Indo Jati.

On March 12, 2004, the delivery of profile

of Renah Indo Jati District Formation.

On July 28, 2004, Presidium represented the

candidate profil of Renah Indo Jati District

in front of the Regional Representatives

Council (DPRD) of Pesisir Selatan at

special plenary session.

On October 2004, the government published

Law Number 32 of 2004, so that the

expansion can be carried out if it had 3

districts.

On October 2007 the government published

the Regulation Number 78 of 2007 about

procedures of formation and removal areas,

which required candidates regions have 5

sub districts.

On March 2, 2009, the local government

explained that they had budgeted the

operational as much as Rp.170.000.000 to

do research for the formation of Renah Indo

Jati District.

On March 10, 2009, the presidium met

Pesisir Selatan Regent to explain the

proposal to continue the expansion process

that had exposed 2.5 month before

Parliament.

On March 20, 2009, the Regent published

decision letter No.200/130/KPL/BPT-

PS/2009 about the Formation of expansion

Team and the regent in charge.

On March 2009, the presidium with IKAPSO

Jakarta, visited Otoda DG Home Affairs, to

suggest that expansion was in accordance

with Regulation Number 78 of 2007.

On July 2009, Presidium submitted to

Regent and Parliament of Pesisir Selatan

through the Nagari and Bamus

Representatives with a covering letter

Number. 071/PPRIJ/07/2009 dated July 22,

42

2009. (www.petisionline.net accessed 22

November 2013)

In order to face the expansion of

Renah Indo Jati district, village expansion

was done in 2011.

Table-1

Distribution of Nagari Government in 2011 at Pesisir Selatan District

SUB-DISTRICT BEFORE EXPANSION ADDITION IN 2011

1 2 3

a. Koto XI Tarusan

b. Bayang

c. Bayang Utara

d. IV Jurai

e. Batang Kapas

f. Sutera

g. Lengayang

h. Ranah Pesisir

i. Linggo Sari Baganti

j. Pancung Soal

k. Basa Ampek Balai Tapan

l. Lunang Silaut

12 Nagari

4 Nagari

4 Nagari

6 Nagari

5 Nagari

4 Nagari

9 Nagari

4 Nagari

8 Nagari

8 Nagari

8 Nagari

5 Nagari

11 Nagari

13 Nagari

2 Nagari

14 Nagari

4 Nagari

8 Nagari

-

6 Nagari

9 Nagari

12 Nagari

12 Nagari

15 Nagari

Source: General Administration Section at Regional Secretariat of Pesisir

Selatan 2013.

The expansion from 3 out of 12

districts is made after expanded 106 villages

in Pesisir Selatan District. In Article 6 of

Government Regulation Number 19 of 2008

explained that "The coverage of districts

formation for at least the district consists of

10 villages/urban/ Nagari".

Establishment of districts has

already fulfilled the requirements both

parent and expansion districts that have at

least 10 government villages/Nagari.

Table-2

List of original subdistricts and sub-division in 2012

43

ORIGINAL

SUB-DISTRICT GOVERNANCE OF NAGARI

1 2

Pancung Soal

Sub-District

1. Governance of Nagari Inderapura.

2. Governance of Nagari Kudo kudo Inderapura.

3. Governance of Nagari Simpang Lama Inderapura.

4. Governance of Nagari Tiga Sepakat Inderapura.

5. Governance of Nagari Inderapura Tengah.

6. Governance of Nagari Inderapura Barat.

7. Governance of Nagari Muara Sakai Inderapura.

8. Governance of Nagari Teluk Amplu Inderapura.

9. Governance of Nagari Tigo Sungai Inderapura.

10. Governance of Nagari Inderapura Selatan.

Basa Ampek Balai Tapan

Sub-District 1. Governance of Nagari Bukit Buai Tapan.

2. Governance of Nagari Ampang Tulak Tapan.

3. Governance of Nagari Riak Danau Tapan.

4. Governance of Nagari Batang Betung Tapan.

5. Governance of Nagari Pasar Tapan.

6. Governance of Nagari Batang Arah Tapan

7. 7. Governance of Nagari Tanjung Pondok Tapan.

