The Rise of Dictators and the World’s Response Unit 9, Lesson 1.
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Transcript of The Rise of Dictators and the World’s Response Unit 9, Lesson 1.
The Rise of Dictators and the World’s Response
Unit 9, Lesson 1
Essential Idea
• As fascist government became imperialistic, the world, including the United States, reacted insufficiently to stop it.
American Foreign Policy in the 1920s
• Isolationism – Leaving Latin
America
• Peace conferences
• Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
• Fragile peace
Japanese Aggression• Invasion
of Manchuria
• League of Nations response
• Stimson Doctrine (1932)
FDR and Latin America
• Dollar Diplomacy
• “Good Neighbor Policy” (1933)– Pan-American
conferences– Cuba
FDR and International
Trade• London Economic
Conference (1933)• Soviet Union
(1933)• Tydings-McDuffie
Act (1934)• Reciprocal Trade
Agreements
Joseph Stalin
• Joseph Stalin
• Farm collectives
• Concentration camps
• Industrialization
The Rise of Fascism: Italy
• Fascism – Comparison to
communism
• Italy
• Benito Mussolini (1922)
The Rise of Fascism: Japan
• Military dictatorship– Emperor Hirohito
• Response to Great Depression
The Rise of Fascism: Germany
• Nazi party• Adolf Hitler
– Background– Beer Hall Putsch– Mein Kampf
Hitler Takes Power
• Nazis gain influence• Hitler becomes
Chancellor• Reichstag fire• Enabling Act (1933)• Rome-Berlin Axis
(1936)• The Rise of
Dictatorships
German Jews• The Aryan race• Eugenics• Nuremberg Laws (1935)• Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938)
Jewish Emigration
• Mass exodus• Foreign response• The St. Louis• Failed Emigration
Jewish Segregation• Ghettos • Conditions• Mobile killing squads
The “Final Solution”
• Concentration camps
• Death camps
• Legacy
Fascist Dictatorships Expand
• Italy– Ethiopia
(1935)
• Japan– China
(1937)
• What is the difference between Germany prior to WWI and after the Treaty of Versailles?
• Were the new borders drawn according to ethnicities or national identities?
• What countries might Hitler want to invade in order to get “old Germany” back?
Germany Expands• Impact of Treaty of Versailles • Germany militarizes• Rhineland (1936)• Anschluss (1938)• Sudetenland (1938)• Hitler’s justification
Europe’s Weak Response
• Munich Conference (1938)• Appeasement • Neville Chamberlain
World War II Begins
• Non-Aggression Pact (Hitler-Stalin Pact, 1939)
• Lead-up to War
• Hitler invades Poland (September 1, 1939)
• Blitzkrieg
• World War II Begins
Germany on the Offensive • Winston Churchill • Invading France• Miracle at Dunkirk• Dunkirk
Britain vs. Germany• Battle of Britain • Britain
American Response• Isolationists• The Nye Committee (1934)• Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937)• FDR’s Quarantine Speech• Public reaction • American Isolationists
American Isolationism
• Francisco Franco
• Spain falls to fascism (1939)
“Neutrality” Evolves
• Preparedness
• Help Britain?
• “Cash and carry” (Neutrality Act of 1939)
“Neutrality” Evolves
• Selective Training and Service Act (1940)
• “Destroyers for bases” deal
Election of 1940
• A third term?• Wendell Willkie• FDR’s campaign• Results
Creating an “Arsenal of Democracy”
• “Four Freedoms” speech
• Getting around the Neutrality Acts
• Lend-Lease Act (1941)
• Lend-Lease• Atlantic Charter
(1941)• The Greer
FDR vs. the American People?
• FDR’s Critics• America First
Committee• A Nation Divided