The Rising Power of European States Section 1 of Ch. 9 Transformations in European Culture.
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The Rising Power of European States Section 1 of Ch. 9 Transformations in European Culture
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Transcript of The Rising Power of European States Section 1 of Ch. 9 Transformations in European Culture.
The Rising Power of European
StatesSection 1 of Ch. 9
Transformations in European Culture
VocabularyO English Bill of RightsO Glorious RevolutionO AbsolutismO Absolute MonarchyO Oliver CromwellO English Civil War
Growing Wealth and Royal Power
O European countries colonized the “New World” to enhance wealth and prestige for the mother country
O Traded furs, fish, precious metals, tobacco, etc. which brought much wealth.
O Royal control and taxation increased royal power
King Louis XIV— “The Sun King”
O (1643-1715)O One of the most
successful monarchsO Had unlimited powerO Subjects were to
glorify himO Very extravagant;
nearly bankrupts country
O Influences many other monarchs
King Louis XIV’s palace
Growing wealth w/o Royal PowerO The Dutch Republic
O Had no centralized monarch, but built a vast economic empire through world trading. (Known as the Dutch East India Company)
O People owned “shares” in the company developing today’s stock market.
Growing Wealth w/ Limited Power
O England wanted to limit the power of the king.O England signed the Magna Carta in 1215
setting limits to the king’s power; Parliament est. 1215.
O James I (1603-1625) refused to work with the (already est.) Parliament (trying to take absolute power)
O Charles I (1625-1649) (James I’s son) believed the same as his father…but was also a Catholic and tried to force England and Scotland to become Catholic.
O This leads to the English Civil War (1642)
English Civil WarO B/t Charles I and the
people/Parliament of EnglandO Charles I wins for a little while; then
Parliament names Oliver Cromwell as leader of the army.
O Cromwell defeats Charles I and Parliament has him executed in 1649.
O Cromwell rules England until his death in 1658 (see Protectorate pg. 158)
After Cromwell dies…O Parliament asks Charles II (1660-1685) (son of
Charles I) to be king, but he continues with the same thinking as father and grandfather. (absolutism and Catholicism)
O Charles II makes alliances with French king Louis XIV.
O Charles II dies in 1685 leaving his brother, James II (1685-1688) to take the throne. (He is also like his father, but is tolerated b/c he is old and had no sons, but then his wife gives birth to a baby boy…dum dum dummmmmm)
The Glorious Revolution
O With the birth of a son for James II, Parliament (and the English people) feared a continuing of Catholic rulers.
O Parliament asks Mary (daughter of James II) and her husband William to rule (both are protestant).
O James II chooses not to fight for the throne and allows William and Mary to rule without any war or bloodshed! (Glorious Revolution!)
RulersO James I—Wanted absolute
power/CatholicO Charles I—wanted absolute
power/catholicO CromwellO Charles II—wanted absolute
power/catholicO James II—wanted absolute
power/catholicO William and Mary (1688—1702)—
protestants/encouraged to sign English Bill of Rights
English Bill of RightsO After W & M take the throne
Parliament asks them to sign the English Bill of rights, which sets limits on royal power and secured the basic civil liberties of the English people
O It also prevented another Catholic from taking the throne.
O England then moves away from a monarchy to a more representative government
Impact of Glorious Revolution
O This event is remembered by the English colonists living in America when Parliament and the king begin passing laws they felt violated the English Bill of Rights.
O Since there was no bloodshed in 1688, they were hoping that no bloodshed would occur in the 1770’s…However, this was not the case.