8. Governance of Nagari Koto Enau Tapan.

9. Governance of Nagari Tapan.

10. Governance of Nagari Dusun Baru Tapan

1 2

Lunang Silaut Sub-District

1. Governance of Nagari Lunang.

2. Governance of Nagari Pondok Parian Lunang.

3. Governance of Nagari Lunang Tengah.

4. Governance of Nagari Lunang Utara.

5. Governance of Nagari Lunang Satu.

6. Governance of Nagari Lunang Selatan.

44

7. Governance of Nagari Lunang Barat.

8. Governance of Nagari Lunang Dua.

9. Governance of Nagari Lunang Tiga.

10. Governance of Nagari Sindang Lunang.

EXPANSION SUB-

DISTRICT GOVERNANCE OF NAGARI

Air Pura Sub-District 1. Governance of Nagari Inderapura Utara.

2. Governance of Nagari Muara Inderapura.

3. Governance of Nagari Damar Lapan Batang Inderapura.

4. Governance of Nagari Lalang Panjang Inderapura.

5. Governance of Nagari Palokan Inderapura.

6. Governance of Nagari Lubuk Betung Inderapura.

7. Governance of Nagari Tluk Kualo Inderapura.

8. Governance of Nagari Tanah Bakali Inderapura.

9. Governance of Nagari Inderapura Timur.

10. Governance of Nagari Pulau Rajo Inderapura.

Ranah Ampek Hulu Tapan

Sub-district

1

1. Governance of Nagari Sungai Gambir Sako Tapan.

2. Governance of Nagari Limau Purut Tapan.

3. Governance of Nagari Talang Balarik Tapan.

4. Governance of Nagari Tebing Tinggi Tapan.

5. Governance of Nagari Binjai Tapan.

6. Governance of Nagari Sungai Pinang Tapan.

2

7. Governance of Nagari Talang Koto Pulai Tapan.

8. Governance of Nagari Kampung Tengah Tapan.

9. Governance of Nagari Kubu Tapan.

10. Governance of Nagari Simpang Gunung Tapan

45

Silaut Sub-District

1. Governance of Nagari Silaut.

2. Governance of Nagari Sungai Sirah.

3. Governance of Nagari Sungai Sarik.

4. Governance of Nagari Sungai Pulai.

5. Governance of Nagari Pasir Binjai.

6. Governance of Nagari Talang Binjai.

7. Governance of Nagari Durian Seribu.

8. Governance of Nagari Lubuk Bunta.

9. Governance of Nagari Air Hitam.

10. Governance of Nagari Sambuang.

Source: General Administration Section at Regional Secretariat of Pesisir Selatan,2013.

The planning of Lunang Silaut expansion

by Silaut formation has caused Lunang

Silaut name was changed/replaced with the

name Lunang.

Sub-Districts expansion still get some

problems, it is related to the requirements

that must be fulfilled. If we look closely, it

turns out the administrative requirements of

this Sub-district expansion is not in

accordance with the established. Especially

in the process of splitting Sub-Districts. As

stipulated in Government Regulation

Number 19 of 2008 concerning districts In

Chapter II Article 4(b) has explained that the

"Age Limit Implementation of village

government and or / villages that will be

formed into Sub-District must be 5 (five)

years minimum".

Implementation of the Sub-District

division beheaded Problem is not in

accordance with these rules. Redistricting

districts only one year later after separation

villages implemented. So it only took one

year to convince the central government that

Pesisir Selatan District is eligible to become

a district divided Renah Indo Jati. The

question is whether the one-year period to

ensure the achievement of indicators

assessing the division of a district plan?

The Problems of Sub districts

expansion become the main discussion of

underlying district expansion, because Sub

district expansion time in this case is not

suitable with Government Regulation. This

expansion planning both at nagari, Sub

district to district is inseparable from the role

of government and the involvement of local

elites in speeding up the expansion process,

required an enormous effort to create Renah

Indo Jati.

