The Rise of Dictators TOTALITARIANISM. Totalitarianism: A government that takes total, centralized,...
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Transcript of The Rise of Dictators TOTALITARIANISM. Totalitarianism: A government that takes total, centralized,...
The Rise of DictatorsThe Rise of Dictators
TOTALITARIANISMTOTALITARIANISM
Totalitarianism:
• A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life
• Totalitarian leaders provide appear to provide a sense of security and to give a direction for the future
• Utilizes secret police to crush opposition and create a sense of fear among the people
KEY TRAITS:
Dynamic Leader
• Unites people• Symbolizes Government• Encourages popular support
through force of will
Dictatorship & One-Party Rule
• Exercises absolute authority• Dominates the government
Ideology
• Sets goals of the state• Glorifies aims of the state• Justifies government actions
State Control of Individuals
• Demands loyalty• Denies basic liberties• Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state
State Control of Society
• Business• Labor• Housing• Education• Religion• The arts • Personal life• Youth groups
Methods of Enforcement
• Police terror• Indoctrination• Censorship• Persecution
Modern Technology
• Mass communication to spread propaganda• Advanced military weapons
Benito Mussolini – Italy
• Il Duce• Fascist Party• Fasces (rod & ax)• Blackshirts
Adolf Hitler – Germany
• Der Fuehrer• Nazi Party• Swastika • Brown Shirts• Mein Kampf
(My Struggle)
Mein Kampf – My Struggle
Joseph Stalin – U.S.S. R.Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
• Communist: Government controls all property and means of production
• 5 Year Plans: econ. Goals to transform U.S.S.R. from agriculture to INDUSTRY
• Great Purge: 1932-1933 – Over 8 mil. Russians are arrested and sent to Gulags (prison/labor camps) in Siberia or executed.
• Peasants farms are collectivized – 10 mil. Peasants die!
Joseph Stalin
Russian Peasants
General Francisco Franco - Spain
• 1936 -1939: Leads military revolt against the democratic government beginning the bloody Spanish Civil War
• Stalin supports Franco by sending trucks, planes, tanks, & military advisor
• Hitler and Mussolini send arms, money, and men
Franco Becomes Dictator of Spain
• Establishes Authoritarian regime favoring large landowners, businessmen, & Catholic Clergy
• (because he favored traditional groups and did not control every aspect of society his dictatorship is authoritarian – not totalitarian)
Guernica by Pablo Picasso