The prominent role of Local elites in

this case is the local elite from Pancung Soal

Sub District which has now expanded into

Air Pura District. The local elites are given

legitimacy and significant trust from the

public as well as being the prime mover in

the process of Sub District expansion.

46

The parties involved directly or

indirectly in this process are the stakeholders

(local stakeholders) starting from the village

level to the Sub district, including the

participation of third parties such as the

entrepreneur from Palm Oil Processing

Company (CPO), Inkasi Raya that provides

support for the expansion of this Sub district

through the funding help as much as

possible to accelerate the expansion and

support from nomads origin of Pesisir

Selatan District.

B. Problems

1. Problems Identification

Taking into the descriptions above,

as for the problems that can be identified are

as follows:

a. Renah Indo Jati Expansion imposed as a

result of many demands from people in three

Sub districts (Pancung Soal Sub District,

Basa Ampek Balai Tapan Sub District and

Lunang Silaut Sub District).

b. The demand for this expansion is due to the

public from three Subdistricts in Pesisir

Selatan difficult in getting good service,

mileage to the capital center of Pesisir

Selatan in Painan relatively far away, and it

takes many hours to reach it.

c. Lack of places provider for public facilities

in the three Sub districts as health facilities

(hospitals), inadequate educational facilities

so that parents tend to send their children in

capital district.

d. Central tendency for economic growth and

government in the capital, so public affairs

should be flocking to the capital of the

district which is relatively far away.

e. Several people judge that development

efforts is just for an area that close to capital

center, so a lot of areas in the three Sub

districts were not touched by the government

for development efforts. As we know, this

Sub districts have been the mainstay of

Pesisir Selatan. Actually Lunang Silaut has

ultimate potential of oil palm plantations

which has contributed for the largest revenue

In Pesisir Selatan.

f. This Expansion impressed in force, from

Sub district division already accordance with

the Government Regulation Number 19 of

2008 about Sub district. Primarily associated

with administrative requirements can not be

fulfilled.

g. The regulation has been clearly established

that the administrative requirements for sub-

district division is at least 5 (five) years, but

in fact in one year Sub districts can already

expansion.

h. In an effort to accelerate the expansion from

the level of village/nagari, sub-district, to

district will certainly not be separated from

the role of local elite. Sub district expansion

gets strongly influence from local elites,

especially the local elite in Pancung Soal as

the prime mover in the expansion process.

i. The Efforts to accelerate the expansions

considered as an effort to fulfill some

needed who would get benefit from this

expansion.

2. Problem Limitation

Limitation problem which is used

by the author in narrowing the scope of

observation is how the role of local elites in

the process of Pancung Soal Sub District

expansion at Pesisir Selatan District, West

SumateraProvince.

3. Problem Formulation

a. How is the role of local elites in the process

of Expansion of towards Pancung Soal Sub

District at Pesisir Selatan District, West

Sumatera Povince.

b. What factors that encourage the local elites

on handling a role in expansion process of

Pancung Soal at Pesisir Selatan District,

West Sumatera Province.

4. Purpose and Objectives

This internship intends to seek

information related to the role of local elites

in the process of Pancung Soal Sub District

expansion at Pesisir Selatan District, West

Sumatera Province.

5. Definition of Roles

Role is a dynamic aspect of a

position where the person carrying out the

rights and obligations. There is no role

without position or Position without role.

This role will determine what he had done

for the community and what opportunities

47

given by the people. The importance of this

role is because it arranges someone's

behavior where is role governed by the

applicable norms.

According Soekanto (2009:213) states

that:

Inherent Role in a person must be

distinguished by the position in the

community association. Someone’s position

in society (social position) is a static element

that indicates where the individual in

society. The role indicates more functions,

adjustment, and as a process.Thus, a person

is occupying a position in the community

and run a role.The role may include three

things, as follows:

a. The role includes norms associated with

one's position or place in society. Role in

this sense is a series of rules that guide a

person's social life.

b. The role is a concept of what can be done by

individuals in the community as an

organization.

c. The role can also be regarded as individual

behaviors that are important to the social

structure of society.

The role is basically a set of

expected behavior in accordance with a

person's social position given both formally

and informally. The role is based on the

prescription (stipulation) and role

expectations that explain what people should

do in a given situation in order to fulfill their

expectations or other people's expectations

concerning the role.

According to Pareto (1848-1923) in

SP. Varma (2010:200) states that:

Every society is ruled by a small group of

people who have the qualities and necessary

for their presence on the social and political

power. They were able to reach the center of

the best power. They are known as elites.

Elites are the people who succeed, who are

able to occupy high office and in society.

They are consists of lawyers, mechanics,

rogues or mistresses.

The formation of this elite group

is due to the unrest and changes in

community structure that also involves

changes in the position of social groups that

have a role in determining direction and

motion changes. So, that’s where the leading

class (elite) position and important role.

Not all of communities are able to

take part and desire to fight for the group,

but the existence of persons in a group or

organization community and appear to have

more value as a leader actively fight for

group orientation. In the context of local

politics, they also appear special elite and

called as local elite.

Local elites are leading people in

the community who usually sits as a leader

of community organizations and often sent

by a group of people, attending the event to

take a decision in the process of Sub District

Expansion. The local elite will play a role in

local politics and change in society, for

example in terms of regional expansion. In

these observations, the elite group whose

role is seen as seeking Pancung Soal Sub

District expansion.

According Makagansa (2008:17)

states that "the term 'regional expansion' is

now commonly used to describe the

phenomenon of the increase speed for the

new autonomous regions in Indonesia

"According Wasistiono et al (2009:37) states

that:

The formation of New Sub districts should

be done with the service closer to the

community grounds, improving peace and

order, as well as accelerate the development

potential of the area. The point is to further

accelerate the improvement of people's

welfare. In addition, policy formation based

on the township area, population, and

potential.

Some provinces, districts and cities

in Indonesia illustrate that the construction

of the organization unit, sub-district

administration has not been evenly

distributed, especially in the regions that

have relatively long distance from the Sub

district office. So government service has

not touched the sub district society and the

large potential has not managed optimally,

as a result happen community service gaps

and development in Sub district.

48

The alternatives policy that can be

taken is to strengthen Sub district and the

formation of new Sub districts in region

working of Sub district government.

Sub-district was formed in

district/city with local regulations and based

on the Government Regulation Number 19

of 2008 concerning of Sub districts.

Establishment of Sub districts in this case is

granting status for a specific region as a sub-

district in the district/city. Establishment of

Sub districts can be 1 to 2 or more districts,

and/or pooling rural areas and / or village of

a few Sub districts.

The main goal of Expansion at

government level at the village, Sub district,

District and Provincial levels is to create

welfare and empowerment of communities

rely on local government potential, including

economic centers of the good folk of

agriculture, commerce, home industries, in

order accommodate the people aspirations

who proposed the creation of New districts.

Law Number 32 of 2004 on Local

Governance explains the meaning Sub

districts are "Working area of Sub district

head as the tool of Regional District and

City”. Therefore, District receives a portion

of the authority delegated by the Regional

Head. Besides, the districts are as

coordinator in implementation of public

administration tasks.

Sub district is an administrative

territorial division in Indonesia under district

or city. Sub district consists of the villages,

or villages are further described in the

Government Regulation No. 19 of 2008 that

"The position of the sub-district is district /

city as a regional technical implementers

who have specific working area and led by

the sub district head". Thus, in the context of

regional autonomy in Indonesia, Sub district

is a regional work unit of districts/cities that

have a specific work area, led by a sub-

district head.

(1) Law Number 41 of 2007 on regional

organization has been explained in article 17

that: District is a working area as the

regional head of sub district and district area

of the city.

(2) Sub-district head has the tasks of

government authority delegated by the

regent / mayor to handle the affairs of

regional autonomy.

(3) Sub-district head as referred to subsection (

2 ) also hold general administration tasks

include :

a. Coordinate community development

activities;

b. Coordinate efforts to create peace and public

order;

c. Coordinate the implementation and

enforcement of legislation;

d. Coordinate the maintenance of infrastructure

and public service facilities;

e. Coordinate the implementation of

government activities at the district level;

f. Fostering rural governance and / or village,

and

g. Implement community service into the

scope of their duties and / or which can not

be implemented village government /

village.

II. Methods

According Silalahi ( 2012:12 ) says

that "The method is an orderly way to

achieve a desired purpose". As scientific

efforts, the method concern on problem to

understand how the object was subjected to

the science in question. Therefore, the

method can be interpreted as a way to

approach, observe, and explain a

phenomenon by using a theoretical basis.

Method in a strict sense only relate to

the design of the study which includes data

collection procedures and data analysis

techniques so that research method refers to

the way in terms of what the research study

was designed and the procedures through

what the data is analyzed. While in a broad

sense, Method of research is a systematic

manner and organized procedure to

investigate a specific problem with the

purpose of obtaining information to be used

as a solution to the problem.

According Arikunto (2010:203)

states that "Research methods are methods

used by researchers to collect data research".

While Sugiyono (2013:3) also said that, "in

49

general the methods of scientific research is

defined as a way to get the data with the

specific purpose and usefulness".

Methods of data collection activities

are activities undertaken in internships that

using certain ways and procedures to get the

data and information needed in order to

achieve the objectives of the internship.

Methods of data collection in internship will

guide researchers about the execution

sequence apprentice. So, in this case we are

talking about how a study done sequentially,

what tools and procedures used consisting of

a research problem determination, analysis

of data, and making recommendations as a

result of the internship .

The method used in this internship is

a method of explorative research.

Explorative research is one part of a study

conducted by research purposes in addition

to describe and to explain is to explore. So

that exploratory research is used to identify

the properties of a phenomenon or event.

Exploration or assessment is intended to

know and understand a social phenomenon.

Therefore, this research will relate to the

question "what".

According Silalahi (2012:26)

explains that:

Exploratory study sought crawl or describe

what happened, including who, when, where

or relating to or characteristic of the

symptoms of social problems, either pattern,

shape, size and distribution. These questions

aimed to determine a symptom or event by

doing an assessment on various matters

relating to the symptoms. Scoping is not

done in a systematic and controlled, in the

sense not based on hypotheses and sample in

exact numbers. This assessment is done by

the snowball technique. Through the

information gathered, social problems will

be more clearly investigated.

Exploratory research can develop a

cleare concept in determining priorities and

improve the design of the final research

conducted as a feasibility study to examine

whether the research can be done from there

or can be obtained in terms of data, power,

and financial problems so that it can be seen

as well as an undefined variable. According

to Tan in Silalahi (2012:26) that:

Research that is exploring, aims to deepen

the knowledge of a particular symptom or

get new ideas about the symptoms, with a

view to formulate a more detailed problem

or to develop hypotheses. In this case the

problem is very open and there is no

hypothesis.

While Mardalis (2010:25) states that:

This study aimed to explore new

relationships contained in a broad and

complex issue. This study also aims to

collect data as much as possible. Having

analyzed the results could be expected for

subsequent research hypotheses and

exploratory research itself was not wearing a

hypothesis, because of the complex data not

likely to be studied can not be formulated or

prepared hypothesis.

Thus, exploratory study using an

inductive approach departing from the

exploration of the empirical facts on the

ground are then formulated and linked to

theoretical studies relevant or appropriate to

produce general conclusions.

Associated with titles that have been

submitted, then the assessment will be made

to "The Role of Local Elite in the Process

Expansion of Pancung Soal Subdistrict at

Pesisir Selatan District, West Sumatra

Province". So it transpired how the process

of expansion and the role of local elites in

the division process.

According Arikunto (2010:172)

stated that the source of the data in a study is

"the subject of where the data was obtained".

Data used in the study are as follows:

1. Primary data

Primary data is data obtained directly

from the source or the respondent either by

interview or questionnaire. According

Subagyo (2011:87) argues that: Obtaining

50

primary data itself categorically from the

community and still require further analysis.

Data obtained from respondents who are still

very innocent, does not cover up or replace

by his mind, he is told according to or he

sees himself in accordance with the actual

situation is a pure data . Besides, there is no

pure data where the information is tailored

to the way his mind so that the information

is more diplomatic. Both primary

information in the data does not affect the

study because the results are returned that

whenever he talks with respondents remain

as a source.

The source of primary data collected in this study

are:

a. Data on local elites involved in the

Expansion process of Pancung Soal

Subdistrict.

b. Data on the factors that encourage the local

elite role in the expansion process of

Pancung Soal Subdistrict.

2 . Secondary Data

Secondary data is useful data to

researchers because these data were obtained

from the documents and contains

information relating to the data obtained in

the field. According Subagyo (2011:88)

explains that:

Data obtained from or derived from the

literature as secondary data. This data is

typically used to complete the primary data,

given that the primary data can be regarded

as existing practice data directly into

practice in the field or in the field due to the

application of a theory. To view the

application conception should reflect back

into the relevant theories, thus the need for

secondary data as an integrator.

The data will be sought this time is

the data in the form of a document about the

expansion process of Pancung Soal Sub

district and their local elites involved in the

process of this expansion.

Distribution of Data Source based on

subjects where the data was obtained divided

into three namely:

a. Person, which is the data source that can

provide data in the form of verbal answers

through interviews or written response

through questionnaires.

b. Place, which is the data source that presents

the appearance of being still and moving. In

the quiescent state, for example the room,

completeness tools, objects form, colors and

others. While in motion, for example,

activity, performance, vehicle speed,

rhythm, singing, dance, dish soap opera

teaching and learning activities, and so forth.

This study took place in Pancung Soal sub

district, Pesisir Selatan district.

c. Paper, which presents the data source signs

contain letters, numbers, images or other

symbols. The data is obtained through

documentation.

3. Informants

According Bungin (2007:76)

"Informant of qualitative research is the

subject who understand the information of

research object as the offender and others

who understand the object of study".

Informants were used in these observations were 23 people, namely:

1. Head of Pancung Soal Sub district :1 Person

2. Head of Department Governance :1 Person

at Regional Secretariat of Pesisir Selatan

3. Members of Local Representative :2 People

from Pancung Soal

4. Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) of Inderapura : 3 People

5. Chairman of the Consultative Body (Bamus)

Bamus Chairman in Parent Region : 2 People

Bamus Chairman in Redistricting Region : 2 People

6. Wali Nagari

Wali Nagari in parent region : 2 People

Wali Nagari in Redistricting region : 2 People

51

7. Expansion Committee : 3 People

8. Society : 5 People

Number of Informants : 23 People

The researcher reason choose

respondents due to the respondents above

considered capable and understanding the

issue and engage directly or indirectly in the

process of expansion of the District of

beheading Problem.

III. General Conditions of Pancung Soal Sub

district

A. Main Duties and Functions of Pancung

Soal Sub district in Pesisir Selatan District

Based on the Pesisir Selatan

District Regulation No. 16 Year 2010 on the

Establishment of Organization and Work In

Pesisir Selatan District (which has been

converted into a Regional Regulation No. 11

of 2012) and followed up by decree No. 38

of 2010 concerning the District Job

Description Details on Coastal District

South is the implementation of the

Government, Development, Community

Service, Community Life Coaching and

Delegation of Authority Regent in Sub

district.

Regent Regulation Number. 38 Year

2010 regarding the details in the Job

Description District of Pesisir Selatan

District has explained the details and the

task summaries Sub district. In the process

of Pancung Soal Sub district expansion, the

head of sub district and apparatus have

important tasks, among others:

1. Coordinate, develop and direct the

activities of Pancung Soal Sub district

expansion;

2. Monitor and evaluate the progress of

Pancung Soal Sub district expansion;

3. Formulate and implement policies in

the sub district areas.

FIGURE-1

PANCUNG SOALSUB DISTRICT ORGANIZATION

(Regional Regulation No. 11 of2012)

C A M A T

Ali Nasril,S.Sos,M.Si

a

SEKRETARIS

Surmayenti,S.Sos

SUBBAG. UMUM &

KEPEGAWAIAN

Indrawati

SUBBAG PERENCANAAN &PELAPORAN

Martius

SUBBAG KEUANGAN

Masjidil

SEKSI PEMERINTAHAN & TRANTIB

Mulyadi

SEKSI EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN

AmrizalChaniago

SEKSI KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL

Barulih, S.Sos

SEKSI ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN

Irwansyah,S.Kom

52

Source: Pancung Soal Sub district 2013

B. Government Apparatus of Pancung Soal Sub District

Apparatus plays an important role in an organization because of the capacity and quality of

government personnel in an organization influence the success in achieving the goals of the

organization. Government Apparatus in Pancung Soal Sub district until 2013 amounted to 21

people. Details of Pancung Soal Sub district apparatus by rank and class.

Table 3.12

List of Employee Name, Position, Class, and Echelon at Pancung Soal Sub district, Pesisir

Selatan District in 2013

No. Name Position Class Echelon

1 2 3 4 5

1. Ali Nasril,S.Sos,M.Si Head of Sub district IV/b III.a

2. Surmayenti,S.Sos Sekretarisof Sub district IV/a III.b

3. AmrizalChaniago Head of Economic

Development Section

III/d IV.a

4. Barulih,S.Sos Head of Social welfare

Section

III/c IV.a

5. Mulyadi Head of Government Section III/c IV.a

6. IrwansyahAP,S.Kom Head of populating

administration Section

III/b IV.a

7. Indrawati Head of public sub part III/b IV.b

8. Masjidil Head of Finance Sub-Part III/a IV.b

9. Martius Head of Planning Sub-part III/b IV.b

10. Asneti Staff III/b -

11. RomiHarvika,SS Staff III/a -

12. Nofrizal Staff II/c -

13. Ifrizal, S.Pt Staff II/a -

14. Rama Yanti,S.Pd.I Staf - -

15. Yuliarni, S.Pd.I Staff - -

16. Sari Aswati Staf - -

17. AguswanIndra Staff - -

18. Afriko Sandra Staff - -

19. Suprianto, S.Kom Staff - -

20. Yuliadi Staff - -

21. Rika Sriwarda N,S.E Staff - -

Sumber: KecamatanPancung Soal 2013

The data above shows that many

employees at the sub district who have

completed their undergraduate education

although there is still a volunteer's status as

an effort that needs to be done to increase

the capacity of Administrative Resources

through formal education and training is

accompanied by an increase in facilities and

infrastructure apparatus in order to improve

quality service to the community.

In the expansion process of

Pancung Soal sub district, Apparatus

Resources at sub district government are

needed in increasing the facilities for sub

district expansion with the government of

Pesisir Selatan. The ability that has had by

53

apparatus will support to reach the

expansion objective.

In general, the staffing of

Pancung Soal Sub district can also be seen

as follows:

a. Conditions of Employment by Occupation:

(1) Head of Sub district/ Echelon III.a : 1 person

(2) Secretary of Sub District/Echelon III.B : 1

person

(3) Head of Section/Echelon IV.a : 4 people

(4) Head of Sub part/Echelon IV.B : 3 people

(5) Executive Staff : 2 people

b. Employment conditions based on Rank and

Class :

(1) Class IV : 2 people

(2) Class III : 9 people

(3) Class II : 2 people

c. Conditions of Employment by Level of

Education:

(1) Post Graduated /S2 : 1 person

(2) Under graduated/S1 : 9 people

(3) High school / equivalent : 11 people

C. The Phenomenon

Sub-district is the area that is

responsible for running tasks delegated by

the district. Delegation of authority here in

the sense that districts have the authority to

enforce the general government and public

service delivery. Seeing the sub district

authority, it is clear that the districts have a

position that is crucial for the provision of

public services.

Structuring appropriate regional

arrangements to achieve administrative

control range effectively and efficiency as

well as providing superior service to the

community is necessary in carrying out the

duties and authority of this district. Ideally,

the arrangements of the sub-districts in line

with the development of an area, so that

economic growth and progress of the region

can be enjoyed by society equally. In many

cases only show the various gaps between

the central government and relatively remote

area.

The Areas that are relatively far from

the center of government tend to be less able

to develop the potential of the area due to

limited facilities and infrastructure that they

own. In terms of public services also tend to

be neglected by their government because

the range remote control of the government.

These problems eventually led to a slow

growth region than in other regions.

The conditions of inequality region

also experienced by some sub district

located in Pesisir Selatan District.

Geographical conditions of Pesisir Selatan

district that extends from north to south also

has a significant influence to the span of

control of government for the territories

district located in the southern part. The

control range farther when we look from the

district capital position Painan located far to

the north.

Viewing from the geographical

conditions, some districts like Pancung Soal

Sub district, Basa Ampek Balai Tapan Sub

district, and Lunang Silaut Sub district is a

region that has a control range of

government is very far from the district.

Three districts of this region is an area with

huge potential for the plantation sector, there

is a proven especially plantations of oil palm

plantation development is very rapid in the

span of ten years, involving a wide range of

investors.

In terms of the population of each

district, has a sizeable amount as Pancung

Soal Sub district which has a population of

23,027 people, while the average distance

from each center Nagari districts in each

district was pretty much compounded by the

condition geographic quite heavy.

Administratively, Pancung Soal sub

district government has a number of strike

Problem village government (which is

equivalent to the rural/urban), which consist

of 20 Government of Nagari. The number of

villages Government is coordinated under

the reach of a range of as much as 20

administration districts Nagari, is clearly a

heavy burden for effect to the government

district ineffective and inefficiency of

government functions at sub districts. This

condition indicates the range of Government

services will be heavy, so the desire to do

some community districts expansion.

Sub-district expansion is quite urgent

as seen from population growth and

54

economic development that needs more

attention from the government. Thus, in the

sub-district expansion is not separated from

the role of local elites in Pancung Soal Sub

district to continue the acceleration process

of sub district expansion.

Local elites involved in the process

of this district expansion is composed of

local elites directly related to decision

making (ruled) that sub district and devices,

Guardians The device and its villages and

Nagari Consultative Division (Bamus) and

non- elite rule (effect) which consists of

Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) which has

common law authority, Ninik mamak, Alim

Ulama, Cadiak Pandai, Bundo Kanduang.

Youth and Leadership groups’ society

organizations.

The existence of influential elites is

highly appreciated by the public because

they gain the trust of the public role in

championing fully process this expansion.

The authors’ concluded that the

local elite involved in the process of Sub

district expansion is elite as well as the most

influential prime mover (pioneer) of Pesisir

Selatan district expansion compared to local

elites in the two other districts and this is

because Pancung Soal Sub district of society

entirely a native population of Pesisir

Selatan District, while residents in two other

districts mostly inhabited by migrants and

transmigration from Java island.

Pancung Soal Sub district has a

good Human Resources, it characterized by

the ability to argue that a very good and

some of them also a descendant of the Royal

Inderapura highly appreciated its existence.

Pancung Soal districts expansion

effort is actually indeed it is the duty of the

local elite is concerned both the ruling elite

and influential in voicing the aspirations of

the people in order to achieve the desired

objectives through a subsequent process of

splitting in Pancung Soal Sub district in

accordance with its duties and functions

which it aspires.

The process of sub district

expansion is also not separated from the one

variable that allows to drive the expansion

process, namely the interests of the local

political elite concerning the reach of power

through objective reasons to disguise the real

motivation, but it is basically the expansion

of Pancung Soal Sub district is motivated by

political interests in addition to realize the

achievement of the goal with the whole

community.